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726 to 750 of 3,214Functional Neuroanatomy of Emotion and Its Regulation in PTSD.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a devastating disorder, linked to profound mental, physical, occupational, and functional impairment. In addition, it is a highly complex disorder, characterized by symptom heterogeneity across multiple domains. Nevertheless, emotion dysregulation arising from the exaggerated response to threat or from the inability to regulate negative emotional states plays a defining role in the pathophysiology of PTSD. In order to improve our understanding of how emotion dysregulation manifests in this illness, functional neuroimaging research over the past 20 years provides great insight into underlying neuroanatomy of each component of emotion dysregulation in the context of PTSD. While prior reviews exist on the topic of neuroimaging findings in PTSD, the present review synthesizes that work through the lens of emotion and its regulation. Studies that employ…
matched on Emotions (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text)
Selection and implementation of emotion regulation strategies in major depressive disorder: An integrative review.
Emotion regulation (ER), broadly defined, has been implicated in mental health, including major depressive disorder (MDD). We review empirical studies examining selection and implementation of ER strategies in adults with current or past MDD. We focus on eight strategies (rumination, distraction, cognitive reappraisal, suppression, acceptance, savoring, positive rumination, dampening), organizing the review by research design: (1) self-reported habitual use (i.e., trait) of ER strategies, (2) spontaneous use of ER strategies in laboratory settings, (3) experimentally instructed ER strategies, and (4) use of ER strategies in naturalistic settings. Reviewed findings suggest that MDD is associated with unskillful selection of ER strategies-indexed by self-reported habitual use of ER strategies-but not impaired abilities to implement them; in fact, those with current MDD and MDD in remission…
matched on Emotions (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text)
Mindful Emotion Regulation: Exploring the Neurocognitive Mechanisms behind Mindfulness.
The purpose of this paper is to review some of the psychological and neural mechanisms behind mindfulness practice in order to explore the unique factors that account for its positive impact on emotional regulation and health. After reviewing the mechanisms of mindfulness and its effects on clinical populations we will consider how the practice of mindfulness contributes to the regulation of emotions. We argue that mindfulness has achieved effective outcomes in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and other psychopathologies through the contribution of mindfulness to emotional regulation. We consider the unique factors that mindfulness meditation brings to the process of emotion regulation that may account for its effectiveness. We review experimental evidence that points towards the unique effects of mindfulness specifically operating over and above the regulatory effects of cognitive …
matched on Emotions (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text)
The mindful brain and emotion regulation in mood disorders.
Mindfulness involves nonjudgmental attention to present-moment experience. In its therapeutic forms, mindfulness interventions promote increased tolerance of negative affect and improved well-being. However, the neural mechanisms underlying mindful mood regulation are poorly understood. Mindfulness training appears to enhance focused attention, supported by the anterior cingulate cortex and the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). In emotion regulation, these PFC changes promote the stable recruitment of a nonconceptual sensory pathway, an alternative to conventional attempts to cognitively reappraise negative emotion. In neural terms, the transition to nonconceptual awareness involves reducing evaluative processing, supported by midline structures of the PFC. Instead, attentional resources are directed toward a limbic pathway for present-moment sensory awareness, involving the thalamus, ins…
matched on Emotions (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text)
Examining emotional tool use in daily life.
Emotions such as anger, gratitude, envy, and pride can be thought of as tools: They tend to serve context-specific functions in daily life. Prior work has shown that people can use emotions as tools in laboratory contexts, yet it is unclear whether people do use emotions as tools in daily life by intentionally trying to feel or express emotions that could yield context-specific beneficial outcomes. We examined this issue in 6 studies (total N = 1,409) in which participants (a) identified scenarios where specific emotions typically function as tools, (b) recalled episodes of emotional tool use, and (c) reported on emotional tool use in daily life via experience-sampling under experimental instructions. We found that people regularly used emotions as tools in daily life, but that people used positive emotions as tools much more frequently than negative emotions. Yet, when people used posit…
matched on Emotional Regulation (mesh), Emotions (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Emotion regulation interacts with gambling motives to predict problem gambling among emerging adults.
Background: It is presently estimated that as much as 10% of emerging adults are at risk for a gambling disorder. The consequences stemming from problematic gambling engagement include increased substance use, mental health disorders, suicidality, financial strain and legal issues. The present study explores whether deficits in specific dimensions of emotion regulation coupled with the motivation to escape negative emotions (i.e., coping motives) increases the likelihood of problem gambling severity, while controlling for variables such as gambling frequency, age, and sex.
Methods: A sample of 919 emerging adult gamblers (Mage = 21.16 years-old, SD = 2.90, 48.1% female) completed an online survey including an assessment of problematic engagement in gambling over the past year, gambling motivations, and difficulties in emotion regulation. In total, 15.2% and 8.1% of this sample were at mo…
matched on Emotional Regulation (mesh), Emotions (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Sleep and emotion regulation: An organizing, integrative review.
A growing body of research suggests that disrupted sleep is a robust risk and maintenance factor for a range of psychiatric conditions. One explanatory mechanism linking sleep and psychological health is emotion regulation. However, numerous components embedded within this construct create both conceptual and empirical challenges to the study of emotion regulation. These challenges are reflected in most sleep-emotion research by way of poor delineation of constructs and insufficient distinction among emotional processes. Most notably, a majority of research has focused on emotions generated as a consequence of inadequate sleep rather than underlying regulatory processes that may alter these experiences. The current review utilizes the process model of emotion regulation as an organizing framework for examining the impact of sleep upon various aspects of emotional experiences. Evidence is…
matched on Emotions (mesh), emotion regulation (text), Affect (keyword)
The neurobiology of the emotional adolescent: From the inside out.
Adolescents are commonly portrayed as highly emotional, with their behaviors often hijacked by their emotions. Research on the neural substrates of adolescent affective behavior is beginning to paint a more nuanced picture of how neurodevelopmental changes in brain function influence affective behavior, and how these influences are modulated by external factors in the environment. Recent neurodevelopmental models suggest that the brain is designed to promote emotion regulation, learning, and affiliation across development, and that affective behavior reciprocally interacts with age-specific social demands and different social contexts. In this review, we discuss current findings on neurobiological mechanisms of adolescents' affective behavior and highlight individual differences in and social-contextual influences on adolescents' emotionality. Neurobiological mechanisms of affective proc…
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Dimensions of emotion dysregulation in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A conceptual review of the empirical literature.
Several existing conceptual models and psychological interventions address or emphasize the role of emotion dysregulation in eating disorders. The current article uses Gratz and Roemer's (2004) multidimensional model of emotion regulation and dysregulation as a clinically relevant framework to review the extant literature on emotion dysregulation in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Specifically, the dimensions reviewed include: (1) the flexible use of adaptive and situationally appropriate strategies to modulate the duration and/or intensity of emotional responses, (2) the ability to successfully inhibit impulsive behavior and maintain goal-directed behavior in the context of emotional distress, (3) awareness, clarity, and acceptance of emotional states, and (4) the willingness to experience emotional distress in the pursuit of meaningful activities. The current review sug…
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Temptation as a key driver between affective states and usage outcomes of problematic usage of the Internet: A 14-day ambulatory assessment study.
Theoretical models of problematic usage of the Internet (PUI) assume that stress and negative mood can trigger cravings and desires as central drivers to use certain online applications that are expected to provide pleasure and relief, which increases the likelihood of use. Learning and reinforcement mechanisms can result in increased and uncontrolled Internet use, that manifests itself in the form of, for example, neglecting important areas of life like relationships or work. To test these associations in a natural environment, we conducted a 14-day ambulatory end-of-day assessment together with a diagnostic interview at baseline to identify different severity levels of PUI. The sample (N = 900) was part of a multi-center study (FOR2974) including participants who engaged in at least one of the following online activities: gaming, pornography use, social network use, or buying-shopping …
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Psilocybin microdosers demonstrate greater observed improvements in mood and mental health at one month relative to non-microdosing controls.
Psilocybin microdosing involves repeated self-administration of mushrooms containing psilocybin at doses small enough to not impact regular functioning. Microdose practices are diverse and include combining psilocybin with substances such as lion's mane mushrooms (Hericium erinaceus; HE) and niacin (vitamin-B3). Public uptake of microdosing has outpaced evidence, mandating further prospective research. Using a naturalistic, observational design, we followed psilocybin microdosers (n = 953) and non-microdosing comparators (n = 180) for approximately 30 days and identified small- to medium-sized improvements in mood and mental health that were generally consistent across gender, age and presence of mental health concerns, as we all as improvements in psychomotor performance that were specific to older adults. Supplementary analyses indicated that combining psilocybin with HE and B3 did not…
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Ji Q, Raney AA (2020)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPloS one3 citations Developing and validating the self-transcendent emotion dictionary for text analysis.
Recent years have seen a growing amount of research effort directed toward what positive media psychologists refer to as self-transcendent emotions, such as awe, admiration, elevation, gratitude, inspiration, and hope. While these emotions are invaluable to promote greater human connectedness, prosociality, and human flourishing, researchers are constrained in terms of analyzing self-transcendent emotions as expressed in spoken and written languages. Drawing upon the word-counting approach of the text analysis paradigm, this project aimed at constructing a dictionary tool-Self-Transcendent Emotion Dictionary (STED)-which can be uploaded into mainstream, text analytic software (e.g., LIWC) to identify and analyze self-transcendent emotions in large corpora. This dictionary tool was then refined and validated via three studies, where individual words were first rated with regard to their f…
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Amatori S, Donati Zeppa S, Preti A, Gervasi M, Gobbi E, Ferrini F, Rocchi MBL, Baldari C, Perroni F, Piccoli G, Stocchi V, Sestili P, Sisti D (2020)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usNutrients71 citations Dietary Habits and Psychological States during COVID-19 Home Isolation in Italian College Students: The Role of Physical Exercise.
Social isolation has adverse effects on mental health, physical exercise, and dietary habits. This longitudinal observational study aimed to investigate the effects of mood states and exercise on nutritional choices, on 176 college students (92 males, 84 females; 23 ± 4 years old) during the COVID-19 lockdown. During 21 days, nutrition and exercise were daily monitored, and the mood states assessed. A factor analysis was used to reduce the number of nutritional variables collected. The relationships between exercise, mood and nutrition were investigated using a multivariate general linear model and a mediation model. Seven factors were found, reflecting different nutritional choices. Exercise was positively associated with fruit, vegetables and fish consumption (p = 0.004). Depression and quality of life were, directly and inversely, associated with cereals, legumes (p = 0.005; p = 0.004…
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Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Gratitude at Work Scale (GAWS).
Objectives: Workplace gratitude is important for improving work-related outcomes and individual well-being. Although the gratitude at work scale (GAWS) was developed in the United States, it has not been corroborated in Asian countries with interdependent cultures. This study aimed to develop and validate the GAWS among Japanese workers.
Method: Japanese workers completed online surveys at baseline (N = 206) and 2 weeks later (N = 103). The Japanese GAWS was developed according to the international guidelines. We measured (a) trait gratitude as comparison for the criterion-related validity, (b) work-related outcomes/factors (eg, work engagement), and (c) well-being (eg, eudemonic well-being at work) as comparisons for convergent validity. Cronbach's alpha, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), and measurement errors were calculated to assess reliability; measurement validity was e…
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Esposito V, Rania E, Lico D, Pedri S, Fiorenza A, Strati MF, Conforti A, Marrone V, Carosso A, Revelli A, Zullo F, Di Carlo C, Venturella R (2020)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usEuropean journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology49 citations Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological status of infertile couples.
Objective(s): to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on infertile couples' emotions, anxiety and future plans.
Study design: An observational study was perfomed by Italian ART centers and online forums. In this study, infertile couples candidate to ART and whose treatment was blocked due to the COVID-19 lockdown were enrolled through an online survey. The psychological impact of COVID-19 was measured by Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and by a short form of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); Self-perceived anxiety related either to pregnancy safety and to economic crisis measured by VAS scale.
Results: 627 patients completed the survey. The COVID-19 lock-down had a moderate/severe psychological impact on infertile patients (mean IES-R score 36.4 ± 16.6). The mean STAI score was 49.8 ± 15.3, with an overall incidence of STAI > 36 of 71 %. The mean VAS sca…
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Cocchiaro T, Meneghini C, Dal Lago A, Fabiani C, Amodei M, Miriello D, Crisafulli ML, Meneghini C, Capone B, Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, La Vignera S, Calogero AE, Lenzi A, Rago R (2020)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of endocrinological investigation14 citations Assessment of sexual and emotional distress in infertile couple: validation of a new specific psychometric tool.
Background: The diagnosis of infertility strongly impacts on psychological and sexological couple health. In this regard, some feelings and psychological states were demonstrated in association with reproductive problems. Depression and anxiety are the most common psychopathologies associated with infertility, although also sexuality is strongly involved in infertility conditions.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop a tool to probe and assess the emotional aspects, sexuality, and social relationships of the couple seeking medical care for infertility.
Materials and methods: A self-reported questionnaire that we will refer to as SEIq (Sexuality and Emotions in Infertility questionnaire) was constructed and developed and, consequently, administered to 162 heterosexual couples (324 subjects) seeking help for reproductive problems. Hence, we performed a specific statistical analy…
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Compared to Facebook, Instagram use causes more appearance comparison and lower body satisfaction in college women.
The current experiment tested the effect of social media use on college women's appearance comparisons, mood, and body satisfaction. We randomly assigned 308 undergraduate women (aged 18-26) to use Facebook, use Instagram, or play a matching game (the control condition) on an iPad for seven minutes. Compared to the Facebook condition, Instagram users retrospectively reported spending more time viewing images or videos containing people. Participants in both the Facebook and Instagram conditions also retrospectively reported engaging in more appearance comparisons relative to those in the control condition, but Instagram users reported significantly more appearance comparisons than those in the Facebook condition. Those who used Instagram, but not Facebook, showed decreased body satisfaction, decreased positive affect, and increased negative affect. Results are consistent with previous re…
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Communication in Pediatric Oncology: A Qualitative Study.
Background: When children are seriously ill, parents rely on communication with their clinicians. However, in previous research, researchers have not defined how this communication should function in pediatric oncology. We aimed to identify these communication functions from parental perspectives.
Methods: Semistructured interviews with 78 parents of children with cancer from 3 academic medical centers at 1 of 3 time points: treatment, survivorship, or bereavement. We analyzed interview transcripts using inductive and deductive coding.
Results: We identified 8 distinct functions of communication in pediatric oncology. Six of these functions are similar to previous findings from adult oncology: (1) building relationships, (2) exchanging information, (3) enabling family self-management, (4) making decisions, (5) managing uncertainty, and (6) responding to emotions. We also identified 2 fun…
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Sleep deprivation selectively enhances interpersonal emotion recognition from dynamic facial expressions at long viewing times: An observational study.
Observational and experimental studies have shown that sleep deprivation disinhibits emotional responses to disturbing and rewarding external events. On the other hand, most studies on sleep deprivation and interpersonal emotion recognition report that sensitivity to others' emotions is dampened during sleep deprivation. This is at odds with current neuroscientific theories of social cognition that assume that affective experiences and emotion recognition in others are closely tied at the neural and physiological level. In this observational study we show that sleep deprivation can actually increase emotion recognition accuracy from dynamically unfolding facial expressions if they are viewed sufficiently long. Participants viewed 2-4 s or 8-10s video clips of female senders who facially communicated anger, disgust, fear or sadness to their romantic partner and evaluated the sender's affe…
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Perceptions of Community Norms and Youths' Reactive and Proactive Dating and Sexual Violence Bystander Action.
There is enthusiasm for programs that promote bystander intervention to prevent dating and sexual violence (DSV). However, more information about what facilitates or inhibits bystander behavior in DSV situations is needed. The present cross-sectional survey study investigated whether youth perceptions of adults' behavior and community norms were associated with how frequently youth took action and intervened in DSV situations or to prevent DSV. Specifically, study hypotheses were that youths' perceptions of community-level variables, such as adults' willingness to help victims of DSV or prevent DSV, perceptions of community collective efficacy, and perceptions of community descriptive and injunctive norms disapproving of DSV and supporting DSV prevention, would be associated with how frequently youths took reactive and proactive bystander action. Participants were 2172 students from four…
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What are the physical and psychological health effects of suicide bereavement on family members? An observational and interview mixed-methods study in Ireland.
Objectives: Research focussing on the impact of suicide bereavement on family members' physical and psychological health is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine how family members have been physically and psychologically affected following suicide bereavement. A secondary objective of the study was to describe the needs of family members bereaved by suicide.
Design: A mixed-methods study was conducted, using qualitative semistructured interviews and additional quantitative self-report measures of depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21).
Setting: Consecutive suicide cases and next-of-kin were identified by examining coroner's records in Cork City and County, Ireland from October 2014 to May 2016.
Participants: Eighteen family members bereaved by suicide took part in a qualitative interview. They were recruited from the Suicide Support and Information System: A Case-Control Study …
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Dialectical behaviour therapy for treating adults and adolescents with emotional and behavioural dysregulation: study protocol of a coordinated implementation in a publicly funded health service.
Background: In the Republic of Ireland, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a feature of approximately 11-20% of clinical presentations to outpatient clinics within mental health services. These estimates are similar to other countries including the UK and USA. Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is an intervention with a growing body of evidence that demonstrates its efficacy in treating individuals diagnosed with BPD. While a number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the efficacy of DBT, there is limited research which evaluates the effectiveness of this model when applied to real world settings. Funding was secured to co-ordinate DBT training in public community-based mental health services across Ireland. As no other study has evaluated a co-ordinated national implementation of DBT, the current study proposes to investigate the effectiveness of DBT in both …
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Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Brazilian version of the Beliefs about Emotions Scale.
Introduction Beliefs about the unacceptability of expression and experience of emotion are present in the general population but seem to be more prevalent in patients with a number of health conditions. Such beliefs, which may be viewed as a form of perfectionism about emotions, may have a deleterious effect on symptomatology as well as on treatment adherence and outcome. Nevertheless, few questionnaires have been developed to measure such beliefs about emotions, and no instrument has been validated in a developing country. The current study adapted and validated the Beliefs about Emotions Scale in a Brazilian sample. Methods The adaptation procedure included translation, back-translation and analysis of the content, with the final Brazilian Portuguese version of the scale being tested online in a sample of 645 participants. Internal consistency of the scale was very high and results of …
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Differentiating the everyday emotion dynamics of borderline personality disorder from major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
A major barrier to the understanding of emotion dynamics in borderline personality disorder (BPD) lies in its substantial comorbidity with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Whereas BPD has often been characterized in terms of dynamic emotional processes, including instability, reactivity, and inertia, its substantial comorbidity with MDD and BD makes it difficult to discern the specificity of these dynamics. To differentiate the emotion dynamics of BPD from those of MDD and BD, an experience sampling study of 38 participants with BPD, 15 participants with MDD, 14 participants with BD, and 62 healthy controls obtained reports of interpersonal challenges and emotions 5 times daily for 2 weeks. Interpersonal challenges included rejection, betrayal, abandonment, offense, disappointment, and self-image challenge; emotions included anger, excitement, guilt, happiness, …
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The complex experience of child pornography survivors.
This research explores the complex experiences of survivors of child pornography production. The study was conducted among a convenience sample of child pornography adult survivors (N = 133), using an online survey which included a series of open-ended questions. Nearly half of respondents reported that they felt the production of sexual images caused specific problems that were different from the problems caused by other aspects of the abuse. Nearly half of the sample worried all the time that people would think they were willing participants or that people would recognize them, one-third refused to talk about the images and 22% denied there were images. The qualitative analysis identified three major themes which emerged from the survivor's perspective as adults: Guilt and shame, their ongoing vulnerability and an empowerment dimension the images sometimes brought. Recommendations for …
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