How feeling is noticed, tolerated, shifted or suppressed.
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876 to 900 of 3,214Thoits PA (2011)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of health and social behavior1,745 citations Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health.
Over the past 30 years investigators have called repeatedly for research on the mechanisms through which social relationships and social support improve physical and psychological well-being, both directly and as stress buffers. I describe seven possible mechanisms: social influence/social comparison, social control, role-based purpose and meaning (mattering), self-esteem, sense of control, belonging and companionship, and perceived support availability. Stress-buffering processes also involve these mechanisms. I argue that there are two broad types of support, emotional sustenance and active coping assistance, and two broad categories of supporters, significant others and experientially similar others, who specialize in supplying different types of support to distressed individuals. Emotionally sustaining behaviors and instrumental aid from significant others and empathy, active coping …
matched on Emotions (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh)
Coping strategies in chronic pain.
Patients with chronic pain need strategies to manage their pain and its impact, also known as coping. Coping is not restricted to one dimension of functioning; it involves virtually every dimension of human functioning: cognitive, affective, behavioral, and physiological. We review the literature on coping strategies for chronic pain, including concept and types of coping (eg, religious, social, psychological), as well as coping-with-pain questionnaires, studies available, other topics of interest, interventions to enhance coping with pain, and future directions in this field.
matched on Affect (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh)
Positive affect and psychobiological processes relevant to health.
Empirical evidence suggests that there are marked associations between positive psychological states and health outcomes, including reduced cardiovascular disease risk and increased resistance to infection. These observations have stimulated the investigation of behavioral and biological processes that might mediate protective effects. Evidence linking positive affect with health behaviors has been mixed, though recent cross-cultural research has documented associations with exercising regularly, not smoking, and prudent diet. At the biological level, cortisol output has been consistently shown to be lower among individuals reporting positive affect, and favorable associations with heart rate, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 have also been described. Importantly, these relationships are independent of negative affect and depressed mood, suggesting that posi…
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The bright side of being blue: depression as an adaptation for analyzing complex problems.
Depression is the primary emotional condition for which help is sought. Depressed people often report persistent rumination, which involves analysis, and complex social problems in their lives. Analysis is often a useful approach for solving complex problems, but it requires slow, sustained processing, so disruption would interfere with problem solving. The analytical rumination hypothesis proposes that depression is an evolved response to complex problems, whose function is to minimize disruption and sustain analysis of those problems by (a) giving the triggering problem prioritized access to processing resources, (b) reducing the desire to engage in distracting activities (anhedonia), and (c) producing psychomotor changes that reduce exposure to distracting stimuli. As processing resources are limited, sustained analysis of the triggering problem reduces the ability to concentrate on o…
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Gender differences in the psychosocial experience of parents of children with cancer: a review of the literature.
Objective: To build a descriptive literature base of investigated and identified gender differences in the psychosocial experience of parents of children with cancer, in order to guide future research in this area.
Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted using Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE databases. Thirty papers were included in the review. Themes from these papers were identified, and on this basis, the review findings were grouped according to five main outcome categories: role perceptions, illness beliefs, psychological distress, coping strategies and perceptions of marital, family and child functioning.
Results: Few gender differences were found in perceptions of marital, family and child functioning. There was a tendency toward traditional gender roles in the division of parental tasks. Findings in relation to parent psychological distress and preferred coping…
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A review of couple-based interventions for enhancing women's sexual adjustment and body image after cancer.
Despite the growing interest in couple-based interventions for women with cancer, only few of these interventions primarily focus on improving women's sexual and body image. A review of studies that investigated the impact of an intervention on women's sexual adjustment and/or body image was conducted. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria for this review: 8 randomized control trials, 2 pilot randomized control trials, and 2 quasi-experimental designs. Our analysis revealed that interventions that produce stronger effects tend to be couple-focused and include treatment components that (1) educate both partners about the woman's diagnosis and treatments, (2) promote couples' mutual coping and support processes, and (3) include specific sexual therapy techniques to address sexual and body image concerns. Future intervention research should incorporate randomized, controlled clinical trial …
matched on Affect (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh)
A roadmap to rumination: a review of the definition, assessment, and conceptualization of this multifaceted construct.
Rumination has been widely studied and is a crucial component in the study of cognitive vulnerabilities to depression. However, rumination means different things in the context of different theories, and has not been uniformly defined or measured. This article aims to review models of rumination, as well as the various ways in which it is assessed. The models are compared and contrasted with respect to several important dimensions of rumination. Guidelines to consider in the selection of a model and measure of rumination are presented, and suggestions for the conceptualization of rumination are offered. In addition, rumination's relation to other similar constructs is evaluated. Finally, future directions for the study of ruminative phenomena are presented. It is hoped that this article will be a useful guide to those interested in studying the multi-faceted construct of rumination.
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Chaudhry HR (2008)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usInternational review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England)16 citations Psychiatric care in Asia: spirituality and religious connotations.
Throughout the history of humanity it has been said that the individual ego, is a very limited form of identity. Spirituality is shaped by larger social circumstances and by the beliefs and values present in the wider culture. In Asia, as compared to other regions, people fall back on spiritualism. Mental health professionals, laymen and patients have great interest in spirituality and religious activities but still it is one of the most neglected fields of life. Spirituality and religion often are used interchangeably and it has also been described as an individual search for meaning. In psychiatry, religion and spirituality play a vital role in an individual's personal and social life. They are part of a very powerful medium to help in the healing process. Spiritual people know the meaning and goal of their life, have strong belief and firm faith in God or themselves, they can easily c…
matched on Affect (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh)
Do positive psychosocial factors predict disease progression in HIV-1? A review of the evidence.
Adding to a traditional stress perspective, behavioral medicine has been focusing increasingly on investigating the potential impact of positive psychosocial factors on disease course in HIV. Dispositional optimism, active coping, and spirituality show the most evidence for predicting slower disease progression, although the data are not entirely consistent. Findings for the role of social support are mixed, although indications are that it may be particularly helpful at later stages of illness. Many of the other constructs (positive affect, finding meaning, emotional expression/processing, openness, extraversion, conscientiousness, altruism, and self-efficacy) have only been examined in one or two studies; results are preliminary but suggestive of protective effects. Plausible behavioral and biological mechanisms are discussed (including health behaviors, neurohormones, and immune measu…
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Inducing and modulating intrusive emotional memories: a review of the trauma film paradigm.
Highly affect-laden memory intrusions are a feature of several psychological disorders with intrusive images of trauma especially associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The trauma film paradigm provides a prospective experimental tool for investigating analogue peri-traumatic cognitive mechanisms underlying intrusion development. We review several historical papers and some more recent key studies that have used the trauma film paradigm. A heuristic diagram is presented, designed to simplify predictions about analogue peri-traumatic processing and intrusion development, which can also be related to the processing elements of recent cognitive models of PTSD. Results show intrusions can be induced in the laboratory and their frequency amplified/attenuated in line with predictions. Successful manipulations include competing task type (visuospatial vs. verbal) and use of a co…
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Lee V (2008)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usSupportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer96 citations The existential plight of cancer: meaning making as a concrete approach to the intangible search for meaning.
Introduction: Despite modern advances that have led to improved prognoses and symptom management, a cancer diagnosis continues to evoke images of pain, suffering, and death.
Discussion: The current literature suggests that the "existential plight of cancer" refers to what is now commonly known as the "search for meaning" following a cancer experience. Mounting evidence suggests that global meaning-defined as the general sense that one's life has order and purpose--is a key determinant of overall quality of life. It provides the motivation for people with cancer to re-engage in life amongst a bewildering array of physical, psychosocial, social, spiritual, and existential changes imposed by the disease. Health care providers are inherently involved in their patients' search for global meaning. Yet, few empirical studies have operationalized how this search can be achieved.
Conclusion: The …
matched on Emotions (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh)
A longitudinal analysis of emotional impact, coping strategies and post-traumatic psychological growth following spinal cord injury: a 10-year review.
Objectives: To review emotional impact, psychological growth and coping strategies in a sample of traumatic spinal cord injured people from 12 weeks post-injury to 10 years post-hospital discharge.
Design: Longitudinal, multiple wave panel design.
Methods: Eighty-seven people with traumatically acquired spinal cord injuries were assessed at 12 weeks post-injury and followed up 10 years later (43% of the original sample responded). The Beck Depression Inventory, the State Anxiety Inventory, the COPE Scale, the Functional Independence Measure and the Social Support Inventory were completed on both occasions.
Results: Rates of anxiety and depression had changed little over the 10-year period. Two-thirds of the sample showed no signs or symptoms of depression. Coping strategies remained relatively stable over time, statistically significant regression models (coping strategies at week 12 pos…
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Cutuli D (2014)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usFrontiers in systems neuroscience239 citations Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies role in the emotion regulation: an overview on their modulatory effects and neural correlates.
Individuals regulate their emotions in a wide variety of ways. In the present review it has been addressed the issue of whether some forms of emotion regulation are healthier than others by focusing on two commonly used emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal (changing the way one thinks about potentially emotion-eliciting events) and expressive suppression (changing the way one behaviorally responds to emotion-eliciting events). In the first section, experimental findings showing that cognitive reappraisal has a healthier profile of short-term affective, cognitive, and social consequences than expressive suppression are briefly reported. In the second section, individual-difference findings are reviewed showing that using cognitive reappraisal to regulate emotions is associated with healthier patterns of affect, social functioning, and well-being than is using expressive su…
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Individual differences in cognitive control processes and their relationship to emotion regulation.
Cognitive control and emotional control share many similarities, but the specific relationship between these processes is not well understood. This study explored the relationship between three types of cognitive control (working memory updating, response inhibition and set-shifting) and two emotional regulation strategies (expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal). Corrugator electromyography, behaviour and self-reports of affect were measured as indices of emotion regulation. Results indicate that working memory updating predicted negative affect reduction during reappraisal and during expressive suppression. This study specifically shows that the working memory component of cognitive control is associated with negative affect reduction. Response inhibition and set-shifting were not specifically related to negative affect reduction, but these variables did predict aspects of em…
matched on Affect (mesh), Emotions (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
Reappraisal but not suppression downregulates the experience of positive and negative emotion.
The emotion regulation literature is growing exponentially, but there is limited understanding of the comparative strengths of emotion regulation strategies in downregulating positive emotional experiences. The present research made the first systematic investigation examining the consequences of using expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal strategies to downregulate positive and negative emotion within a single design. Two experiments with over 1,300 participants demonstrated that reappraisal successfully reduced the experience of negative and positive affect compared with suppression and control conditions. Suppression did not reduce the experience of either positive or negative emotion relative to the control condition. This finding provides evidence against the assumption that expressive suppression reduces the experience of positive emotion. This work speaks to an emerging…
matched on Affect (mesh), Emotions (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
Emotion regulation moderates the association between empathy and prosocial behavior.
Theory and evidence suggest that empathy is an important motivating factor for prosocial behaviour and that emotion regulation, i.e. the capacity to exert control over an emotional response, may moderate the degree to which empathy is associated with prosocial behaviour. However, studies to date have not simultaneously explored the associations between different empathic processes and prosocial behaviour, nor whether different types of emotion regulation strategies (e.g. cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) moderate associations between empathy and prosocial behaviour. One hundred-and-ten healthy adults completed questionnaire measures of empathy, emotion regulation and prosocial tendencies. In this sample, both affective and cognitive empathy predicted self-reported prosocial tendencies. In addition, cognitive reappraisal moderated the association between affective empathy …
matched on Affect (mesh), Emotions (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
Look before you regulate: differential perceptual strategies underlying expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal.
Successful emotion regulation is important for maintaining psychological well-being. Although it is known that emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, may have divergent consequences for emotional responses, the cognitive processes underlying these differences remain unclear. Here we used eye-tracking to investigate the role of attentional deployment in emotion regulation success. We hypothesized that differences in the deployment of attention to emotional areas of complex visual scenes may be a contributing factor to the differential effects of these two strategies on emotional experience. Eye-movements, pupil size, and self-reported negative emotional experience were measured while healthy young adult participants viewed negative IAPS images and regulated their emotional responses using either cognitive reappraisal or expressive suppress…
matched on Affect (mesh), Emotions (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
An examination of emotion regulation, temperament, and parenting style as potential predictors of adolescent depression risk status: a correlational study.
Given that depression is a debilitating disorder, it is critical that we advance our understanding about the aetiology of this disorder. This study investigated both traditional (temperament and parenting) and novel (emotion regulation strategy) risk factors associated with adolescent depression. Forty-four adolescents (12-16 years; 64% females) with high scores on a self-report depressive symptomatology questionnaire were compared to a similar group of 44 adolescents with low scores, matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. Significant group differences were present on all assessed risk factors. The presence of high depressive symptomatology was found to be associated with (1) low levels of temperamentally based positive mood, flexibility, and approach behaviours, (2) a parenting style characterized by low nurturance and high overprotection, and (3) emotion regulation characterized by hi…
matched on Affect (mesh), Emotions (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
Retinal light perception and biological rhythms: The role of light in sleep and mood from an ophthalmic perspective (Review).
Light is the paramount environmental signal for the entrainment of endogenous circadian rhythms. Its non‑visual effects, mediated by the retina, exert a profound control over human sleep, mood and systemic physiological homeostasis. Beyond its canonical function in image formation, the retina operates as a primary irradiance detector through a specialized class of neurons, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which utilize the photopigment melanopsin. These cells convey environmental light information directly to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain's master circadian pacemaker, thereby synchronizing the body's internal timekeeping with the external solar cycle. Compelling evidence demonstrates that the spectral quality of light, particularly within the short‑wavelength blue range, potently modulates neuroendocrine and neural systems via the ipRGC pat…
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Förster K, Kanske P (2022)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usInternational journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology17 citations Upregulating positive affect through compassion: Psychological and physiological evidence.
Positive emotion regulation, that is, upregulating, maintaining, and savoring positive emotions, also bears the potential to counteract and thus mitigate negative affect. In this narrative review, we report on the social emotion of compassion as a particularly efficient form of positive emotion regulation. Compassion emerges as an affiliative response to the suffering of others. It is characterized by feelings of warmth and kindness and an initiation of prosocial caring behavior towards others. The inherent positivity of compassion is also in line with its related neural correlates. Compassion is associated with activity in the ventral striatum, the (subgenual) anterior cingulate cortex, and the orbitofrontal cortex, brain regions related to strong positive emotions, such as romantic and maternal love. In addition to its long tradition in Eastern philosophy, the practice of compassion ha…
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Galván A (2020)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usTrends in cognitive sciences94 citations The Need for Sleep in the Adolescent Brain.
Sleep is a basic need. Mounting evidence suggests this is particularly true during adolescence, a developmental period involving substantial changes in the brain regions supporting cognition, learning, and emotion. Although sleep loss is a normative psychosocially and biologically driven developmental process, it occurs alongside behaviors that characterize adolescence, including deepening cognitive sophistication, improved emotion regulation, and intensifying social cognition, calling into question how sleep may impact these developmental milestones. This review synthesizes growing research aimed at addressing this timely question. It presents evidence that neurodevelopmental changes in brain structure, function, and sleep physiology mechanistically link the relationship between sleep and cognitive ability.
matched on Emotions (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Giotakos O (2020)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPsychiatrike = Psychiatriki47 citations Neurobiology of emotional trauma.
An emotional trauma may induce a cascade of neurobiological events that have long-lasting consequences even altered gene expression. Early abuse and neglect can deregulate the child's developing neurobiological system by reducing its resistance to stressful events, leading to later problems of emotional regulation. Children who have been subjected to physical or emotional abuse tend to pay more attention to signs that contain anger and are hypersensitive to threat. Scar hypothesis and the theories of behavioural sensitization or electrophysiological kindling suggest that emotional traumas may leave traces that persist even after remission of depression, and render individuals vulnerable to the onset of new episodes, even under the influence of only moderate psychosocial stress. Unfavorable early social experiences, such as emotional abuse or institutionalization can affect the structure …
matched on Emotions (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Regulating positive emotions: Implications for promoting well-being in individuals with depression.
Experiencing positive emotions is paramount to derive vitality from daily lived experiences. Positive emotions are associated with a range of beneficial outcomes, including longevity, reduced incidents of stroke, improved sleep quality, larger social networks, increased prosocial behavior, lower cortisol levels, and increased endogenous opioids and oxytocin. Despite these benefits, only limited research has focused on understanding positive emotion regulation within the context of depression. Rather, mechanisms related to the regulation of negative emotion have been the focus of research and evidence-based treatments. This interdisciplinary review article aims to advance knowledge regarding the role of positive emotion regulation in individuals with depression to inform the development of transdiagnostic evidenced-based approaches to treatment that bolster the experience of positive life…
matched on Emotions (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Heart rate variability: Can it serve as a marker of mental health resilience?: Special Section on "Translational and Neuroscience Studies in Affective Disorders" Section Editor, Maria Nobile MD, PhD.
Background: Stress resilience influences mental well-being and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. Usually, measurement of resilience is based on subjective reports, susceptible to biases. It justifies the need for objective biological/physiological biomarkers of resilience. One promising candidate as biomarker of mental health resilience (MHR) is heart rate variability (HRV). The evidence for its use was reviewed in this study.
Methods: We focused on the relationship between HRV (as measured through decomposition of RR intervals from electrocardiogram) and responses to laboratory stressors in individuals without medical and psychiatric diseases. We conducted a bibliographic search of publications in the PubMed for January 2010-September 2018.
Results: Eight studies were included. High vagally mediated HRV before and/or during stressful laboratory tasks was associated with enhanced c…
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Altena E, Baglioni C, Espie CA, Ellis J, Gavriloff D, Holzinger B, Schlarb A, Frase L, Jernelöv S, Riemann D (2020)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of sleep research531 citations Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT-I Academy.
In the current global home confinement situation due to the COVID-19 outbreak, most individuals are exposed to an unprecedented stressful situation of unknown duration. This may not only increase daytime stress, anxiety and depression levels, but also disrupt sleep. Importantly, because of the fundamental role that sleep plays in emotion regulation, sleep disturbance can have direct consequences upon next day emotional functioning. In this paper, we summarize what is known about the stress-sleep link and confinement as well as effective insomnia treatment. We discuss those effects of the current home confinement situation that can disrupt sleep but also those that could benefit sleep quality. We suggest adaptions of cognitive behavioural therapy elements that are feasible to implement for those facing changed work schedules and requirements, those with health anxiety and those handling c…
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