How feeling is noticed, tolerated, shifted or suppressed.
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676 to 700 of 3,214Effects of early life stress on cognitive and affective function: an integrated review of human literature.
Rationale: The investigation of putative effects of early life stress (ELS) in humans on later behavior and neurobiology is a fast developing field. While epidemiological and neurobiological studies paint a somber picture of negative outcomes, relatively little attention has been devoted to integrating the breadth of findings concerning possible cognitive and emotional deficits associated with ELS. Emerging findings from longitudinal studies examining developmental trajectories of the brain in healthy samples may provide a new framework to understand mechanisms underlying ELS sequelae.
Objective: The goal of this review was twofold. The first was to summarize findings from longitudinal data on normative brain development. The second was to utilize this framework of normative brain development to interpret changes in developmental trajectories associated with deficits in cognitive and aff…
matched on Affect (mesh), Emotions (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: evidence of brief mental training.
Although research has found that long-term mindfulness meditation practice promotes executive functioning and the ability to sustain attention, the effects of brief mindfulness meditation training have not been fully explored. We examined whether brief meditation training affects cognition and mood when compared to an active control group. After four sessions of either meditation training or listening to a recorded book, participants with no prior meditation experience were assessed with measures of mood, verbal fluency, visual coding, and working memory. Both interventions were effective at improving mood but only brief meditation training reduced fatigue, anxiety, and increased mindfulness. Moreover, brief mindfulness training significantly improved visuo-spatial processing, working memory, and executive functioning. Our findings suggest that 4days of meditation training can enhance th…
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Burgess HJ (2010)clinical trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of biological rhythms49 citations Partial sleep deprivation reduces phase advances to light in humans.
Partial sleep deprivation is increasingly common in modern society. This study examined for the first time if partial sleep deprivation alters circadian phase shifts to bright light in humans. Thirteen young healthy subjects participated in a repeated-measures counterbalanced design with 2 conditions. Each condition had baseline sleep, a dim-light circadian phase assessment, a 3-day phase-advancing protocol with morning bright light, then another phase assessment. In one condition (no sleep deprivation), subjects had an 8-h sleep opportunity per night during the advancing protocol. In the other condition (partial sleep deprivation), subjects were kept awake for 4 h in near darkness (<0.25 lux), immediately followed by a 4-h sleep opportunity per night during the advancing protocol. The morning bright light stimulus was four 30-min pulses of bright light (~5000 lux), separated by 30-min i…
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Pilot study: Mindful Eating and Living (MEAL): weight, eating behavior, and psychological outcomes associated with a mindfulness-based intervention for people with obesity.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to pilot a brief (6-week) group curriculum for providing mindfulness training to obese individuals, called Mindful Eating and Living (MEAL).
Setting and design: Participants were recruited through a local Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in spring 2006. Data was collected at three time points: baseline, completion of intervention (6 weeks), and 3-month follow-up (12 weeks).
Intervention: Six weekly two-hour group classes (with two monthly follow-up classes). Content included training in mindfulness meditation, mindful eating, and group discussion, with emphasis on awareness of body sensations, emotions, and triggers to overeat.
Main outcome measures: Key variables assessed included changes in weight, body-mass index (BMI), eating behavior, and psychological distress. In addition, physiological markers of cardiovascular risk were evaluated…
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Prefrontal-striatal pathway underlies cognitive regulation of craving.
The ability to control craving for substances that offer immediate rewards but whose long-term consumption may pose serious risks lies at the root of substance use disorders and is critical for mental and physical health. Despite its importance, the neural systems supporting this ability remain unclear. Here, we investigated this issue using functional imaging to examine neural activity in cigarette smokers, the most prevalent substance-dependent population in the United States, as they used cognitive strategies to regulate craving for cigarettes and food. We found that the cognitive down-regulation of craving was associated with (i) activity in regions previously associated with regulating emotion in particular and cognitive control in general, including dorsomedial, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices, and (ii) decreased activity in regions previously associated with cr…
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Intranasal oxytocin increases fathers' observed responsiveness during play with their children: a double-blind within-subject experiment.
Recent correlational studies showed that oxytocin is associated with parenting style in humans as in other mammals. Here the first double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject experiment with intranasal oxytocin administration is presented. Subjects were 17 fathers with their toddler, observed in two play sessions of 15 min each with an intervening period of 1 week. In the oxytocin condition fathers were more stimulating of their child's exploration than in the placebo condition, and they tended to show less hostility. Parent training experiments might be combined with intranasal oxytocin administration to test differential and cumulative effects of traditional, interaction-focused versus pharmaceutical treatments.
matched on Emotions (mesh)
Circadian rhythms and sleep in bipolar disorder.
Objective: Biological rhythm pathways are highlighted in a number of etiological models of bipolar disorder, and the management of circadian instability appears in consensus treatment guidelines. There are, however, significant conceptual and empirical limitations on our understanding of a hypothesised link between circadian, sleep, and emotion regulation processes in bipolar disorder. The aim of this article is to articulate the limits of scientific knowledge in relation to this hypothesis.
Methods: A critical evaluation of various literatures was undertaken. The basic science of circadian and sleep processes, their involvement in normal emotion regulation, and the types of evidence suggesting circadian/sleep involvement in bipolar disorder are reviewed.
Results: Multiple lines of evidence suggest that circadian and sleep-wake processes are causally involved in bipolar disorder. These p…
matched on Affect (mesh), Emotions (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Examining the protective effects of mindfulness training on working memory capacity and affective experience.
We investigated the impact of mindfulness training (MT) on working memory capacity (WMC) and affective experience. WMC is used in managing cognitive demands and regulating emotions. Yet, persistent and intensive demands, such as those experienced during high-stress intervals, may deplete WMC and lead to cognitive failures and emotional disturbances. We hypothesized that MT may mitigate these deleterious effects by bolstering WMC. We recruited 2 military cohorts during the high-stress predeployment interval and provided MT to 1 (MT, n = 31) but not the other group (military control group, MC, n = 17). The MT group attended an 8-week MT course and logged the amount of out-of-class time spent practicing formal MT exercises. The operation span task was used to index WMC at 2 testing sessions before and after the MT course. Although WMC remained stable over time in civilians (n = 12), it degr…
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Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy, and attitudes among primary care physicians.
Context: Primary care physicians report high levels of distress, which is linked to burnout, attrition, and poorer quality of care. Programs to reduce burnout before it results in impairment are rare; data on these programs are scarce.
Objective: To determine whether an intensive educational program in mindfulness, communication, and self-awareness is associated with improvement in primary care physicians' well-being, psychological distress, burnout, and capacity for relating to patients.
Design, setting, and participants: Before-and-after study of 70 primary care physicians in Rochester, New York, in a continuing medical education (CME) course in 2007-2008. The course included mindfulness meditation, self-awareness exercises, narratives about meaningful clinical experiences, appreciative interviews, didactic material, and discussion. An 8-week intensive phase (2.5 h/wk, 7-hour retreat) …
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Emotion recognition in borderline personality disorder-a review of the literature.
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by distinct impairments in emotion regulation, resulting in affective instability especially in the social context. It has been suggested that impaired social cognitive functioning such as impaired facial emotion recognition contributes to the social disturbances in BPD. In accordance with this notion, a number of behavioral studies have revealed a pattern of alterations in facial emotion recognition associated with BPD: subtle impairments in basic emotion recognition, a negativity or anger bias, and a heightened sensitivity to the detection of negative emotions. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence for structural and functional changes in the neural networks underlying affective dysregulation and emotional hyperreactivity in BPD. Merging these lines of evidence, we propose that emotional hyperreactivity interferes with the cogn…
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"I felt like a new person." the effects of mindfulness meditation on older adults with chronic pain: qualitative narrative analysis of diary entries.
Unlabelled: To identify the effects of mindfulness meditation on older adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP), we conducted a qualitative study based on grounded theory and used content analysis of diary entries from older adults who had participated in a clinical trial of an 8-week mindfulness meditation program. Participants were 27 adults > or = 65 years of age with CLBP of at least moderate severity and of at least 3 months duration. We found several themes reflecting the beneficial effects of mindfulness meditation on pain, attention, sleep, and achieving well-being. Various methods of pain reduction were used, including distraction, increased body awareness leading to behavior change, better pain coping, and direct pain reduction through meditation. Participants described improved attention skills. A number of participants reported improved sleep latency as well as quality of sle…
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Exogenous testosterone enhances responsiveness to social threat in the neural circuitry of social aggression in humans.
Background: In a range of species, the androgen steroid testosterone is known to potentiate neural circuits involved in intraspecific aggression. Disorders of impulsive aggression in humans have likewise been associated with high testosterone levels, but human evidence for the link between testosterone and aggression remains correlational and inconclusive.
Methods: Twelve female participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during three sessions while viewing stimuli differing in social threat value: angry and happy facial expressions. The first session served to establish associations between baseline hormone levels and neural activation. Participants were retested in a second and third session after placebo-controlled sublingual administration of .5 mg testosterone.
Results: Findings demonstrate consistent activation to angry versus happy faces in areas known to be invol…
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Cardiovascular, electrodermal, and respiratory response patterns to fear- and sadness-inducing films.
Responses to fear- and sadness-inducing films were assessed using a broad range of cardiovascular (heart rate, T-wave amplitude, low- and high-frequency heart rate variability, stroke volume, preejection period, left-ventricular ejection time, Heather index, blood pressure, pulse amplitude and transit time, and finger temperature), electrodermal (level, response rate, and response amplitude), and respiratory (rate, tidal volume and its variability, inspiratory flow rate, duty cycle, and end-tidal pCO(2)) measures. Subjective emotional experience and facial behavior (Corrugator Supercilii and Zygomaticus Major EMG) served as control measures. Results indicated robust differential physiological response patterns for fear, sadness, and neutral (mean classification accuracy 85%). Findings are discussed in terms of the fight-flight and conservation-withdrawal responses and possible limitation…
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One year pre-post intervention follow-up of psychological, immune, endocrine and blood pressure outcomes of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in breast and prostate cancer outpatients.
Objectives: This study investigated the ongoing effects of participation in a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on quality of life (QL), symptoms of stress, mood and endocrine, immune and autonomic parameters in early stage breast and prostate cancer patients.
Methods: Forty-nine patients with breast cancer and 10 with prostate cancer enrolled in an eight-week MBSR program that incorporated relaxation, meditation, gentle yoga and daily home practice. Demographic and health behaviors, QL, mood, stress symptoms, salivary cortisol levels, immune cell counts, intracellular cytokine production, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were assessed pre- and post-intervention, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up.
Results: Fifty-nine, 51, 47 and 41 patients were assessed pre- and post-intervention and at 6- and 12-month follow-up, respectively, although not all participants provided…
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The cognitive and neurophysiological basis of emotion dysregulation in bipolar disorder.
Background: Bipolar disorder is characterized by fluctuating affect and mood, and is associated with specific neurocognitive deficits consistent with neuropathology in cerebello-striatal-prefrontal neural networks. This network is critical for emotion regulation.
Methods: Relevant literature was located via PsychINFO and Medline to provide a comprehensive review of cognitive and neural mechanisms of social information processing and affect generation in bipolar disorder (BD) in the context of recent research examining the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation via conscious cognitive strategies.
Results: Emotion regulation relies on synergy within brainstem, limbic and cortical processes that promote the adaptive generation and regulation of affect, with prefrontal and cingulate regions inhibiting sub-cortical and cortical emotion processing systems in the cognitive control of emotional…
matched on Affect (mesh), Emotions (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Differential activation of the amygdala and the 'social brain' during fearful face-processing in Asperger Syndrome.
Impaired social cognition is a core feature of autism. There is much evidence showing people with autism use a different cognitive style than controls for face-processing. We tested if people with autism would show differential activation of social brain areas during a face-processing task. Thirteen adults with high-functioning autism or Asperger Syndrome (HFA/AS) and 13 matched controls. We used fMRI to investigate 'social brain' activity during perception of fearful faces. We employed stimuli known to reliably activate the amygdala and other social brain areas, and ROI analyses to investigate brain areas responding to facial threat as well as those showing a linear response to varying threat intensities. We predicted: (1) the HFA/AS group would show differential activation (as opposed to merely deficits) of the social brain compared to controls and (2) that social brain areas would res…
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Effects of naltrexone on alcohol sensitivity and genetic moderators of medication response: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.
Context: Clinical trials have suggested a modest effect of naltrexone as a pharmacotherapy for alcoholism, and a recent study has suggested that the effects may be moderated by variations in the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1). However, the mechanism by which naltrexone may be differentially effective as a function of the OPRM1 genotype is unclear.
Objectives: (1) To replicate and expand on the association between the A118G single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of the OPRM1 gene and alcohol sensitivity, (2) to examine the effects of naltrexone on alcohol sensitivity, and (3) to test the A118G SNP of the OPRM1 gene as a moderator of the effects of naltrexone on alcohol sensitivity.
Design: A within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled laboratory trial of naltrexone.
Setting: Participants were recruited from the community.
Participants: Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers were enrolled…
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Intentional modulation of emotional responding to unpleasant pictures: an ERP study.
Intentionally altering responses to unpleasant stimuli affects physiological and hemodynamic activity associated with emotional and cognitive processing. In the present experiment, we measured the late-positive potential (LPP) of the visually evoked event-related brain potential to examine the effects of intentional emotion modulation on electrophysiological correlates of emotional and cognitive processing. Seventeen participants received instructions to view, suppress, and enhance emotional responses to unpleasant stimuli. Results revealed significantly decreased electrophysiological activity during suppression of emotional responses beginning around 250 ms poststimulus and lasting several hundred milliseconds. These data suggest that ERPs are sensitive to emotion modulation/regulation processes.
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Emotion regulation in children and adolescents.
Within the past two decades, an "affect revolution" [Fischer and Tangney, Self-conscious Emotions: The Psychology of Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment, and Pride 1995:3-22] in research has revolutionized the ways in which emotion processes have been conceptualized and subsequently studied. This review discusses the literature on emotion regulation (ER) in childhood and adolescence by first summarizing the trajectory of emotional development from infancy through adolescence, followed by a discussion of the biological and environmental influences on ER, and then a review of the literature linking ER to psychosocial functioning. The penultimate section offers practical suggestions for identifying ER difficulties in children and strategies for intervention efforts. Potential areas for future research conclude the review.
matched on Affect (mesh), Emotions (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Behavioral and mood effects of snoezelen integrated into 24-hour dementia care.
Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of snoezelen, integrated in 24-hour daily care, on the behavior and mood of demented nursing home residents.
Design: Quasiexperimental pre- and posttest design.
Setting: Twelve psychogeriatric wards of six nursing homes, spread over different parts of the Netherlands.
Participants: One hundred twenty-five patients with moderate to severe dementia and care dependency were included in the pretest and 128 in the posttest; 61 were completers (included in both pre- and posttest).
Intervention: Experimental subjects received an individual 24-hour snoezel program, based on family history taking and stimulus preference screening. Caregivers were trained, and (organizational) adaptations were made to fulfill the conditions for resident-oriented snoezel care. The control group received usual nursing home care.
Measurements: Observations were made on the…
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Alexithymia and emotion regulation.
Background: Alexithymia is a key transdiagnostic risk factor for emotion-based psychopathologies. Conceptual models specify that this is because alexithymia impairs emotion regulation. However, the extent of these putative emotion regulation impairments remains underexplored. Our aim in this study was to begin to address this gap by examining whether people with high, average, or low levels of alexithymia differ in the types of emotion regulation strategies they typically use.
Method: General community adults from the United States (N = 501) completed a battery of alexithymia and emotion regulation measures. Participants were grouped into high, average, and low alexithymia quantiles.
Results: After controlling for demographics and current levels of distress, the high, average, and low alexithymia groups differed in their use of cognitive and behavioral emotion regulation strategies. Comp…
matched on Emotional Regulation (mesh), Emotions (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
Emotion regulation in everyday life: Mapping global self-reports to daily processes.
Recent theory conceptualizes emotion regulation as occurring across three stages: (a) identifying the need to regulate, (b) selecting a strategy, and (c) implementing that strategy to modify emotions. Yet, measurement of emotion regulation has not kept pace with these theoretical advances. In particular, widely used global self-report questionnaires are often assumed to index people's typical strategy selection tendencies. However, it is unclear how well global self-reports capture individual differences in strategy selection and/or whether they may also index other emotion regulation stages. To address this issue, we examined how global self-report measures correspond with the three stages of emotion regulation as modeled using daily life data. We analyzed data from nine daily diary and experience sampling studies (total N = 1,097), in which participants provided daily and global self-r…
matched on Emotional Regulation (mesh), Emotions (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
Differential Associations between Strategies of Emotion Regulation and Facets of Grit in College Students and Adults.
According to socioemotional selectivity theory, motivation influences emotion regulation. Grit is a motivation orientation defined by the passionate pursuit of long-term goals. We conducted two studies to determine the relation between facets of grit and two emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. In Study 1, we examined the relation between these variables in college students (20-24 year olds), and Study 2 focused on community adults (25-72 year olds). Facets of grit were assessed using the Short Grit Scale and habitual use of emotion regulation strategies was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. We combined data from both studies and conducted regression analyses to examine the role of each facet of grit, participant's age, and the interaction between age and facets of grit in the habitual use of either reappraisal or suppression…
matched on Emotional Regulation (mesh), Emotions (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
The relations between emotion regulation, depression and anxiety among medical staff during the late stage of COVID-19 pandemic: a network analysis.
Existing research proposed that moving from a disorder-level analysis to a symptom-level analysis may provide a more fine-grained understanding of psychopathology. This study aimed to explore the relations between two dimensions (i.e., cognitive reappraisal, CR; expressive suppression, ES) of emotion regulation and individual symptoms of depression and anxiety among medical staff during the late stage of COVID-19 pandemic. We examined depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms and emotion regulation among 420 medical staff during the late stage of COVID-19 pandemic via network analysis. Two networks (i.e. emotion regulation-depression network and emotion regulation-anxiety network) were constructed in the present study. Bridge centrality index was calculated for each variable within the two networks. Among the present sample, the prevalences of depression and anxiety are 39.5% and 26.0%. CR a…
matched on Emotional Regulation (mesh), Emotions (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
Psychological Transdiagnostic Processes in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery: A Scoping Review.
Objectives: To examine the extent to which psychological transdiagnostic processes have been investigated in relation to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) recovery outcomes, summarize methodological approaches, and evaluate consistency among transdiagnostic processes and outcome measures.
Data sources: Five databases (Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched from inception to October 2024. Eleven transdiagnostic processes were identified for inclusion based on a review of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses establishing transdiagnostic relevance across a range of psychological disorders: attentional bias, avoidance, emotion regulation, flexibility, interpretation bias, intolerance of uncertainty, neuroticism, perfectionism, repetitive negative thinking, self-discrepancy, and shame.
Study selecti…
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