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1476 to 1500 of 3,214Self-forgiving processes in therapy for romantic relationship infidelity: An evidence-based case study.
Self-forgiveness is related to positive connections with self and others and may be particularly important for clients who have hurt others. Relational hurt is heightened within the most intimate relationships and is particularly salient in cases of romantic relationship infidelity. Therefore, self-forgiveness may be indicated for romantic partners who have engaged in infidelity. This evidence-based case study examines the treatment of a Caucasian woman in her early 50s who presented with self-unforgiveness following marital infidelity. An 8-week manualized individual counseling program for self-forgiveness was used, which incorporates emotion-focused therapy techniques and principles of positive psychology to facilitate clients' engagement with a 4-component therapeutic model of self-forgiveness-responsibility, remorse, restoration, and renewal. This evidence-based case study demonstrat…
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"Learning how to deal with feelings differently": Psychotropic medications as vehicles of socialization in adolescence.
Drawing from ethnographic research among clinicians working with adolescents at a hospital psychiatric emergency department and outpatient clinic, and with interviews with adolescent psychiatric patients and their parents, we examine how psychiatric medicines function as socializing agents. Although psychiatric medications are thought to exert their main effects through direct biological action on neural circuitry, in fact, their use mobilizes specific kinds of moral discourse and social positioning that may have profound effects on sense of self, personhood, and psychological development. Specifically, our data reveal how clinical discourse around medications aims to enlist adolescents in becoming responsible, emotionally intelligent selves through learning to manage their medications. Among doctors, adolescents and their families, talk about psychiatric medications intertwines narrativ…
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Judd LL, Schettler PJ, Brown ES, Wolkowitz OM, Sternberg EM, Bender BG, Bulloch K, Cidlowski JA, de Kloet ER, Fardet L, Joëls M, Leung DY, McEwen BS, Roozendaal B, Van Rossum EF, Ahn J, Brown DW, Plitt A, Singh G (2014)case reportMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe American journal of psychiatry145 citations Adverse consequences of glucocorticoid medication: psychological, cognitive, and behavioral effects.
Glucocorticoids are the most commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressant medications worldwide. This article highlights the risk of clinically significant and sometimes severe psychological, cognitive, and behavioral disturbances that may be associated with glucocorticoid use, as well as ways to prevent and treat these disturbances. An illustrative case vignette is presented describing a patient's experience of cycles of manic-like behavior and depression while on high-dosage prednisone, with long-term cognitive disorganization, vulnerability to stress, and personality changes. Severe neuropsychiatric consequences (including suicide, suicide attempt, psychosis, mania, depression, panic disorder, and delirium, confusion, or disorientation) have been reported to occur in 15.7 per 100 person-years at risk for all glucocorticoid courses, and 22.2 per 100 person-years at risk for …
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Putting up emotional (Facebook) walls? Attachment status and emerging adults' experiences of social networking sites.
Social networking sites (SNS) like Facebook can increase interpersonal connections but also intensify jealousy, envy, and surveillance behaviors. Attachment styles may help explain differences in experiencing SNS. This study investigated the role of attachment in influencing emerging adults' perceptions and feelings about SNS and their disclosures on SNS. Disorganized and anxious attachment predicted subjects' use of SNS to avoid more personal face-to-face communication, suggesting individuals with these tendencies use SNS to hold relationships at a psychological arm's distance. Anxious attachment also predicted feelings of intimacy when using SNS, perhaps reflecting online needs for comfort from others. A case narrative is presented to show how those with insecure attachment patterns may struggle to avoid interpersonal conflict when being continuously presented with ambiguous social inf…
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Temporal precedence of emotion over attention modulations in the lateral amygdala: Intracranial ERP evidence from a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Previous fMRI studies have reported mixed evidence for the influence of selective attention on amygdala responses to emotional stimuli, with some studies showing "automatic" emotional effects to threat-related stimuli without attention (or even without awareness), but other studies showing a gating of amygdala activity by selective attention with no response to unattended stimuli. We recorded intracranial local field potentials from the intact left lateral amygdala in a human patient prior to surgery for epilepsy and tested, with a millisecond time resolution, for neural responses to fearful faces appearing at either task-relevant or task-irrelevant locations. Our results revealed an early emotional effect in the amygdala arising prior to, and independently of, attentional modulation. However, at a later latency, we found a significant modulation of the differential emotional response wh…
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Toward an adaptation of interpersonal psychotherapy for Hispanic patients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder.
Background: Spanish-speaking individuals comprise a growing percentage of the United States population. They have greater difficulty than most in accessing and remaining in psychiatric treatments, including psychotherapy, their stated preference. The literature on cultural competence in treating Hispanic patients provides few details of psychotherapeutic adaptations.
Objective: This article, based on interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) supervision for a low-socioeconomic sample of monolingual Spanish-speaking New York City patients, describes culturally specific psychotherapy.
Method: In conducting IPT for Spanish-speaking patients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder, we reviewed cases in weekly supervision over 3 years (January 2005 to January 2008) to explore treatment themes and evaluate the congruence of IPT in addressing them. Important themes are illustrated by case example.
Result…
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Compassionate mind training with people who hear malevolent voices: a case series report.
This paper presents a series of case studies to explore the understanding, acceptance and value of compassionate mind training (CMT) with psychotic voice hearers. We were interested in the degree to which such people are able to access and feel the positive emotions of 'warmth' and 'contentment' to become more self-compassionate. We also explored how CMT affected participants' hostile voices, their levels of anxiety, depression, paranoia and self-criticism. Participants were invited to offer suggestions for tailoring this approach for voice hearers. Results showed decreases for all participants in depression, psychoticism, anxiety, paranoia, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and interpersonal sensitivity. All participants' auditory hallucinations became less malevolent, less persecuting and more reassuring.
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Menstrual cycle estradiol fluctuations predict changes in affect and socioemotional functioning.
Background: Previous research suggests that estradiol (E2) impacts mood as well as socioemotional and stress-related functioning in menstruating individuals. However, research in this area is limited by a preponderance of cross-sectional studies comparing psychological outcomes across menstrual phases that do not allow for conclusions to be made about E2's effects independent from progesterone.
Methods: In the current longitudinal investigation of 23 naturally cycling women, the potential effects of E2 on affect, state self-esteem, irritability, emotion recognition accuracy, and reactivity to both social exclusion (Cyberball) and psychosocial stress (Trier Social Stress Test; TSST) were assessed by comparing outcomes across two times of the menstrual cycle. Specifically, participants completed sessions in the early follicular (EF; cycle days 2-4, when E2 is expected to be low) and late f…
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The shock of Awe experience to our soul is more directly on cognitive well-being than affective well-being.
Previous research has demonstrated that the experience of awe can alleviate negative emotions, such as stress related to life and career, consequently enhancing overall happiness. Drawing from the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, the mechanism through which awe mitigates stress and enhances happiness lies in its capacity to restructure an individual's original cognitive framework and foster a more open-minded approach to problem-solving. This, in turn, facilitates the cultivation of both physical and mental resources, including the enhancement of psychological resilience, thereby empowering individuals to better rebound from adversity and pressure. The study seeks to validate this perspective. In this study, 342 Chinese college students (awe group, pleasant group and neutral group) were investigated to test the effects of awe on cognitive well-being and affective well-being…
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Childhood emotional but not physical or sexual maltreatment predicts prosocial behavior in late adolescence: A daily diary study.
Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM), including physical, emotional, and sexual maltreatment, is detrimental to adolescents' psychological and behavioral outcomes. However, most studies on the relationship between CM and prosocial behavior focused on the overall experience of CM. Since different forms of CM exert various influences on adolescents, it is essential to find out which form of CM has the strongest link with prosocial behavior and the underlying mechanism behind it to fully understand this relationship and design a specific intervention for promoting prosocial behavior.
Objective: Guided by internal working model theory and hopelessness theory, this study aimed to investigate the connections of multiple forms of CM with prosocial behavior, and explore the mediating mechanism of gratitude from the perspective of the broaden-and-build theory through a 14-day daily diary study…
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The curious case of threat-awe: A theoretical and empirical reconceptualization.
Threat-based awe, or threat-awe, has been conceptualized as a fear-centric, negative-valenced variant of awe, although awe is a positive emotion embodying wonder and amazement. This research, however, argues that threat-awe is a mixed emotion rather than a negatively valenced subaspect of awe. We tested this conceptualization using two methodologies: (a) the theoretical framework of cognitive appraisals and (b) measures of ambivalence (an emotion co-occurrence index of bivalence, the Evaluative Space Grid, and a four-item scale to measure mixed emotions). Five studies (N = 1,140) compared threat-awe's appraisal profile and valence perceptions to univalenced, positive (awe, pride, happiness) and negative (fear) emotions. Research suggests that appraisal profiles of mixed emotions are close to their component emotions but distinct on certain appraisal dimensions. The empirical measures of …
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Kaertner LS, Steinborn MB, Kettner H, Spriggs MJ, Roseman L, Buchborn T, Balaet M, Timmermann C, Erritzoe D, Carhart-Harris RL (2021)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usScientific reports95 citations Positive expectations predict improved mental-health outcomes linked to psychedelic microdosing.
Psychedelic microdosing describes the ingestion of near-threshold perceptible doses of classic psychedelic substances. Anecdotal reports and observational studies suggest that microdosing may promote positive mood and well-being, but recent placebo-controlled studies failed to find compelling evidence for this. The present study collected web-based mental health and related data using a prospective (before, during and after) design. Individuals planning a weekly microdosing regimen completed surveys at strategic timepoints, spanning a core four-week test period. Eighty-one participants completed the primary study endpoint. Results revealed increased self-reported psychological well-being, emotional stability and reductions in state anxiety and depressive symptoms at the four-week primary endpoint, plus increases in psychological resilience, social connectedness, agreeableness, nature rel…
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Nature versus art as elicitors of the sublime: A virtual reality study.
The sublime-the mixed aesthetic experience of uplift and elevation in response to a powerful or vast object that otherwise is experienced as menacing-has nurtured philosophical discourse for centuries. One of the major philosophical issues concerns whether the sublime is best thought of as a subjective response or as a stimulus. Recently, psychology has conceived of the sublime as an emotion, often referred to as awe, arising from natural or artistic stimuli that are great, rare, and/or vast. However, it has not yet been empirically demonstrated whether two major elicitors of the sublime-nature and art-differ in inducing this state. In order to experimentally compare nature and art, we exposed 50 participants to sublimity-inducing content in two different formats (nature-based and art-based) using 360° videos. We compared Vincent Van Gogh's The Starry Night with a photorealistic version …
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Wu IHC, Tsai W, McNeill LH, Lu Q (2020)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usSupportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer20 citations The associations of self-stigma, social constraints, and sleep among Chinese American breast cancer survivors.
Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine the incidence of poor sleep quality, medication use, and dysfunction and the association of self-stigma and perceived social constraints (i.e., ambivalence over emotional expression; AEE) on sleep among a sample of Chinese American breast cancer survivors.
Methods: The data were based on self-report baseline data (n = 136) from an expressive writing intervention study for Chinese American breast cancer survivors (MTime since diagnosis = 27.17 months; SD = 19.31). Participants completed self-report questionnaires related to psychological and physical health and health behaviors. Using linear regression and path modeling, our hypotheses were tested using models where (1) self-stigma predicted sleep characteristics (i.e., quality, medication use, and dysfunction) with (2) AEE mediating the relationship between self-stigma and sleep.
Resul…
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Stress, mood, and cortisol during daily life in women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD).
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is characterized by significant emotional, physical and behavioral distress during the late luteal phase that remits after menses onset. Outlined as a new diagnostic category in DSM-5, the mechanisms underlying PMDD are still insufficiently known. Previous research suggests that PMDD exacerbates with stressful events, indicating a dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, studies measuring stress-related processes in affected women in real-time and real-life are lacking. We conducted an Ambulatory Assessment (AA) study to compare subjective stress reactivity together with basal and stress-reactive cortisol activity across the menstrual cycle in women with and without PMDD. Women with current PMDD (n = 61) and age- and education matched controls (n = 61) reported momentary mood, rumination, and daily events via smartphones at…
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Barrett LF (2017)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usSocial cognitive and affective neuroscience589 citations The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization.
The science of emotion has been using folk psychology categories derived from philosophy to search for the brain basis of emotion. The last two decades of neuroscience research have brought us to the brink of a paradigm shift in understanding the workings of the brain, however, setting the stage to revolutionize our understanding of what emotions are and how they work. In this article, we begin with the structure and function of the brain, and from there deduce what the biological basis of emotions might be. The answer is a brain-based, computational account called the theory of constructed emotion.
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Boredom begs to differ: Differentiation from other negative emotions.
Boredom research is booming. Nonetheless, a comprehensive understanding of boredom in relation to other negative emotions is lacking. This ambiguity impedes accurate interpretation of boredom's causes and consequences. To gain more insights into boredom, we examined in detail how it differs from a range of other negative experiences, namely sadness, anger, frustration, fear, disgust, depression, guilt, shame, regret, and disappointment. Our research indicates that the appraisals associated with boredom distinguish it clearly from other negative emotions; conceptually (Study 1), in terms of state experiences (Study 2), and in terms of individual differences in these experiences (Study 3). Our findings suggest that boredom is mild in negative valence, low in arousal, is associated with low perceived challenge and low perceived meaningfulness, and has low relevance to moral judgment and beh…
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Finding the positive in all of the negative: Facilitation for color-related emotion words in a negative priming paradigm.
A study conducted by Sutton and Altarriba (2008) suggested that color-related emotion words (e.g., sad, envy) produce standard Stroop interference effects. Associations between emotion words and colors are culture specific, and may be the result of common phrases in a language (e.g., "feeling blue" in English), or a result of the manner in which color is used to signify information or meaning in a language (e.g., red often represents threat). In the present paper, the same stimuli were investigated in a negative priming paradigm in which participants were asked to name the ink color of a presented word. In this task, response times are typically slower in ignored repetition trials (i.e., the probe target is related to the prime distractor) than control trials. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that color words and color-related neutral words yielded negative priming; however, color-r…
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The importance of emotional intelligence and meaning in life in psycho-oncology.
Objective: Cancer was considered the disease of the 20th century, and the management, treatment, and adaptation of patients to general wellbeing were worldwide concerns. Emotional intelligence has frequently been associated with wellbeing and considered one important factor to optimal human functioning. The purpose of the present study was to test the differences regarding the relationship between emotional intelligence, purpose in life, and satisfaction with life between cancer and healthy people.
Methods: This model was tested using structural path analysis in two independent samples. First, in a general Portuguese population without chronic disease, 214 participants (nmale = 41, nfemale = 173; Mage = 53). Second, in 202 patients with cancer (nmale = 40, nfemale = 162; Mage = 58.65). A two-step methodology was used to test the research hypothesis.
Results: First, a confirmatory f…
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The role of affect in consumer evaluation of health care services.
Health care services are typically consumed out of necessity, typically to recover from illness. While the consumption of health care services can be emotional given that consumers experience fear, hope, relief, and joy, surprisingly, there is little research on the role of consumer affect in health care consumption. We propose that consumer affect is a heuristic cue that drives evaluation of health care services. Drawing from cognitive appraisal theory and affect-as-information theory, this article tests a research model (N = 492) that investigates consumer affect resulting from service performance on subsequent service outcomes.
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Moral elevation reduces prejudice against gay men.
Disgust is linked to social evaluation. People with higher disgust sensitivity exhibit more sexual prejudice, and inducing disgust increases sexual prejudice. We tested whether inducing moral elevation, the theoretical opposite of disgust, would reduce sexual prejudice. In four studies (N = 3622), we induced elevation with inspiring videos and then measured sexual prejudice with implicit and explicit measures. Compared to control videos that elicited no particular affective state, we found that elevation reduced implicit and explicit sexual prejudice, albeit very slightly. No effect was observed when the target of social evaluation was changed to race (Black-White). Inducing amusement, another positive emotion, did not significantly affect sexual prejudice. We conclude that elevation weakly but reliably reduces prejudice towards gay men.
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Daily emotional and physical reactivity to stressors among widowed and married older adults.
Objectives: Widowhood may result in declines in health and potentially stressful changes to daily routines. However, little research has examined how daily stressors contribute to physical and emotional well-being in widowhood. The objectives of the current study were to examine daily stressor exposure and reactivity in widowed versus married older adults.
Method: Participants included all 100 widowed and 342 married adults aged 65 and older from the National Study of Daily Experiences, a daily diary study from the second wave of the Midlife in the United States. Daily stressors were measured using the Daily Inventory of Stressful Events; multilevel modeling assessed daily reactivity to stressors using daily negative affect (emotional reactivity) and daily physical symptoms (physical reactivity) as outcomes.
Results: Married participants reported more stressors in general, and specifical…
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Gilbert P (2014)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe British journal of clinical psychology576 citations The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy.
Compassion focused therapy (CFT) is rooted in an evolutionary, functional analysis of basic social motivational systems (e.g., to live in groups, form hierarchies and ranks, seek out sexual, partners help and share with alliances, and care for kin) and different functional emotional systems (e.g., to respond to threats, seek out resources, and for states of contentment/safeness). In addition, about 2 million years ago, (pre-)humans began to evolve a range of cognitive competencies for reasoning, reflection, anticipating, imagining, mentalizing, and creating a socially contextualized sense of self. These new competencies can cause major difficulties in the organization of (older) motivation and emotional systems. CFT suggests that our evolved brain is therefore potentially problematic because of its basic 'design,' being easily triggered into destructive behaviours and mental health probl…
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Addiction and empathy: a preliminary analysis.
Addicted patients show impaired social functioning. Chronic drug consumption may lead to impairments in decoding empathic cues. The aim of the study is to explore empathy abilities in addicted patients and the hypothesis of a differential impairment between affective and cognitive empathy. 62 addicted patients and 40 healthy volunteers were evaluated using the empathy quotient (EQ) and its subscales cognitive empathy (factor 1), emotional empathy (factor 2), social skills (factor 3). Patients scored statistically significantly lower than controls in EQ total score, in particular in factor 2. No difference was found in factor 1 and in factor 3. Consistent with previous findings, our study suggests specific impairment in emotional empathy combined with preserved cognitive empathy. These findings show important clinical implication in the development of specific rehabilitative programmes fo…
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Mental imagery in bipolar affective disorder versus unipolar depression: investigating cognitions at times of 'positive' mood.
Background: Compared to unipolar depression (UD), depressed mood in bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with amplified negative mental imagery of the future ('flashforwards'). However, imagery characteristics during positive mood remain poorly explored. We hypothesise first, that unlike UD patients, the most significant positive images of BD patients will be 'flashforwards' (rather than past memories). Second, that BD patients will experience more frequent (and more 'powerful') positive imagery as compared to verbal thoughts and third, that behavioural activation scores will be predicted by imagery variables in the BD group.
Methods: BD (n=26) and UD (n=26) patients completed clinical and trait imagery measures followed by an Imagery Interview and a measure of behavioural activation.
Results: Compared to UD, BD patients reported more 'flashforwards' compared to past memories and ra…
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