How feeling is noticed, tolerated, shifted or suppressed.
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1276 to 1300 of 3,214Vazire S, Funder DC (2006)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPersonality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc83 citations Impulsivity and the self-defeating behavior of narcissists.
Currently prominent models of narcissism (e.g., Morf and Rhodewalt, 2001) primarily explain narcissists' self-defeating behaviors in terms of conscious cognitive and affective processes. We propose that the disposition of impulsivity may also play an important role. We offer 2 forms of evidence. First, we present a meta-analysis demonstrating a strong positive relationship between narcissism and impulsivity. Second, we review and reinterpret the literature on 3 hallmarks of narcissism: self-enhancement, aggression, and negative long-term outcomes. Our reinterpretation argues that impulsivity provides a more parsimonious explanation for at least some of narcissists' self-defeating behavior than do existing models. These 2 sources of evidence suggest that narcissists' quest for the status and recognition they so intensely desire is thwarted, in part, by their lack of the self-control neces…
matched on Affect (mesh)
Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory.
Emotional events often attain a privileged status in memory. Cognitive neuroscientists have begun to elucidate the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying emotional retention advantages in the human brain. The amygdala is a brain structure that directly mediates aspects of emotional learning and facilitates memory operations in other regions, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Emotion-memory interactions occur at various stages of information processing, from the initial encoding and consolidation of memory traces to their long-term retrieval. Recent advances are revealing new insights into the reactivation of latent emotional associations and the recollection of personal episodes from the remote past.
matched on Emotions (mesh)
The implications of emotional security theory for understanding and treating childhood psychopathology.
Understanding why interparental difficulties pose a risk to children in families experiencing domestic violence is an urgent task for ameliorating childhood psychopathology, particularly in light of the paucity of knowledge on the unfolding mediating mechanisms and the potentiating and protective conditions that underlie the multiplicity of pathways between domestic violence and child maladjustment. Toward addressing this significant gap, this paper examines how the emotional security theory (EST) may foster advances in our understanding of the genesis, course, and treatment of children's psychological problems in families experiencing domestic violence. Following an overview of the theoretical assumptions and significance of translating the emotional security theory to high-risk contexts, we address how children's difficulties in preserving security may emerge in the face of domestic vi…
matched on Affect (mesh)
Yoga for cancer patients and survivors.
Background: Yoga has been practiced for thousands of years to improve physical and emotional well-being. Empirical research on yoga has been ongoing for several decades, including several recent studies conducted with cancer patients and survivors.
Methods: This review provides a general introduction to yoga and a detailed review of yoga research in cancer.
Results: Nine studies conducted with cancer patients and survivors yielded modest improvements in sleep quality, mood, stress, cancer-related distress, cancer-related symptoms, and overall quality of life. Studies conducted in other patient populations and healthy individuals have shown beneficial effects on psychological and somatic symptoms, as well as other aspects of physical function.
Conclusions: Results from the emerging literature on yoga and cancer provide preliminary support for the feasibility and efficacy of yoga intervent…
matched on Affect (mesh)
How to recognize and manage psychological distress in cancer patients.
Psychological distress is common in cancer patients, however, it is often unrecognized and untreated. We aimed to identify barriers to cancer patients expressing their psychological concerns, and to recommend strategies to assist oncologists to elicit, recognize, and manage psychological distress in their patients. Medline, Psychlit, and the Cochrane databases were searched for articles relating to the detection of emotional distress in patients. Patients can provide verbal and non-verbal information about their emotional state. However, many patients may not reveal emotional issues as they believe it is not a doctor's role to help with their emotional concerns. Moreover, patients may normalize or somatize their feelings. Anxiety and depression can mimic physical symptoms of cancer or treatments, and consequently emotional distress may not be detected. Techniques such as active listening…
matched on Emotions (mesh)
Reeves A (2005)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usAAOHN journal : official journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses20 citations Emotional intelligence: recognizing and regulating emotions.
Occupational health nurses are in the unique position to influence health in the work force. To maximize this positive health influence, occupational health nurses should develop the skills of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence includes awareness of self and others and empathy. These behaviors are congruent with the mission of nursing because they improve health outcomes. Occupational health nurses who are emotionally intelligent have improved relationships with others, an important aspect of the nursing role. Emotional intelligence can be developed. The process begins with self-awareness, enhanced through self-care behaviors, such as exercise and journaling. Reading popular self-help literature also can improve self-awareness. After a nurse becomes self-aware, the next phase is to develop an awareness of others. This can be learned using the same type of techniques in the se…
matched on Emotions (mesh)
Forgivingness, vengeful rumination, and affective traits.
Trait forgivingness is the disposition to forgive interpersonal transgressions over time and across situations. We define forgiveness as the replacement of negative unforgiving emotions with positive, other-oriented emotions. Rumination has been suggested as a mediator between forgivingness and emotional outcomes; however, we suggest that different content of rumination leads to different outcomes after transgressions. In four studies of 179, 233, 80, and 66 undergraduate students, trait forgivingness was negatively correlated with trait anger, hostility, neuroticism, fear, and vengeful rumination and was positively correlated with agreeableness, extraversion, and trait empathy. The disposition to ruminate vengefully mediated the relationship between trait forgivingness and (1) anger-related traits and (2) both revenge motivations and state anger following a specific recent transgression…
matched on Affect (mesh)
Karatzias T, Shevlin M, Hyland P, Brewin CR, Cloitre M, Bradley A, Kitchiner NJ, Jumbe S, Bisson JI, Roberts NP (2018)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe British journal of clinical psychology50 citations The role of negative cognitions, emotion regulation strategies, and attachment style in complex post-traumatic stress disorder: Implications for new and existing therapies.
Objective: We set out to investigate the association between negative trauma-related cognitions, emotional regulation strategies, and attachment style and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). As the evidence regarding the treatment of CPTSD is emerging, investigating psychological factors that are associated with CPTSD can inform the adaptation or the development of effective interventions for CPTSD.
Method: A cross-sectional design was employed. Measures of CPTSD, negative trauma-related cognitions, emotion regulation strategies, and attachment style were completed by a British clinical sample of trauma-exposed patients (N = 171). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the predictive utility of these psychological factors on diagnosis of CPTSD as compared to PTSD.
Results: It was found that the most important factor in the diagnosis of CPTSD was negative trauma-relat…
matched on Emotions (mesh), Emotional Regulation (keyword), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
Cognitive reappraisal moderates the relationship between perfectionism and cognitive flexibility.
Objective: Characterized by setting high standards for performance, perfectionism is a transdiagnostic process implicated in the development and maintenance of psychopathology. In contrast, cognitive flexibility is associated with enhanced mental health. Yet, the relationship between perfectionism and cognitive flexibility is understudied. We examined the relationship between perfectionism and cognitive flexibility, and whether emotion regulation strategies moderated the association between them.
Method: Adult participants (N = 486) were recruited online and completed questionnaires on perfectionism, emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility.
Results: Perfectionism negatively correlated with one of the two aspects of cognitive flexibility assessed. Reappraisal, but not suppression, moderated the relationship between perfectionism and flexibility.
Conclusions: Results indicate that per…
matched on Emotional Regulation (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text)
Aging faster: worry and rumination in late life are associated with greater brain age.
Older adults with anxiety have lower gray matter brain volume-a component of accelerated aging. We have previously validated a machine learning model to predict brain age, an estimate of an individual's age based on voxel-wise gray matter images. We investigated associations between brain age and anxiety, depression, stress, and emotion regulation. We recruited 78 participants (≥50 years) along a wide range of worry severity. We collected imaging data and computed voxel-wise gray matter images, which were input into an existing machine learning model to estimate brain age. We conducted a multivariable linear regression between brain age and age, sex, race, education, worry, anxiety, depression, rumination, neuroticism, stress, reappraisal, and suppression. We found that greater brain age was significantly associated with greater age, male sex, greater worry, greater rumination, and lower…
matched on Emotional Regulation (mesh), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
Ecological validity of trait emotion regulation strategy measures.
Research on emotion regulation (ER) strategies has often relied on trait self-report measures, where individuals retrospectively report their tendency to engage in a specific strategy. Although this method is convenient and useful in many clinical and research settings, it is subject to a number of response and memory biases and may not accurately reflect ER as it is naturalistically employed in daily life. We examined the ecological validity of 10 self-report measures of ER strategies (i.e., acceptance, behavioral avoidance, experiential avoidance, expressive suppression, procrastination, reappraisal, reflection, rumination, savoring, social support) with their reported daily use in intensive longitudinal designs in two samples (109 students, 135 treatment-seeking adults). Zero-order correlations revealed convergence between most trait measures and their daily ER strategy counterparts. …
matched on Emotional Regulation (mesh), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
Direct and indirect associations of cognitive reappraisal and suppression with disease biomarkers.
Objective: Habitual use of emotion regulation strategies may influence physical health. We examined whether the tendencies to employ cognitive reappraisal and suppression were associated with health biomarkers, and whether stress and sleep quality mediated these associations. Design & main outcome measures: Using data from the Biomarkers substudy (n = 1255) of the national Midlife in the U.S. Study, we tested the hypothesis that there would be indirect, but not direct, associations of cognitive reappraisal and suppression to biomarker indicators of multisystem physiological dysregulation, that is, allostatic load (AL). We computed the proportion of biomarkers in the highest risk quartile within seven biological systems, and summed these scores to compute AL. Associations with the biological systems were also examined separately.
Results: Neither reappraisal nor suppression was directly a…
matched on Emotional Regulation (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text)
Neurobiological Markers of Resilience to Depression Following Childhood Maltreatment: The Role of Neural Circuits Supporting the Cognitive Control of Emotion.
Background: Childhood adversity is strongly linked to negative mental health outcomes, including depression and anxiety. Leveraging cognitive neuroscience to identify mechanisms that contribute to resilience in children with a history of maltreatment may provide viable intervention targets for the treatment or prevention of psychopathology. We present a conceptual model of a potential neurobiological mechanism of resilience to depression and anxiety following childhood adversity. Specifically, we argue that neural circuits underlying the cognitive control of emotion may promote resilience, wherein a child's ability to recruit the frontoparietal control network to modulate amygdala reactivity to negative emotional cues-such as during cognitive reappraisal-buffers risk for internalizing symptoms following exposure to adversity.
Methods: We provide preliminary support for this model of resi…
matched on Emotional Regulation (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text)
Group counseling change process: An adaptive spiral among positive emotions, positive relations, and emotional cultivation/regulation.
Research has provided empirical support for the effectiveness of group psychotherapy. However, we have little understanding of mechanisms that account for the effectiveness. Thus, there is a need for complex theory-driven hypotheses and analytical models to understand the complexities of change in group counseling. We used Fredrickson's broaden-and-build theory as well as Yalom and Leszcz's proposition about adaptive spirals as guiding frameworks. We then examined the process of how positive emotions or positive relations and emotional cultivation (regulation) reciprocally influence one another to create an upward or adaptive spiral toward greater well-being over the course of group interventions. A total of 196 Taiwanese children and adolescent clients across 33 groups participated in an 8-session emotional cultivation/regulation group intervention. The random intercepts cross-lagged pa…
matched on Emotional Regulation (mesh), Emotions (mesh)
Broadening the scope of research on emotion regulation strategies and psychopathology.
Despite the increasing interest in the study of emotion regulation strategies and psychopathology, researchers have predominantly focused on covert emotion regulation strategies-that is, those strategies that occur within the individual (e.g., cognitive reappraisal, suppression). Conversely, less attention has been devoted to the examination of the relationship between psychopathology and overt emotion regulation strategies (e.g., drinking alcohol, seeking advice). This has resulted in a limited understanding of the complex repertoire of emotion regulation strategies that individuals possess, and how patterns in the use of strategies might relate to psychopathology. We asked 218 undergraduates to report on their habitual use of 15 covert and overt emotion regulation strategies and symptoms of seven different mental disorders. Overt strategies were associated with symptoms and, at times, …
matched on Emotions (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text)
A person-by-situation approach to emotion regulation: cognitive reappraisal can either help or hurt, depending on the context.
Emotion regulation is central to psychological health. For instance, cognitive reappraisal (reframing an emotional situation) is generally an adaptive emotion-regulation strategy (i.e., it is associated with increased psychological health). However, a person-by-situation approach suggests that the adaptiveness of different emotion-regulation strategies depends on the context in which they are used. Specifically, reappraisal may be adaptive when stressors are uncontrollable (when the person can regulate only the self) but maladaptive when stressors can be controlled (when the person can change the situation). To test this prediction, we measured cognitive-reappraisal ability, the severity of recent life stressors, stressor controllability, and level of depression in 170 participants. For participants with uncontrollable stress, higher cognitive-reappraisal ability was associated with lowe…
matched on Emotions (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text)
Unpacking cognitive reappraisal: goals, tactics, and outcomes.
Studies of emotion regulation typically contrast two or more strategies (e.g., reappraisal vs. suppression) and ignore variation within each strategy. To address such variation, we focused on cognitive reappraisal and considered the effects of goals (i.e., what people are trying to achieve) and tactics (i.e., what people actually do) on outcomes (i.e., how affective responses change). To examine goals, we randomly assigned participants to either increase positive emotion or decrease negative emotion to a negative stimulus. To examine tactics, we categorized participants' reports of how they reappraised. To examine reappraisal outcomes, we measured experience and electrodermal responding. Findings indicated that (a) the goal of increasing positive emotion led to greater increases in positive affect and smaller decreases in skin conductance than the goal of decreasing negative emotion, and…
matched on Affect (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text)
The influence of context on the implementation of adaptive emotion regulation strategies.
Putatively adaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., acceptance, problem solving, reappraisal) show weaker associations with psychopathology than putatively maladaptive strategies (e.g., avoidance, self-criticism, hiding expression, suppression of experience, worry, rumination). This is puzzling, given the central role that adaptive strategies play in a wide range of psychotherapeutic approaches. We explored this asymmetry by examining the effects of context (i.e., emotion intensity, type of emotion, social vs. academic circumstances) on the implementation of adaptive and maladaptive strategies. We asked 111 participants to describe 8 emotion-eliciting situations and identify which strategies they used in order to regulate their affect. We found support for a contextual model of emotion regulation, in which adaptive strategies were implemented with more cross-situational variability …
matched on Emotions (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
The role of emotion regulation in auditory hallucinations.
Emotion regulation involves the use of strategies to influence the experience and expression of emotions. Anxiety and depression are strongly associated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as auditory hallucinations (AHs). Individuals usually try to down-regulate (decrease) such emotions, consequently abnormal or maladaptive use of one or more of these down-regulatory processes (e.g. increased use of expressive suppression or maladaptive attentional deployment, i.e. rumination/worry) may play an important role in AHs (e.g. increasing AH severity and distress). This study examined the self-reported use of a range of emotion regulation strategies in individuals with schizophrenia and current AHs (SZ AH; N=34) and healthy controls (N=34). Two separable dimensions of hallucinatory experiences (severity and distress) were assessed together with measures of anxiety, depression an…
matched on Emotions (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
Is expressive suppression always associated with poorer psychological functioning? A cross-cultural comparison between European Americans and Hong Kong Chinese.
The habitual use of expressive suppression as an emotion regulation strategy has been consistently linked to adverse outcomes in a number of domains, including psychological functioning. The present study aimed to uncover whether the suppression-health relationship is dependent on cultural context, given differing cultural norms surrounding the value of suppressing emotional displays. We hypothesized that the negative associations between suppression and psychological functioning seen in European Americans would not be seen among members of East Asian cultures, in which emotional restraint is relatively encouraged over emotional expression. To test this hypothesis, we asked 71 European American students and 100 Chinese students from Hong Kong to report on their use of expressive suppression, life satisfaction, and depressed mood. A moderation analysis revealed that expressive suppression…
matched on Emotions (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
Feeding your feelings: emotion regulation strategies and emotional eating.
The process by which emotions affect eating behavior emerges as one of the central unresolved questions in the field of emotional eating. The present studies address the hypothesis that the regulation strategies people use to deal with these emotions are responsible for increased eating. Negative emotions were induced and intake of comfort food and non-comfort food was measured by means of taste tests. Emotion induction was preceded by measuring individual differences in emotion regulation strategies (Study 1) or by instructions to regulate emotions in either an adaptive (reappraisal) or maladaptive (suppression) manner (Study 2). Study 3 also entailed a control condition without any regulation instructions. Relative to reappraisal and spontaneous expression, suppression led to increased food intake, but only of the comfort foods. Emotions themselves were not responsible for this effect.…
matched on Emotions (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text), expressive suppression (text)
Better late than never? On the dynamics of online regulation of sadness using distraction and cognitive reappraisal.
Real-life emotion regulation often occurs at some point after an emotion-triggering event (ETE) has been introduced, but most previous research has involved regulation before or after the ETE. In a series of experiments, the authors examined online regulation via distraction and cognitive reappraisal by manipulating the strategy initiation point in sadness-evoking films. Distraction was effective even when initiated late, presumably because it involves diluting the ETE contents by mixing them with a nonsad input. By contrast, reappraisal was less effective when initiated late, suggesting a possible point of no return for this strategy: Adopting a detached view late in the ETE may be difficult because it involves continued focus on the ETE and hence requires overcoming a previously formed tendency of identifying with the emotional content.
matched on Affect (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text)
Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies.
Extending previous work, we conducted two studies concerning the toxic influences of experiential avoidance (EA) as a core mechanism in the development and maintenance of psychological distress, and disruption of pleasant, engaging, and spontaneous activity. Of particular interest was whether EA accounted for relationships between coping and emotion regulation strategies on anxiety-related pathology (Study 1) and psychological distress and hedonic functioning over the course of a 21-day monitoring period (Study 2). In Study 1, EA mediated the effects of maladaptive coping, emotional responses styles, and uncontrollability on anxiety-related distress (e.g., anxiety sensitivity, trait anxiety, suffocation fears, and body sensation fears). In Study 2, EA completely mediated the effects of two emotion regulation strategies (i.e., suppression and reappraisal) on daily negative and positive ex…
matched on Emotions (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text)
Religiosity and Resilience: Cognitive Reappraisal and Coping Self-Efficacy Mediate the Link between Religious Coping and Well-Being.
Qualitative evidence points to the engagement of religious coping strategies when facing adversity, and evidence also highlights the effectiveness of cognitive reappraisal in reducing the impact of distressing emotions on well-being. It has been suggested that religious practices could facilitate the use of reappraisal, by promoting reframing of negative cognitions to alter emotional states. However, the link between religiosity and reappraisal in influencing resilience against symptoms of distress is not known. The current study (N = 203) examined connections among these aspects, using self-reported measures of religious coping, habitual use of specific coping strategies (positive reappraisal) and perceived confidence in using coping strategies, as well as questionnaires assessing symptoms of distress (anxiety and depression). Results point to a mediating role of reappraisal and coping …
matched on Emotions (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text), Affect (keyword)
Developing a compassionate mind to enhance trauma-focused CBT with an adolescent female: a case study.
Background: Shame and disgust are often associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following interpersonal traumas such as sexual assault. It has been suggested that individuals with high levels of shame might do less well in standard cognitive behavioural (CBT) interventions.
Aims: To see whether applying compassion-focused therapy and developing a compassionate mind can enhance trauma-focused CBT in an adolescent with high levels of shame and disgust the way it has been shown to within the adult population.
Method: This single case study describes how trauma-focused CBT was enhanced by compassionate mind training. It details work using this approach with an adolescent female experiencing shame and disgust-based flashbacks. Treatment was provided for 20 sessions over 8 months. Symptoms of PTSD, depression and self-criticism, as well as the ability to self-soothe/reassure, were…
matched on Emotions (mesh), Adaptation, Psychological (mesh)