Memory and thinking in later life, and their decline.
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Tafsīr
التفسير6 shownCommentary on the verses above, at most two editions per verse.
en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidi on 6:112en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidicommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
Thus have We made for every prophet an enemy, satans of jinn and men. When someone's rank is higher, his trial will be more complete. When someone is nearer to the Real and his heart more limpid, his soul will be more captured by the hand of the enemy. Yes, without the grief of tribulation, the story of love cannot be told. Without the venom of trial, the honey of friendship cannot be found. Look at what Adam the Chosen, that sapling honored by the Real and nurtured by hallowing, saw from his enemy Iblis. God says, “Then Satan made them slip therefrom and brought them out from what they were in” [2:36]. And that other elder of the prophets and father of the world's folk, Noah-look at what he saw from his own people. For nine hundred and some years he invited them, and every day they beat him so much that he became unconscious, and they advised his own children to be his enemies. That par
en-al-jalalayn on 10:24en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
The likeness the description of the life of this world is only as water rain which We send down from the heaven then the plants of the earth mingle with it they mingle because of it attaching themselves one to another whereof mankind eat plants such as wheat and barley and so on and cattle eat of pasture until when the earth has taken on its ornaments its splendour of plants and has adorned itself with flowers izzayyanat ‘adorned itself’ is originally tazayyanat but the tā’ has been substituted with the zāy and assimilated with it and its inhabitants think that they are masters of it fully capable of harvesting its fruits Our command Our decree or Our chastisement comes upon it by night or day and We make it that is its crops as reaped corn like that which has been reaped with sickles as though ka-an is softened in other words read it as ka-annahā the previous day it had not flourished a
en-al-jalalayn on 17:93en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
or until you come to have a house adorned with gold or ascend into the heaven upon a ladder and even then we will not believe your ascension if you were to ascend into it until you bring down for us therefrom a book in which is confirmed your truthfulness that we may read’. Say to them ‘Glory be to my Lord — this is a statement of amazement — Am I anything but a human a messenger from God?’ in other words I am like all other messengers for they never brought any signs except by God’s leave.
en-al-jalalayn on 6:112en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
And so We have appointed to every Prophet an enemy just as We have appointed these your enemies and this ‘adūwwan ‘an enemy’ is substituted by the following shayātīn ‘devils’ devils the rebels of mankind and jinn who inspire whisper fine speech to each other the falsehood that is disguised as such fine speech in delusion that is in order to delude them; yet had your Lord willed they would never have done it that mutual inspiration. So leave them let the disbelievers be with what they fabricate of disbelief and otherwise of what has been adorned for them — this was revealed before the command to fight them.
en-tafisr-ibn-kathir on 10:24en-tafisr-ibn-kathircommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
Verily, the parable of the life of the world is as the water which We send down from the sky; so by it arises the intermingled produce of the earth of which men and cattle eat: until when the earth is clad in its adornments and is beautified, and its people think that they have all the powers of disposal over it, Our command reaches it by night or by day and We make it like a clean-mown harvest, as if it had not flourished yesterday! Thus do We explain the Ayat in detail for the people who reflect (24)Allah calls to the Abode of Peace (Paradise) and guides whom He wills to the straight path (25)
The Parable of this Life
Allah the Almighty has set an example of the similitude of the life of this world, its glitter and the swiftness of its passage, likening it to the plant and vegetation that Allah brings out from the earth. This plant grows from the water that comes down from the sky. T
en-tafisr-ibn-kathir on 17:93en-tafisr-ibn-kathircommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
And they say: "We shall not believe in you, until you cause a spring to gush forth from the earth for us; (90)"Or you have a garden of date palms and grapes, and cause rivers to gush forth in their midst abundantly; (91)"Or you cause the heaven to fall upon us in pieces, as you have pretended, or you bring Allah and the angels before (us) face to face; (92)"Or you have a house of Zukhruf, or you ascend up into the sky, and even then we will put no faith in your ascension until you bring down for us a Book that we would read." Say: "Glorified be my Lord! Am I anything but a man, sent as a Messenger? (93)
The Demand of Quraysh for a specific Sign, and the Rejection of that
Ibn Jarir recorded from Muhammad bin Ishaq, "An old man from among the people of Egypt who came to us forty-odd years ago told me, from 'Ikrimah, from Ibn 'Abbas, that 'Utbah and Shaybah – the two sons of Rabi'ah, Abu
Research library, full list
976 to 1000 of 1,152Environmental stress, psychological stress and allostatic load.
The mechanism by which chronic caregiving stress results in poor health is not well understood. The objective was to determine whether such a mechanism may be allostatic load, a novel concept specifying physiological systems that may suffer cumulative wear and tear following chronic stress, leading collectively to poor health. The study examines the association of allostatic load with environmental and psychological stress in the contexts of dementia caregiving and relinquishment of care, and is a 2-year longitudinal comparison of three groups: 80 new dementia spouse caregivers, 120 veteran caregivers, and 60 non-caregivers. Data comprised allostatic load markers and environmental and psychological stress measures. Cross-lagged analyses produced a statistically significant association between psychological stress and one allostatic load component (primary mediators). Psychological stress…
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Predicting caregiver burden from daily functional abilities of patients with mild dementia.
Objectives: To assess the relationship between performance- and informant-based measures of activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with early dementia and burden or psychological distress experienced by the patients' caregivers.
Design: Descriptive study.
Setting: Ambulatory center.
Participants: Thirty-four patient-caregiver dyads in which the patient had mild dementia (Mini-Mental State Examination score >17).
Measurements: A performance-based ADL measure (the Direct Assessment of Functional Status (DAFS)) was administered to patients with mild dementia. Caregivers completed an informant-based measure of patient functional status (instrumental activities of daily living). Caregivers also completed the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI).
Results: Significant correlations were found between the informant-based ADL measure and caregiver burden (C…
matched on Dementia (mesh)
Dilemmas in the (un)veiling of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: walking an ethical and professional tight rope.
Objective: To enhance the understanding and effect of physician's difficulties, attitudes and communication styles on the disclosure of the diagnosis of AD in practice.
Methods: Qualitative, phenomenological study, combining pre-encounter interviews with physicians, observations of actual encounters of diagnosis disclosure of AD, and post-encounter interviews.
Results: There were various ways or tactics to (un)veil the bad news that may be perceived as different ways of dulling the impact and avoiding full and therefore problematic statements. In the actual encounters this was accomplished by keeping encounters short, avoiding elaboration, confirmation of comprehension and explicit terminology and using fractured sentences.
Conclusion: The present study's findings highlight the difficulties encountered in breaking the news about AD, in the way it is actually done, and the problems that m…
matched on Alzheimer Disease (mesh)
Damjanovic AK, Yang Y, Glaser R, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Nguyen H, Laskowski B, Zou Y, Beversdorf DQ, Weng NP (2007)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)296 citations Accelerated telomere erosion is associated with a declining immune function of caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients.
Caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients endure chronic stress associated with a decline of immune function. To assess the psychological and immunological changes of caregivers, we compared depressive symptoms, PBMC composition, in vitro activation-induced proliferation and cytokine production, and telomere length and telomerase activity of 82 individuals (41 caregivers and 41 age- and gender-matched controls). We found depressive symptoms were significantly higher in caregivers than in controls (p < 0.001). Correspondingly, caregivers had significantly lower T cell proliferation but higher production of immune-regulatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-10) than controls in response to stimulation in vitro. We examined the impact of these changes on cellular replicative lifespan and found that caregivers had significantly shorter telomere lengths in PBMC than controls (6.2 and 6.4 kb, resp…
matched on Alzheimer Disease (mesh)
Daytime sleepiness and functional impairment in Alzheimer disease.
Objective: Daytime sleep has been noted to accompany dementing illness and is more pronounced as dementia severity increases. Although acknowledged by caregivers, sleepiness during the daytime is among the least troublesome of sleep behaviors described in Alzheimer Disease (AD) patients. The purpose of this study was to examine whether patient and spouse/caregiver reports of daytime sleepiness in AD were associated with lower functional status in those patients.
Methods: The authors utilized the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess reported daytime sleepiness and a modification of the Lawton and Brody scale to assess functional status in a group of 137 AD patients. The authors also examined typical bedtimes and wakeup times via questionnaire.
Results: Higher levels of daytime sleepiness were associated with greater impairments in functional status. These results were independent of level o…
matched on Alzheimer Disease (mesh)
Doing as much as I can do: the meaning of activity for people with dementia.
While it is assumed that persons with dementia benefit from being involved in meaningful activity, research examining this claim is limited. In particular, how individuals with dementia perceive this involvement is poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine what constitutes meaningful activity from the perspective of persons with dementia, and to explore how they perceive its significance in their lives. We conducted an interpretive phenomenological analysis of multiple interviews and participant observation conducted with eight community-dwelling elders with mild to moderate dementia. For several participants, the single most important driving force in their lives was being active, doing as much as they possibly could. They were involved in a wide range of activities including leisure pastimes, household chores, work-related endeavors, and social involvem…
matched on Dementia (mesh)
Using video images of dementia in advance care planning.
Background: Advance care planning is a process by which patients plan for future medical care under circumstances of impaired decision-making. Central to this process is the patient's understanding and ability to imagine future health states.
Methods: A before and after oral survey was used to compare the effect of a video depiction with that of a verbal description of a patient with advanced dementia for individuals selecting level of medical care at 7 primary care clinics at 2 US medical centers. The study enrolled 120 adults, half of whom were nonwhite.
Results: A total of 120 subjects completed the interview. Before watching the video, 60 (50.0%) subjects preferred comfort care, 25 (20.8%) desired life-prolonging care, 22 (18.3%) chose limited care, and 13 (10.8%) were unsure of their preferences. Subject preferences changed significantly after the video: 107 (89.2%) of the subjects …
matched on Dementia (mesh)
The impact of attachment on dementia-related problem behavior and spousal caregivers' well-being.
This study investigated the impact of attachment style on the course of dementia-related problem behavior and caregivers' well-being over 2 years. A total of 116 married couples with one spouse suffering from dementia participated. Care recipients' and caregivers' attachment styles were assessed at the beginning of the study. Caregivers' well-being and care recipients' dementia-related problem behavior were assessed three times (n = 68). Husbands' and wives' attachment styles were significantly associated. Caregivers' avoidance and care recipients' insecure attachment style were associated with increased levels of dementia-related problem behavior. Caregivers' avoidance and anxiety were also associated with lower levels of caregivers' well-being. The latent growth curve analysis indicated that problem behavior and attachment style are associated, and that both have direct effects on care…
matched on Dementia (mesh)
Factors associated with caregiver reports of sleep disturbances in persons with dementia.
Objective: This investigation examined the relationship between caregivers' reports of sleep disturbances in persons with Alzheimer disease (AD) and actigraphic records of patients' sleep-wake activity, and explored the factors associated with discrepancies in this relationship.
Method: Forty-six patients with AD living with their caregivers participated. Before study entry, all caregivers reported poor patient sleep quality using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) Nighttime Behavior Scale. Patient sleep-wake activity was recorded for one week using an Actillume wrist-movement recorder.
Results: Although all patients were reported by caregivers to have multiple sleep disturbances, 41% of patients had actigraphic sleep efficiencies in the normal range and 43% averaged eight or more hours of sleep nightly. In bivariate analyses, greater patient percent nighttime sleep (indicative of more…
matched on Alzheimer Disease (mesh)
Self-conscious emotion deficits in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with dramatic changes in emotion. The precise nature of these changes is not fully understood; however, we believe that the most salient losses relate to self-relevant processing. Thus, FTLD patients exhibit emotional changes that are consistent with a reduction in self-monitoring, self-awareness and the ability to place the self in a social context. In contrast, other more primitive aspects of the emotional system may remain relatively intact. The startle response is a useful way to examine the precise nature of emotional deficits in neurological patients. In addition to a stereotyped defensive response (characterized by negative emotional facial behaviour and physiological activation), in many individuals it also evokes embarrassment, a self-conscious emotional response. Embarrassment seems to occur as t…
matched on Dementia (mesh)
Caregiver characteristics are associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia.
Objectives: To determine whether caregiver characteristics are independently associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia (NPS) after accounting for patient characteristics.
Design: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Medicare Alzheimer's Disease Demonstration and Evaluation study.
Setting: Community-dwelling residents in eight U.S. cities.
Participants: Five thousand seven hundred eighty-eight patients with dementia and their caregivers.
Measurements: Caregivers were asked about the presence of 12 NPS in patients with dementia. Caregiver predictors included age, sex, education, income, marital status, relationship to the patient, whether they lived with patient, number of hours per week spent caregiving, self-reported health, dependency in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), depression, and burden. Multivariate linear reg…
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Changes in hippocampal connectivity in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease: evidence from resting state fMRI.
A selective distribution of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological lesions in specific cortical layers isolates the hippocampus from the rest of the brain. However, functional connectivity between the hippocampus and other brain regions remains unclear in AD. Here, we employ a resting state functional MRI (fMRI) to examine changes in hippocampal connectivity comparing 13 patients with mild AD versus 13 healthy age-matched controls. Hippocampal connectivity was investigated by examination of the correlation between low frequency fMRI signal fluctuations in the hippocampus and those in all other brain regions. We found that functional connectivity between the right hippocampus and a set of regions was disrupted in AD; these regions are: medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), right inferotemporal cortex, right cuneus extending into precuneus, left cuneus, …
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The relation of entrapment, shame and guilt to depression, in carers of people with dementia.
There is increasing research exploring depression in carers of people with dementia. This study explored the relation of entrapment, shame and guilt to depression in a group of 70 carers of those with dementia. As in other studies the experience of entrapment in the role was highly related to depression. Moreover, experiences of shame relating to self-criticism, other people's expectations and the fear of their criticism were significantly related to depression, entrapment and guilt. Guilt however, as focused on the fears of harming others, letting others down and sense of responsibility, was not associated with depression or entrapment. Depression in carers may relate in part to feeling trapped in a role but also being vulnerable to criticism and feelings of inadequacy in that role. In this study, degree of behavioural disturbance/dependence was not found to be significantly associated …
matched on Dementia (mesh)
Dyadic intervention for family caregivers and care receivers in early-stage dementia.
Purpose: The Early Diagnosis Dyadic Intervention (EDDI) program provides a structured, time-limited protocol of one-on-one and dyadic counseling for family caregivers and care receivers who are in the early stages of dementia. The goals and procedures of EDDI are based on previous research suggesting that dyads would benefit from an intervention that increases the care receiver's active participation in his or her care plan, develops positive communication patterns between the caregiver and care receiver, increases knowledge and understanding about available services, and assists the dyad through the emotional turbulence of a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or other dementing condition.
Design and methods: EDDI was developed in response to research and clinical findings that suggested that care dyads in the early stages of dementia and dementia care are able to engage in a dialogue abou…
matched on Dementia (mesh)
Advance care planning and hospital in the nursing home.
Background: the number of nursing home residents (NHRs) in hospital is increasing although hospital admission may be deleterious to their health.
Objective: to evaluate a system of educating residents, their families, staff and general practitioners about outcomes of dementia, advance care planning (ACP) and hospital in the home.
Methods: we employed one clinical nurse consultant, who utilised the 'Let Me Decide' Advance Care Directive. The intervention area consisted of two hospitals and the 21 nursing homes (NHs) around them compared with another, geographically separate, hospital and the 13 homes around it. We conducted a controlled evaluation monitoring emergency admissions to hospital.
Results: emergency calls to the ambulance service from intervention NHs decreased (intervention versus control; -1 versus +21%; P = 0.0019). The risk of a resident being in an intervention hospital be…
matched on Dementia (mesh)
Coping strategies and anxiety in caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease: the LASER-AD study.
Background: Caregivers of people with dementia (CGPD) frequently have anxiety symptoms but little is known about the relationship of anxiety with coping strategies.
Method: 126 people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their family caregivers living in the community were recruited from local psychiatric services, the voluntary sector and care homes. Sampling was designed to ensure that the sample was epidemiologically representative in terms of dementia severity, gender and care setting. We used the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to measure anxiety and the Brief COPE to measure coping strategies.
Results: Use of dysfunctional coping strategies (Wald = 7.3, p = 0.007) and HADS depression caseness (Wald = 14.0, p < 0.001) were the only factors that predicted HADS anxiety caseness on logistic regression.
Limitations: Anxious caregivers may be more likely…
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Satisfaction with end-of-life care for nursing home residents with advanced dementia.
Objectives: To identify factors associated with satisfaction with care for healthcare proxies (HCPs) of nursing home (NH) residents with advanced dementia.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: Thirteen NHs in Boston.
Participants: One hundred forty-eight NH residents aged 65 and older with advanced dementia and their formally designated HCPs. MASUREMENTS: The dependent variable was HCPs' score on the Satisfaction With Care at the End of Life in Dementia (SWC-EOLD) scale (range 10-40; higher scores indicate greater satisfaction). Resident characteristics analyzed as independent variables were demographic information, functional and cognitive status, comfort, tube feeding, and advance care planning. HCP characteristics were demographic information, health status, mood, advance care planning, and communication. Multivariate stepwise linear regression was used to identify factors independ…
matched on Dementia (mesh)
Family caregivers' subjective experiences of satisfaction in dementia care: aspects of burden, subjective health and sense of coherence.
Family caregivers experience both positive and negative reactions in caregiving situations. There has been considerably less published about the positive aspects, however. The general aim of this study was to explore a previously developed instrument to study rewards gained by caregivers and to determine the factors associated with satisfaction in family members caring for patients with dementia living at home. The study group consisted of 153 such family members. Standardized interview schedules exploring different background characteristics, and instruments for assessment of the degree of dementia in the patients and the caregivers' total burden and degree of satisfaction were used. Factorial analysis of the Caregiver's Assessment of Satisfactions Index was performed and it became more specific for conditions of dementia when it was reduced. Stressors as measured by the Caregiver Burde…
matched on Dementia (mesh)
Decisions to hospitalize nursing home residents dying with advanced dementia.
Objectives: To describe the prevalence of, timing of, and factors associated with decisions not to hospitalize nursing home residents with advanced dementia who were dying.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Setting: Six hundred seventy five-bed nursing facility in Boston.
Participants: Two hundred forty residents in a teaching nursing home who died between January 2001 and December 2003 with advanced dementia.
Measurements: The prevalence and timing of do-not-hospitalize (DNH) orders were determined from the medical record. Data describing demographic characteristics, health conditions, advance care planning, sentinel events, and health services usage during the last 6 months of life were examined. Factors associated with having a DNH order were identified.
Results: At the time of death, 83.8% of subjects had a DNH order. The prevalence of DNH orders was 50.0% and 34.4%, 30 and 180 day…
matched on Dementia (mesh)
Genetic evidence for the associations of sleep patterns with cognitive function in older adults: insights from polygenic scores in the Taiwan biobank.
Background: Sleep traits have been linked to cognitive aging, but observational associations are susceptible to confounding and reverse causation. Using genetically informed polygenic risk scores (PRSs), this study examined associations between genetic liability to sleep traits and cognitive function in an East Asian population. We further assessed whether educational attainment, as a marker of cognitive reserve, modifies these associations.
Methods: Participants aged ≥ 60 years from the Taiwan Biobank underwent cognitive assessment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline (n = 27,343) and follow-up (n = 6,273; mean follow-up = 3.9 years). PRSs for chronotype, sleep duration, long sleep, short sleep, insomnia, and daytime napping were constructed. Associations with baseline MMSE and longitudinal MMSE change were evaluated, and PRS × education interactions were tested.
R…
matched on Cognitive Aging (keyword), cognitive decline (text)
Cognitive Decline After Divorce and Widowhood: Is Marital Loss Always a Loss?
Background and objectives: We used longitudinal data to determine whether the type of marital loss is associated with the rate of cognitive change before and after divorce or widowhood. Previous research found that relationship status was associated with older adults' cognitive performance: married persons performed better on memory assessments and had lower dementia risk than unmarried-cohabitating, never-married, divorced, and widowed persons. However, the end of a marriage may cause distress or reduce distress because a stressor disappears. Questions thus remain about the mechanisms by which marital change affects cognitive outcomes and, specifically, whether termination of marriage can improve cognitive performance for some.
Research design and methods: Using data from the 1998-2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 23,393), we conducted two analyses. First, we used traje…
matched on Dementia (keyword), cognitive decline (text)
The A-to-Z factors associated with cognitive impairment. Results of the DeCo study.
Introduction: Cognitive impairment (CI) is known to be mediated by several risk and protective factors, many of which are potentially modifiable. Therefore, it is important to have up-to-date studies that address a standard assessment of psychosocial, clinical and lifestyle variables.
Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study, with a 24-month timeframe, to estimate the relationship between risk and protective factors associated with dementia, according to the A-to-Z Dementia Knowledge. Participants were considered at CI risk if they tested positive for at least one of three validated CI screening tests: The Memory Impairment Screening, Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire, and Semantic Verbal Fluency. The A-to-Z data Collection included Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener and Geriatric Depression Scale.
Results: The estimated prevalence of CI was 22…
matched on Dementia (keyword), cognitive decline (text)
Environmental, Sociocultural, Behavioral, and Biological Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Types of Dementia in Black Americans.
Purpose of review: This narrative review summarizes environmental, sociocultural, behavioral, and biological factors associated with cognitive decline and dementia in Black Americans.
Recent findings: Variations in environmental factors (education, toxins) contribute to poor cognition in Blacks. Historical context, early-life educational experiences, and environmental exposures should be considered for addressing late-life cognitive disparities. Sociocultural (stress, discrimination, social networks, social activity, loneliness) and behavioral (depression, coping, health behaviors) factors can have positive and negative implications for cognitive aging. Given these factors are not consistently shown to play a role in maintaining cognition in Blacks, further examination is needed. Cardiometabolic conditions increase the risk of cognitive issues and are more common in Blacks; thus, examina…
matched on Cognitive Aging (keyword), cognitive decline (text)
Impact of cognitive impairment on activities of daily living among older adults of North India.
Background: Older persons are at risk of developing cognitive impairment, often considered a precursor to more severe conditions, such as dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive impairment among older adults is one of the most rapidly growing burdens, especially in developing countries.
Aim: To assess the impact of cognitive impairment on activities of daily living (ADL) among older adults.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 135 older adults visiting a selected tertiary care centre in Uttarakhand (India) during December 2020, recruited using total enumerative sampling. Data were collected using standardized and validated tools that consisted of socio-demographic information, Hindi Mental Status Examination, and Everyday Abilities Scale for India. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, including descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, an…
matched on Dementia (keyword), mild cognitive impairment (text)
Grit and successful aging in older adults.
Objectives: Grit is a noncognitive trait that has been shown to increase monotonically throughout adulthood and predict late-life cognitive performance. Less is known about the relation between grit and successful aging in older adults.
Method: Participants over 55-years-old (N = 185) completed a series of self-report surveys assessing demographics, grit (Short Grit Scale; Grit-S), physical and emotional functioning (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey; SF-36), and changes in cognitive functioning (Everyday Cognition; ECog). Principal component analysis of the Grit-S was conducted, and then Pearson product moment correlations and multiple linear regressions were used to assess the relations between grit, age, and measures of successful aging.
Results: Grit showed no association with age, even after controlling for education. Grit total score was positively associated with a v…
matched on Cognitive Aging (keyword), cognitive decline (text)