Childhood adversity

فَذَٰلِكَ ٱلَّذِي يَدُعُّ ٱلۡيَتِيمَ

It is he who pushes aside the orphan

وَلَا تَقۡرَبُواْ مَالَ ٱلۡيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِٱلَّتِي هِيَ أَحۡسَنُ حَتَّىٰ يَبۡلُغَ أَشُدَّهُۥۚ وَأَوۡفُواْ بِٱلۡعَهۡدِۖ إِنَّ ٱلۡعَهۡدَ كَانَ مَسۡـُٔولࣰ ا

Do not go near the orphan’s property, except with the best [intentions], until he reaches the age of maturity. Honour your pledges: you will be questioned about your pledges

وَلَا تَقۡرَبُواْ مَالَ ٱلۡيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِٱلَّتِي هِيَ أَحۡسَنُ حَتَّىٰ يَبۡلُغَ أَشُدَّهُۥۚ وَأَوۡفُواْ ٱلۡكَيۡلَ وَٱلۡمِيزَانَ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِۖ لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفۡسًا إِلَّا وُسۡعَهَاۖ وَإِذَا قُلۡتُمۡ فَٱعۡدِلُواْ وَلَوۡ كَانَ ذَا قُرۡبَىٰۖ وَبِعَهۡدِ ٱللَّهِ أَوۡفُواْۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ وَصَّىٰكُم بِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَذَكَّرُونَ

Stay well away from the property of orphans, except with the best [intentions], until they come of age; give full measure and weight, according to justice’- We do not burden any soul with more than it can bear- ‘ when you speak, be just, even if it concerns a relative; keep any promises you make in God’s name. This is what He commands you to do, so that you may take heed’

كَلَّاۖ بَل لَّا تُكۡرِمُونَ ٱلۡيَتِيمَ

No indeed! You [people] do not honour orphans

فَأَمَّا ٱلۡيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقۡهَرۡ

So do not be harsh with the orphan

وَأَمَّا ٱلۡجِدَارُ فَكَانَ لِغُلَٰمَيۡنِ يَتِيمَيۡنِ فِي ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ وَكَانَ تَحۡتَهُۥ كَنزࣱ لَّهُمَا وَكَانَ أَبُوهُمَا صَٰلِحࣰ ا فَأَرَادَ رَبُّكَ أَن يَبۡلُغَآ أَشُدَّهُمَا وَيَسۡتَخۡرِجَا كَنزَهُمَا رَحۡمَةࣰ مِّن رَّبِّكَۚ وَمَا فَعَلۡتُهُۥ عَنۡ أَمۡرِيۚ ذَٰلِكَ تَأۡوِيلُ مَا لَمۡ تَسۡطِع عَّلَيۡهِ صَبۡرࣰ ا

The wall belonged to two young orphans in the town and there was buried treasure beneath it belonging to them. Their father had been a righteous man, so your Lord intended them to reach maturity and then dig up their treasure as a mercy from your Lord. I did not do [these things] of my own accord: these are the explanations for those things you could not bear with patience.’

And do not come anywhere near an orphan’s property except in the fairest manner until he comes of age. And fulfil the covenant should you make a covenant with God or with people in general. Indeed the covenant will be enquired into.

And that you do not approach the property of the orphan save with that approach which is fairer namely the one wherein lie his best interests until he is of age when he is sexually mature. And give full measure and full weight in justice fairly desisting from any fraud. We do not charge any soul beyond its capacity what it can bear in such matters so that if one makes a mistake in a measure or weight and God knows that his intention had been well-meaning then he suffers no blame as is stated in one hadīth. And if you speak to pass a judgement or otherwise then be just by being truthful even if he the person receiving the statement or the one being accused in it should be a kinsman. And fulfil God’s covenant. This is what He has charged you with that perhaps you will remember read tadhakkarūn or tadhkurūn you will be admonished.

No indeed! — a disavowal of this notion in other words honour is not about wealth nor is there any humiliation in poverty rather it has to do with obedience and disobedience respectively; but the disbelievers of Mecca unmindful of this. Rather they do not honour the orphan they do not treat him with kindness despite their wealth or it means that they do not give him what is his due from an inheritance

And come not near to the orphan's property except to improve it, until he attains the age of full strength. And fulfill (every) covenant. Verily, the covenant will be questioned about (34)And give full measure when you measure, and weigh with a balance that is straight. That is good (advantageous) and better in the end (35) The Command to handle the Orphan's Wealth properly and to be Honest in Weights and Measures وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ (And come not near to the orphan's property except to improve it, until he attains the age of full strength.) meaning, do not dispose of the orphan's wealth except in a proper manner. وَلَا تَأْكُلُوهَا إِسْرَافًا وَبِدَارًا أَن يَكْبَرُوا ۚ وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ ۖ وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ (but consume it [the orphan's property] not wastefully

"And come not near to the orphan's property, except to improve it, until he (or she) attains the age of full strength; and give full measure and full weight with justice." – We burden not any person, but that which he can bear – "And whenever you speak, say the truth even if a near relative is concerned, and fulfill the covenant of Allah. This He commands you, that you may remember. (152) The Prohibition of Consuming the Orphan's Property Ata' bin As-Sa'ib said that Sa'id bin Jubayr said that Ibn 'Abbas said, "When Allah revealed, وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ (And come not near to the orphan's property, except to improve it.) and, إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَىٰ ظُلْمًا (Verily, those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans.)[4:10] those who were guardians of orphans separated their food from the orphans' food and their dri

As for man, when his Lord tries him by giving him honor and bounties, then he says: "My Lord has honored me. (15)But when He tries him by straitening his means of life, he says: "My Lord has humiliated me! (16)But no! But you treat not the orphans with kindness and generosity (17)And urge not one another on the feeding of the Miskin (18)And you devour the Turath – devouring with greed (19)And you love wealth with love Jamma (20) Wealth and Poverty are both a Test and Honor or Disgrace for the Servant Allah refutes man in his belief that if Allah gives Him abundant provisions to test him with it, it is out of His honor for him. But this is not the case, rather it is a trial and a test, as Allah says, أَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّمَا نُمِدُّهُم بِهِ مِن مَّالٍ وَبَنِينَ - نُسَارِعُ لَهُمْ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ ۚ بَل لَّا يَشْعُرُونَ (Do they think that in wealth and children with which We enlarge the

أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنِ الْعَقِيقَةِ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ لاَ يُحِبُّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْعُقُوقَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ وَكَأَنَّهُ كَرِهَ الاِسْمَ قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِنَّمَا نَسْأَلُكَ أَحَدُنَا يُولَدُ لَهُ ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَنْسُكَ عَنْ وَلَدِهِ فَلْيَنْسُكْ عَنْهُ عَنِ الْغُلاَمِ شَاتَانِ مُكَافَأَتَانِ وَعَنِ الْجَارِيَةِ شَاةٌ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ دَاوُدُ سَأَلْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَسْلَمَ عَنِ الْمُكَافَأَتَانِ قَالَ الشَّاتَانِ الْمُشَبَّهَتَانِ تُذْبَحَانِ جَمِيعًا ‏.‏

It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shuaib, from his fahther, that his grandfather said:"The messenger of Allah was asked about the 'Aqiqah and he said: "Allah, the mighty and sublime, does not like Al-Uquq' as if he disliked the word (Al-Aqiqah). He said to the Messenger of Allah: 'But one of us may offer a sacrifice when a child is born to him.' He said: 'Whoever wants to offer a sacrifice for his child, let him do so, for a boy; two sheep, Mukafaatan, (of equal age), and for a girl, one.' (One of the narrators) Dawud said: 'I asked Ziad bin Aslam about the word Mukafaatan and he said: 'Two similar sheep that are slaughtered together

أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حُرَيْثٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَقَّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ ‏.‏

It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin Buraidah, from his father, that:the Messenger of Allah offered the 'Aqiqah for Al-Hasan and Al-Husain

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ مَا حَرَّمَ مِنَ النَّسَبِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ‏.‏

Ali (bin Abi Talib) narrated that The Messenger of Allah said:“Indeed Allah has made unlawful through suckling whatever He made unlawful through lineage.”

حَدَّثَنَا بُنْدَارٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُوسَى الأَنْصَارِيُّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مَعْنٌ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ مَا حَرَّمَ مِنَ الْوِلاَدَةِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ‏.‏ وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَغَيْرِهِمْ لاَ نَعْلَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ اخْتِلاَفًا ‏.‏

Aishah narrated that the Messenger of Allah said:“Indeed Allah has made unlawful through suckling whatever He made unlawful through birth.”

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، قَالَ قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، أَخْبَرَتْهَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ عِنْدَهَا وَإِنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ صَوْتَ رَجُلٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُ فِي بَيْتِ حَفْصَةَ ‏.‏ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذَا رَجُلٌ يَسْتَأْذِنُ فِي بَيْتِكَ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ أُرَاهُ فُلاَنًا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ لِعَمِّ حَفْصَةَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ ‏.‏ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ كَانَ فُلاَنٌ حَيًّا - لِعَمِّهَا مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ - دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ نَعَمْ إِنَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا تُحَرِّمُ الْوِلاَدَةُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported tha Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was with her and she heard the voice of a person seeking permission to enter the house of Hafsa. 'A'isha (Allah he pleased with her) said:Allah's Messenger, he is the person who seeks permission to enter your house, whereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: I think he is so and so (uncle of Hafsa by reason of fosterage). 'A'isha said: Messenger of Allah, if so and so (her uncle by reason of fosterage) were alive, could he enter my house? Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: Yes. Fosterage makes unlawful what consanguinity makes unlawful

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، قَالَ قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ أَفْلَحَ - أَخَا أَبِي الْقُعَيْسِ - جَاءَ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَيْهَا وَهُوَ عَمُّهَا مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ بَعْدَ أَنْ أُنْزِلَ الْحِجَابُ قَالَتْ فَأَبَيْتُ أَنْ آذَنَ لَهُ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَخْبَرْتُهُ بِالَّذِي صَنَعْتُ فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ آذَنَ لَهُ عَلَىَّ ‏.‏

A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Aflah, the brother of Abu'l-Qu'ais, who was her uncle by reason of fosterage, came, and asked her permission (to enter the house) after seclusion (Hijab) was instituted. I refused to admit him. When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) came, I informed him what I had done. He commanded me to grant him permission (as the brother of her foster-father was also her uncle)

قال الله تعالى إن الذين يأكلون أموال اليتامى ظلما إنما يأكلون في بطونهم نارا وسيصلون سعيرا النساء وقال تعالى ولا تقربوا مال اليتيم إلا بالتي هي أحسن الانعام وقال تعالى ويسألونك عن اليتامى قل إصلاح لهم خير وإن تخالطوهم فإخوانكم والله يعلم المفسد من المصلح البقرة

الفائدة العاشرة أن يتمكن من الإيثار والتصدق بما فضل من الأطعمة على اليتامى والمساكين فيكون يوم القيامة في ظل صدقته + حديث كل امرئ في ظل صدقته أخرجه الحاكم من حديث عقبة بن عامر وقد تقدم + كما ورد به الخبر فما يأكله كان خزانته الكنيف وما يتصدق به كان خزانته فضل الله تعالى فليس للعبد من ماله إلا ما تصدق فأبقى أو أكل فأفنى أو لبس فأبلى فالتصدق بفضلات الطعام أولى من التخمة والشبع وكان الحسن رحمة الله عليه إذا تلا قوله تعالى إنا عرضنا الأمانة على السموات والأرض والجبال فأبين أن يحملنها وأشفقن منها وحملها الإنسان إنه كان ظلوما جهولا قال عرضها على السموات السبع الطباق والطرائق التي زينها بالنجوم وحملة العرش العظيم فقال لها سبحانه وتعالى هل تحملين الأمانة بما فيها قالت وما فيها قال إن أحسنت جوزيت وإن أسأت عوقبت فقالت لا ثم عرضها كذلك على الأرض فأبت ثم عرضها على الجبال الشوامخ الصلاب الصعاب فقال لها هل تحملين الأمانة بما فيها قالت وما فيها فذكر الجزاء والعقوبة فقالت لا ثم عرضها على الإنسان فحملها

جحيفة قال جاء رجل إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يشكو جاره فقال له اطرح متاعك في الطريق قال فجعل الناس يمرون به فيلعنونه فجاء إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال يا رسول الله ما لقيت من الناس قال وما لقيت قال يلعنوني قال فقد لعنك الله قبل الناس قال يا رسول الله فإني لا أعود وخرجه أبو داود بمعناه من حديث أبي هريرة ولم يذكر فيه فقد لعنك الله قبل الناس وخرج الخرائطي من حديث أم سلمة قالت دخلت شاة لجارة لنا فأخذت قرصة لنا فقمت إليها فأخذتها من بين لحييها فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إنه لا قليل من أذى الجار فأما إكرام الجار والإحسان إليه فمأمور به وقد قال الله تعالى واعبدوا الله ولا تشركوا به شيئا وبالوالدين إحسانا وبذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين والجار ذي القربى والجار الجنب والصاحب بالجنب وابن السبيل وما ملكت أيمانكم إن الله لا يحب من كان مختالا فخورا النساء فجمع الله تعالى في هذه الآية بين ذكر حقه على العبد وحقوق العباد على العباد أيضا وجعل العباد الذين أمر بالإحسان إليهم خمسة أنواع أحدها

وقد أخبرنا النبي صلى الله عليه و آله و سلم عن صاحب الشملة التي غلها من المغنم انها تشتعل نارا في قبره هذا وله فيها حق فكيف بمن ظلم غيره ما لا حق له فيه فعذاب القبر عن معاصي القلب و العين و الاذن و الفم و اللسان و البطن و الفرج و اليد و الرجل و البدن كله فالنمام و الكذاب و المغتاب و شاهد الزور و قاذف المحصن و الموضع في الفتنة و الداعي إلى البدعة و القائل على الله و رسوله مالا علم له به والمجازف في كلامه وآكل الربا آكل أموال اليتامى وآكل السحت من الرشوة و البرطيل و نحوهما وآكل مال أخيه المسلم بغير حق أو مال المعاهد و شارب المسكر وآكل لقمة الشجرة الملعونة والزاني واللوطي والسارق والخائن والغادر والمخادع والماكر وآخذ الربا ومعطيه وكاتبه وشاهداه والمحلل والمحلل له و المحتال على إسقاط فرائض الله وارتكاب محارمه ومؤذي المسلمين ومتتبع عوراتهم والحاكم بغير ما أنزل الله والمفتي بغير ما شرعه الله والمعين على الاثم و العدوان وقاتل النفس التي حرم الله والملحد في حرم الله والمعطل لحقائق أسماء الله وصفا

واحتل على مال اليتيم فإنه % رزق هنى من ضعيف الحال

وثلاثة في البطن: شرب الخمر، وأكل مال اليتيم ظلما، وأكل الربا.

A Systematic Review of Trials to Improve Child Outcomes Associated With Adverse Childhood Experiences.: Context: The purpose of this systematic literature review was to summarize current evidence from RCTs for the efficacy of interventions involving pediatric health care to prevent poor outcomes associated with adverse childhood experiences measured in childhood (C-ACEs). Evidence acquisition: On January 18, 2018, investigators searched PubMed, PsycInfo, SocIndex, Web of Science, Cochrane, and reference lists for English language RCTs involving pediatric health care and published between January 1

Adverse childhood experiences and associated health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.: Background: The Center for Disease Control (CDC) and Kaiser Permanente developed the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scale to identify negative experiences in childhood. The goal of this study is to systematically review outcomes associated with the ACEs in the CDC-Kaiser ACE scale to understand the diversity of outcomes associated with this scale. Methods: The authors conducted a search of English language articles published through September 30, 2016 using OVID Medline®; Ovid Medline® Dail

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Executive Function Difficulties in Children: A Systematic Review.: Background: The relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and detrimental mental health outcomes has been increasingly explored within scientific literature since the original ACE study was published by Felitti et al. (1998). Given that deficits in executive functions (EF) are prominent in most forms of psychopathology across the lifespan, there is utility in considering how ACEs relate to EF outcomes. Objective: To consolidate the research to date on the relationship between ACE

Stress, epigenetics and depression: A systematic review.: Environmental stressors, such as childhood maltreatment, have been recognized to contribute to the development of depression. Growing evidence suggests that epigenetic changes are a key mechanism by which stressors interact with the genome leading to stable changes in DNA structure, gene expression, and behaviour. The current review aimed to evaluate the relationship between stress-associated epigenetic changes and depression. Human studies were identified via systematic searching of PubMed/Medl

Adverse childhood experiences and allostatic load: A systematic review.: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are stressful and/or traumatic experiences associated with an increased lifetime risk of negative health outcomes. The Allostatic Load (AL) is a measure of multisystem dysregulation, resulted by chronic stress. We systematically reviewed the English language literature on the association between ACEs and AL to identify the clinical risk profile, with the exclusion of reviews and preclinical studies. Searches covered the publication period up to the 1st of Feb

Interventions to support people exposed to adverse childhood experiences: systematic review of systematic reviews.: Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) such as abuse, neglect or household adversity may have a range of serious negative impacts. There is a need to understand what interventions are effective to improve outcomes for people who have experienced ACEs. Methods: Systematic review of systematic reviews. We searched 18 database sources from 2007 to 2018 for systematic reviews of effectiveness data on people who experienced ACEs aged 3-18, on any intervention and any outcome except incidenc

Associations of adverse childhood experiences and suicidal behaviors in adulthood in a U.S. nationally representative sample.

Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults. The current study extends the research linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to suicidal behaviors by testing these associations using a nationally representative sample, assessing for suicide ideation and attempts in adulthood, controlling for established risk factors for suicidality, and measuring a broad array of ACEs. Methods: The sample included 9,421 participants from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health who participated in four waves of assessments spanning 13 years. We examined longitudinal associations between eight different ACEs (physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, neglect, parental death, incarceration, alcoholism, and family suicidality) with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adulthood, while controlling for depression, problem alcohol use, drug use, delinque…

matched on Adverse Childhood Experiences (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (mesh)

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Relation to Parenting Stress and Parenting Practices.

The objective of this study was to understand the relationship between the early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) of parents and their later parenting stress and practices. At the baseline visit of an 8-week course of cognitive behavioral therapy, parenting women completed the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) and the Positive Parenting Practices (PPP) scale. Linear regression procedures were used to assess the relationship between a parent's own early experience of ACEs and current parenting stress and practices, including if there was a dose-response relationship. For the PSI-SF, significant dose-response relationships were observed between ACEs and the PSI Total Stress score (p < 0.05) and the difficult child subscale (p < 0.05). Additionally, a relationship was suggested with the parental distress subscale (p < 0.10). No significant relationships were found between ACEs …

matched on Adverse Childhood Experiences (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (mesh)

Difficulties with emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking child maltreatment with the emergence of psychopathology.

Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk for most forms of psychopathology. We examine emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking maltreatment with general psychopathology. A sample of 262 children and adolescents participated; 162 (61.8%) experienced abuse or exposure to domestic violence. We assessed four emotion regulation processes (cognitive reappraisal, attention bias to threat, expressive suppression, and rumination) and emotional reactivity. Psychopathology symptoms were assessed concurrently and at a 2-year longitudinal follow-up. A general psychopathology factor (p factor), representing co-occurrence of psychopathology symptoms across multiple internalizing and externalizing domains, was estimated using confirmatory factor analysis. Maltreatment was associated with heightened emotional reactivity and greater use of expressive suppression and ru…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), childhood maltreatment (text), Exposure to Violence (mesh)

Young Adults and Adverse Childhood Events: A Potent Measure of Cardiovascular Risk.

Introduction: While cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, its determinants include unhealthy behaviors and clinical risk factors and are recognized as the "actual causes" of death. Risk likely accumulates over the life course, and adverse childhood experiences may increase the risk of "actual causes" of death. The objectives of the study are to determine the prevalence and test the association of adverse childhood experiences among unhealthy behaviors and risk factors as a primordial risk factor among young adults. Methods: Data were extracted from the 2009 and 2011 Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System. Individuals ages 18-99 years provided complete information on adverse childhood experiences, health behaviors, and risk factors. Adverse childhood experiences were categorized and evaluated as cumulative burden. Multivariable logistic models, including stratified an…

matched on Adverse Childhood Experiences (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events (mesh)

Differences in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and quality of physical and mental health between transgender and cisgender sexual minorities.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to increase risk for negative health outcomes. Recent work has shown that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals, on average, have higher ACEs scores compared to heterosexual individuals. However, past ACEs research involving LGB people did not assess the influence of experiencing childhood neglect and risk for poor health among this population. Further, this previous work has been limited to LGB people, excluding transgender and gender nonconforming experiences. The purpose of this project was to assess the relationship between ACEs, gender-identity, and physical and mental health status. As part of a larger community-based participatory research study, we surveyed 477 sexual and gender minority individuals about mental and physical health, ACEs, and sociodemographic characteristics. Transgender participants reported emotional a…

matched on Adverse Childhood Experiences (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (mesh)

Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences From the 2011-2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 23 States.

Importance: Early adversity is associated with leading causes of adult morbidity and mortality and effects on life opportunities. Objective: To provide an updated prevalence estimate of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the United States using a large, diverse, and representative sample of adults in 23 states. Design, setting, and participants: Data were collected through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an annual, nationally representative telephone survey on health-related behaviors, health conditions, and use of preventive services, from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2014. Twenty-three states included the ACE assessment in their BRFSS. Respondents included 248 934 noninstitutionalized adults older than 18 years. Data were analyzed from March 15 to April 25, 2017. Main outcomes and measures: The ACE module consists of 11 questions collapsed into the…

matched on Adverse Childhood Experiences (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Domestic Violence (mesh)

Stress begets stress: the association of adverse childhood experiences with psychological distress in the presence of adult life stress.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACES) have been linked to poor health and well-being outcomes, including poor mental health such as psychological distress. Both ACEs and psychological distress pose a significant public health burden, particularly in low to middle income countries. Contemporaneous stress events in adulthood may also impact psychological distress. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of ACEs and psychological distress and to assess the separate and cumulative effect of ACEs on psychological distress, while accounting for the effect of adult stress. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used retrospectively measured ACEs from a sample of 1223 young adults aged between 22 and 23 years (52% female) from the Birth to Twenty Plus Study. Psychological distress and adult life stress were measured with a six-month recall period. Hierarchical logis…

matched on Adverse Childhood Experiences (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events (mesh)

Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Infant Development.

Objectives: To examine the prenatal and postnatal mechanisms by which maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict the early development of their offspring, specifically via biological (maternal health risk in pregnancy, infant health risk at birth) and psychosocial risk (maternal stress during and after pregnancy, as well as hostile behavior in early infancy). Methods: Participants were 1994 women (mean age = 31 years) and their infants, who were recruited in pregnancy as part of a prospective longitudinal cohort from 2008 to 2010. Pregnant women completed self-report questionnaires in pregnancy and postpartum related to psychosocial risk and a questionnaire about hostile behavior when their infant was 4 months of age. Health risk in pregnancy and infant health risk at birth were obtained from health records. Mothers completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaire when infants were…

matched on Adverse Childhood Experiences (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events (mesh)

Rethinking the Measurement of Adversity.

Research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has unified the study of interrelated risks and generated insights into the origins of disorder and disease. Ten indicators of child maltreatment and household dysfunction are widely accepted as ACEs, but further progress requires a more systematic approach to conceptualizing and measuring ACEs. Using data from a diverse, low-income sample of women who received home visiting services in Wisconsin ( N = 1,241), this study assessed the prevalence of and interrelations among 10 conventional ACEs and 7 potential ACEs: family financial problems, food insecurity, homelessness, parental absence, parent/sibling death, bullying, and violent crime. Associations between ACEs and two outcomes, perceived stress and smoking, were examined. The factor structure and test-retest reliability of ACEs was also explored. As expected, prevalence rates were high…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (mesh)

Risk factors for child maltreatment in an Australian population-based birth cohort.

Child maltreatment and other adverse childhood experiences adversely influence population health and socioeconomic outcomes. Knowledge of the risk factors for child maltreatment can be used to identify children at risk and may represent opportunities for prevention. We examined a range of possible child, parent and family risk factors for child maltreatment in a prospective 27-year population-based birth cohort of 2443 Australians. Physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and witnessing of domestic violence were recorded retrospectively in early adulthood. Potential risk factors were collected prospectively during childhood or reported retrospectively. Associations were estimated using bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions and combined into cumulative risk scores. Higher levels of economic disadvantage, poor parental mental health and substance use, and social ins…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Domestic Violence (mesh)

Does continuous trusted adult support in childhood impart life-course resilience against adverse childhood experiences - a retrospective study on adult health-harming behaviours and mental well-being.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) including child abuse and household problems (e.g. domestic violence) increase risks of poor health and mental well-being in adulthood. Factors such as having access to a trusted adult as a child may impart resilience against developing such negative outcomes. How much childhood adversity is mitigated by such resilience is poorly quantified. Here we test if access to a trusted adult in childhood is associated with reduced impacts of ACEs on adoption of health-harming behaviours and lower mental well-being in adults. Methods: Cross-sectional, face-to-face household surveys (aged 18-69 years, February-September 2015) examining ACEs suffered, always available adult (AAA) support from someone you trust in childhood and current diet, smoking, alcohol consumption and mental well-being were undertaken in four UK regions. Sampling used stratified …

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Domestic Violence (mesh)

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later-life depression: perceived social support as a potential protective factor.

Objective: To investigate associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later-life depressive symptoms; and to explore whether perceived social support (PSS) moderates these. Method: We analysed baseline data from the Mitchelstown (Ireland) 2010-2011 cohort of 2047 men and women aged 50-69 years. Self-reported measures included ACEs (Centre for Disease Control ACE questionnaire), PSS (Oslo Social Support Scale) and depressive symptoms (CES-D). The primary exposure was self-report of at least one ACE. We also investigated the effects of ACE exposure by ACE scores and ACE subtypes abuse, neglect and household dysfunction. Associations between each of these exposures and depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic factors. We tested whether the estimated associations varied across levels of PSS (poor, moderate and strong). Res…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (mesh)

Direct and indirect forms of childhood maltreatment and nonsuicidal self-injury among clinically-referred children and youth.

Background: Although exposure to direct forms of childhood maltreatment is among the most widely studied risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), research on NSSI has largely overlooked the role of exposure to indirect forms of child maltreatment (i.e., witnessing domestic violence). To address this gap in the literature, the present study examined associations among both direct and indirect forms of child maltreatment and NSSI among clinically-referred children and youth. Methods: Data was collected using the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health Assessment (ChYMH) at ten mental health agencies. The ChYMH is a comprehensive standardized clinical assessment tool completed by trained assessors using multiple sources. The study included a convenience sample of 747 children and youth (68% male) between ages 8-18 with complex mental health histories referred for inpatient or outpati…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), childhood maltreatment (text), Domestic Violence (mesh)

Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, High-Risk Behaviors, and Morbidity in Adulthood.

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with early mortality and morbidity. This study evaluated the association among ACEs, high-risk health behaviors, and comorbid conditions, as well as the independent effect of ACE components. Methods: Data were analyzed on 48,526 U.S. adults from five states in the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Exposures included psychological, physical, and sexual forms of abuse as well as household dysfunction such as substance abuse, mental illness, violence, and incarceration. Main outcome measures included risky behaviors and morbidity measures, including binge drinking, heavy drinking, current smoking, high-risk HIV behavior, obesity, diabetes, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, stroke, depression, disability caused by poor health, and use of special equipment because of disability. Multiple logis…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events (mesh)

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health, Chronic Medical Conditions, and Development in Young Children.

Objective: To determine the relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health, chronic medical conditions, and social development among young children in the child welfare system. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a nationally representative sample of children investigated by child welfare (National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II) from 2008 to 2009. Our analysis included caregiver interviews and caseworker reports about children aged 18 to 71 months who were not in out-of-home care (n = 912). We examined the associations between ACEs and mental health (measured by the Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]), reported chronic medical conditions, and social development (measured by the Vineland Socialization Scale) in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Nearly all children (98.1%) were reported to have had an ACE in their lifetime; the ave…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Exposure to Violence (mesh)

Group attachment-based intervention: trauma-informed care for families with adverse childhood experiences.

This article outlines the main premises of an innovative trauma-informed intervention, group attachment-based intervention, specifically developed to target vulnerable families with infants and toddlers, living in one of the poorest urban counties in the nation. It also reports on the trauma-relevant characteristics of 60 families entering a clinical trial to study the effectiveness of Group Attachment-Based Intervention. Initial survey results revealed high levels of neglect, abuse, and household dysfunction in mothers' histories (77% reported ≥4 adverse childhood experiences, with more than 90% reporting 2 or more current toxic stressors, including poverty, obesity, domestic and community violence, and homelessness).

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Domestic Violence (mesh)

Childhood maltreatment predicts allostatic load in adulthood.

Childhood maltreatment has been linked to numerous negative health outcomes. However, few studies have examined mediating processes using longitudinal designs or objectively measured biological data. This study sought to determine whether child abuse and neglect predicts allostatic load (a composite indicator of accumulated stress-induced biological risk) and to examine potential mediators. Using a prospective cohort design, children (ages 0-11) with documented cases of abuse and neglect were matched with non-maltreated children and followed up into adulthood with in-person interviews and a medical status exam (mean age 41). Allostatic load was assessed with nine physical health indicators. Child abuse and neglect predicted allostatic load, controlling for age, sex, and race. The direct effect of child abuse and neglect persisted despite the introduction of potential mediators of interna…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), childhood maltreatment (text), Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (mesh)

Perspectives on trauma-informed care from mothers with a history of childhood maltreatment: a qualitative study.

Women who experienced abuse or neglect as children are more likely to have health problems during pregnancy and postpartum, but can be reluctant to seek help due to a lack of trauma-informed services. As part of a larger mixed method study, this component aimed to obtain qualitative data from trauma-exposed new mothers about their health care preferences during the perinatal period with the ultimate goal to design personalized, supportive interventions. Fifty-two trauma-exposed mothers completed a semi-structured interview at seven months postpartum about health care preferences including ideas for programs that promote wellness, thoughts about the influences of being a new mother and possible names for a program serving trauma-exposed mothers. Interviews were transcribed and coded using N-Vivo. Participants described ambivalence about seeking help but also a sincere desire for healing, …

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), childhood maltreatment (text), Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (mesh)

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) within a social disadvantage framework: distinguishing unique, cumulative, and moderated contributions to adult mental health.

The deleterious impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) may be confounded with frequently co-occurring social disadvantage. In this analysis we test the effects of ACE on adult mental health within a social disadvantage framework, using a population-based survey (n = 7,444; mean age = 55.2 years) from Washington State. We also examined the protective effects of socioemotional support, and the distinct and combined contribution of the measured ACE factors. Results demonstrated sustained impact of ACE on mental health many decades later, even net of social disadvantage and demographic contributors. Protective factors provided both direct and moderating influences, potentially masking the elevated effects of ACE for those with few resources. Toxicity examination of ACE items evinced differential effects of ACE experiences on mental health. These results demonstrate that interventions …

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (mesh)

Association between childhood maltreatment and adult emotional dysregulation in a low-income, urban, African American sample: moderation by oxytocin receptor gene.

The ability to effectively regulate emotions and a secure attachment style are critical for maintaining mental health across the life span. The experience of childhood maltreatment interferes with normal development of emotional regulation and dramatically increases risk for a wide range of psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The central nervous system oxytocin systems are critically involved in mediating social attachment and buffering psychophysiological responses to stress. We therefore investigated the impact of childhood maltreatment and an oxytocin receptor (OXTR) single nucleotide polymorphism (rs53576) and their interaction on emotional dysregulation and attachment style in adulthood in a sample of low-income, African American men and women recruited from primary care clinics of an urban, public hospital. Consistent with prior research, we found that the severity of childhood mal…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), childhood maltreatment (text), Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (mesh)

Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of premature mortality.

Background: Strong, graded relationships between exposure to childhood traumatic stressors and numerous negative health behaviors and outcomes, healthcare utilization, and overall health status inspired the question of whether these adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with premature death during adulthood. Purpose: This study aims to determine whether ACEs are associated with an increased risk of premature death during adulthood. Methods: Baseline survey data on health behaviors, health status, and exposure to ACEs were collected from 17,337 adults aged >18 years during 1995-1997. The ACEs included abuse (emotional, physical, sexual); witnessing domestic violence; parental separation or divorce; and growing up in a household where members were mentally ill, substance abusers, or sent to prison. The ACE score (an integer count of the eight categories of ACEs) was used as a…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Domestic Violence (mesh)

Parenting attitudes and infant spanking: the influence of childhood experiences.

Objectives: To assess associations among maternal childhood experiences and subsequent parenting attitudes and use of infant spanking (IS), and determine if attitudes mediate the association between physical abuse exposure and IS. Methods: We performed a prospective study of women who received prenatal care at community health centers in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sociodemographic characteristics, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), attitudes toward corporal punishment (CP), and IS use were assessed via face-to-face interviews, conducted at the first prenatal care visit, 3 months postpartum, and 11 months postpartum. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: The sample consisted of 1265 mostly black, low-income women. Nineteen percent of the participants valued CP as a means of discipline, and 14% reported IS use. Mothers exposed to childhood physica…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Domestic Violence (mesh)

Adverse childhood experiences and the association with ever using alcohol and initiating alcohol use during adolescence.

Purpose: Alcohol is the most common and frequently used drug and has the potential to cause multiple deleterious effects throughout the lifespan. Because early age at initiation of alcohol use increases this potential and programs and laws are in place to attempt to delay the onset of alcohol use, we studied the relationship between multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and both the likelihood of ever drinking and the age at initiating alcohol use. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 8417 adult health maintenance organization (HMO) members in California who completed a survey about ACEs, which included childhood abuse and neglect, growing up with various forms of household dysfunction and alcohol use in adolescence and adulthood. The main outcomes measured were ever drinking and age at initiating alcohol use among ever-drinkers for four age categories: < or = 14 yea…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), adverse childhood experiences (text), Domestic Violence (mesh)

Exposure to domestic violence as abuse and neglect: Constructions of child maltreatment in daily practice.

Research finds that exposure to domestic violence can adversely affect the emotional, behavioral, and physical health of children. These effects have led some child advocates and policymakers in the United States to conclude that child exposure to domestic violence (CEDV) is a type of child maltreatment warranting state intervention. However, few states have defined CEDV as a type of maltreatment in statute and little is known about how child welfare agencies respond to allegations of CEDV in the absence of other safety threats. This study considers that CEDV itself might prompt an initial child welfare referral and may be construed by workers as a type of statutory maltreatment. Using a random sample (n = 295) of case records, this study analyzed one large child welfare agency's response to referrals alleging CEDV between 2011 and 2012. Findings indicate that CEDV itself did trigger inv…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), Domestic Violence (mesh), Exposure to Violence (mesh)

Safe, stable, nurturing relationships break the intergenerational cycle of abuse: a prospective nationally representative cohort of children in the United Kingdom.

Purpose: To identify contextual and interpersonal factors that distinguish families in which the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment is maintained from families in which the cycle is broken. Methods: The sample was composed of 1,116 families in the United Kingdom who participated in the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study. We assessed mother's childhood history of maltreatment retrospectively with a validated and reliable interview. Prospective reports of children's physical maltreatment were collected repeatedly up to 12 years. We compared families in which mothers but not children had experienced maltreatment with families in which both mothers and children had experienced maltreatment, and with families without maltreatment, on a range of contextual and interpersonal factors known to affect child development. Results: In multivariate analyses, supportive and…

matched on Child Abuse (mesh), Adult Survivors of Child Abuse (mesh), Domestic Violence (mesh)