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1926 to 1950 of 3,214Abbreviated Resonant Frequency Training to Augment Heart Rate Variability and Enhance On-Demand Emotional Regulation in Elite Sport Support Staff.
Support and management staff in elite sport experience work-related stress and emotional disturbance to a similar extent as athletes (Fletcher and Wagstaff 2009). The resonant frequency breathing technique (Lehrer et al. 2000) can inhibit autonomic changes associated with stressful situations or events and as such provides a potential emotional regulation tool. The present study utilised five practitioner-led heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback sessions and home practice via mobile applications to train support and management staff (n = 9) in resonant frequency breathing techniques. Although baseline HRV did not change from pre to post training, participants increased total HRV (i.e., SDNN; p = .006), parasympathetic HRV (i.e., RMSSD; p = .028) and HRV reflective of baroreflex function (i.e., low frequency power; p = .018) while accurately performing resonant frequency breathing wit…
matched on Emotional Regulation (keyword), emotion regulation (text)
On carrots and curiosity: eating fruit and vegetables is associated with greater flourishing in daily life.
Objectives: Our aim was to determine whether eating fruit and vegetables (FV) is associated with other markers of well-being beyond happiness and life satisfaction. Towards this aim, we tested whether FV consumption is associated with greater eudaemonic well-being - a state of flourishing characterized by feelings of engagement, meaning, and purpose in life. We also tested associations with two eudaemonic behaviours - curiosity and creativity.
Design: Daily diary study across 13 days (micro-longitudinal, correlational design).
Methods: A sample of 405 young adults (67% women; mean age 19.9 [SD 1.6] years) completed an Internet daily diary for 13 consecutive days. Each day, participants reported on their consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets, and chips, as well as their eudaemonic well-being, curiosity, creativity, positive affect (PA), and negative affect. Between-person associations …
matched on Emotions (mesh), Affect (keyword)
How the brain heals emotional wounds: the functional neuroanatomy of forgiveness.
IN LIFE, EVERYONE GOES THROUGH HURTFUL EVENTS CAUSED BY SIGNIFICANT OTHERS: a deceiving friend, a betraying partner, or an unjustly blaming parent. In response to painful emotions, individuals may react with anger, hostility, and the desire for revenge. As an alternative, they may decide to forgive the wrongdoer and relinquish resentment. In the present study, we examined the brain correlates of forgiveness using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Healthy participants were induced to imagine social scenarios that described emotionally hurtful events followed by the indication to either forgive the imagined offenders, or harbor a grudge toward them. Subjects rated their imaginative skills, levels of anger, frustration, and/or relief when imagining negative events as well as following forgiveness. Forgiveness was associated with positive emotional states as compared to unforgive…
matched on Emotional Regulation (keyword), emotion regulation (text)
Family-Oriented and Individual-Oriented Lived Experiences in the Narrative Descriptions of Sibling Dyads with Parents Diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder.
This study examined how sibling dyads in families with a parent diagnosed with bipolar disorder navigate shared adversity and develop interconnected lived experience orientations toward parental mental illness. A qualitative secondary analysis of narrative inquiry data was conducted using semi-structured interviews with four sibling dyads (seven females and one male, aged 20-32). Guided by narrative inquiry principles and the SHARE framework, the analysis examined seven dimensions: life focus, emotions toward family, coping with parental mental illness, supporting family, perceived gains and losses, perceptions of siblings, and perceptions of sibling relationships. Two interrelated orientations were identified. Family-oriented experiences involved emotional closeness, caregiving engagement, and active illness management, whereas individual-oriented experiences emphasized autonomy, self-p…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Shift and Persist in Mexican American Youth: A Longitudinal Test of Depressive Symptoms.
This paper tested whether shift-&-persist coping, or coping involving the combination of cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, and optimism (Chen & Miller, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2012, 7, 135), attenuates the risks presented by economic hardship and ethnic discrimination for change in depressive symptoms from 9th to 12th grade, in a sample of 674 Mexican American youth (Mage W1 = 10.86; 50% female; 72% US born) and whether this effect depends on ethnic pride. Structural equation modeling indicated that, when accounting for economic hardship, shift-&-persist was associated with fewer concurrent depression symptoms. Youth with lower ethnic pride who endorsed high levels of shift-&-persist were protected against the negative impacts of peer ethnic discrimination on depressive symptoms. Future research on ethnic discrimination should examine patterns of coping and identity that …
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text)
Development of an early intervention programme for adolescents with emotion dysregulation and their families: Actions for the treatment of adolescent personality (ATraPA).
Aim: Borderline personality disorder and severe emotion dysregulation in adolescence is a major public health concern. Dialectical Behaviour Therapy is a promising treatment for suicidality in adolescents. The aim of this work is to present an adaptation of this intervention to the Spanish national health system, Actions for the Treatment of Adolescent Personality (ATraPA).
Method: Data consists of a description of the different ATraPA subprogrammes, including interventions for adolescents aged 13 to 17 and their families. Participants were referred to ATraPA from different hospitals within the region of Madrid, Spain.
Results: ATraPA has been developed as an intensive outpatient treatment and it comprises different subprogrammes. ATraPA-TAI is an intensive outpatient treatment, including a skills-based group, individual therapy and email therapy. ATraPA-FAL is a psychoeducational interv…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Why dysfunctional expectations in depression persist - Results from two experimental studies investigating cognitive immunization.
Background: Research has revealed that negative expectations impact depressive symptoms. However, research on the change of dysfunctional expectations in depression is lacking so far. Therefore, the present research aimed to fill this gap by testing the hypothesis that people with the major depressive disorder (MDD), contrary to healthy individuals, maintain their expectations despite experiences that positively disconfirm expectations. Further, it was hypothesized that cognitive immunization (a cognitive reappraisal of the disconfirming evidence) is a mechanism underlying the persistence of expectations.
Method: In Study 1, we compared individuals with MDD (N = 58) to healthy individuals (N = 59). Participants worked on the same performance test and received standardized feedback that either confirmed or disconfirmed their initial performance expectations. In Study 2, we investigated th…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text)
Kramer U (2017)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usClinical psychology & psychotherapy16 citations The Role of Coping Change in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Process-Outcome Analysis on Dialectical-Behaviour Skills Training.
Difficulty in emotion regulation is a hallmark feature of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Skills training concepts based on dialectical-behaviour therapy (DBT) are common and effective treatment options for specifically addressing lacking skills in emotion regulation. However, so far it is unclear which aspects of coping change over the course of DBT skills training and if these coping strategies predict symptom change. The present process-outcome analysis, based on a randomized controlled study, aims at investigating these questions, by referring to a general conception of coping and by using an observer-rated approach to assess coping strategies directly in the therapy sessions. In total, n = 31 patients with BPD underwent two individual clinical interview assessments (pre- and post-study intervention; half of the patients underwent DBT skills training, half were i…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Compas BE, Bemis H, Gerhardt CA, Dunn MJ, Rodriguez EM, Desjardins L, Preacher KJ, Manring S, Vannatta K (2015)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association68 citations Mothers and fathers coping with their children's cancer: Individual and interpersonal processes.
Objective: To examine individual and interpersonal processes of coping and emotional distress in a sample of mothers and fathers of children with recently diagnosed cancer.
Method: A sample of 317 mothers and 166 fathers of 334 children were recruited near the time of the child's cancer diagnosis or relapse (M = 1.4 months, SD = 1.2). Mothers and fathers completed standardized measures of coping and depressive symptoms.
Results: Analyses of individual coping responses revealed that, for both mothers and fathers, primary control coping (e.g., problem solving, emotional modulation) and secondary control coping (e.g., acceptance, cognitive reappraisal) were associated with lower depressive symptoms. Interpersonal analyses of coping and distress indicated that mothers' and fathers' coping as well as depressive symptoms were significantly correlated. Actor-partner interdependence model analys…
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Compas BE, Desjardins L, Vannatta K, Young-Saleme T, Rodriguez EM, Dunn M, Bemis H, Snyder S, Gerhardt CA (2014)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association71 citations Children and adolescents coping with cancer: self- and parent reports of coping and anxiety/depression.
Objective: The diagnosis and treatment of cancer present children and adolescents with significant stress. However, research on the ways that children and adolescents cope with cancer-related stress has not yielded clear findings on the efficacy of different coping strategies, and has been limited by reliance primarily on self-reports of both coping and distress. To address this gap, the current study used a control-based model of coping to examine self- and parent reports of child/adolescent coping and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a sample of children with cancer.
Method: Children and adolescents (5 to 17 years old) and their parents were recruited near the time of a child's diagnosis or relapse of cancer (M = 1.30 months postdiagnosis). Child self-reports (n = 153), mother reports (n = 297), and father reports (n = 161) of children's coping and symptoms of anxiety/depression w…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text)
Chronic stress, cortisol dysfunction, and pain: a psychoneuroendocrine rationale for stress management in pain rehabilitation.
Pain is a primary symptom driving patients to seek physical therapy, and its attenuation commonly defines a successful outcome. A large body of evidence is dedicated to elucidating the relationship between chronic stress and pain; however, stress is rarely addressed in pain rehabilitation. A physiologic stress response may be evoked by fear or perceived threat to safety, status, or well-being and elicits the secretion of sympathetic catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinepherine) and neuroendocrine hormones (cortisol) to promote survival and motivate success. Cortisol is a potent anti-inflammatory that functions to mobilize glucose reserves for energy and modulate inflammation. Cortisol also may facilitate the consolidation of fear-based memories for future survival and avoidance of danger. Although short-term stress may be adaptive, maladaptive responses (eg, magnification, rumination,…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text)
Increased gray matter volume in the right angular and posterior parahippocampal gyri in loving-kindness meditators.
Previous voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies have revealed that meditation is associated with structural brain changes in regions underlying cognitive processes that are required for attention or mindfulness during meditation. This VBM study examined brain changes related to the practice of an emotion-oriented meditation: loving-kindness meditation (LKM). A 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner captured images of the brain structures of 25 men, 10 of whom had practiced LKM in the Theravada tradition for at least 5 years. Compared with novices, more gray matter volume was detected in the right angular and posterior parahippocampal gyri in LKM experts. The right angular gyrus has not been previously reported to have structural differences associated with meditation, and its specific role in mind and cognitive empathy theory suggests the uniqueness of this finding for LKM practice.…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), affect regulation (text)
Predictors of continuation and cessation of nonsuicidal self-injury.
Purpose: This paper reports the first prospective study of risk factors for continuation of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) during adolescence.
Methods: We examined whether NSSI became more severe among those continuing to self-injure 1 year later, as well as characteristics and predictors of continuation, relative to cessation, drawn from a sample of 1,973 community-based adolescents from five states in Australia. Multiple sociodemographic and psychosocial factors were assessed in a series of sequential logistic regressions.
Results: Of those reporting NSSI at follow-up (12% total sample), 4.1% (95% CI: 3.3%-5.0%; n = 80) continued from baseline and an additional 4.1% had stopped this behavior by follow-up (95% CI: 3.3%-5.1%, n = 81; 3.8% new cases). Frequency, potential lethality and number of methods of NSSI increased among adolescents continuing to self-injure. These individuals also …
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text)
Seminowicz DA, Shpaner M, Keaser ML, Krauthamer GM, Mantegna J, Dumas JA, Newhouse PA, Filippi CG, Keefe FJ, Naylor MR (2013)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe journal of pain216 citations Cognitive-behavioral therapy increases prefrontal cortex gray matter in patients with chronic pain.
Unlabelled: Several studies have reported reduced cerebral gray matter (GM) volume or density in chronic pain conditions, but there is limited research on the plasticity of the human cortex in response to psychological interventions. We investigated GM changes after cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients with chronic pain. We used voxel-based morphometry to compare anatomic magnetic resonance imaging scans of 13 patients with mixed chronic pain types before and after an 11-week CBT treatment and to 13 healthy control participants. CBT led to significant improvements in clinical measures. Patients did not differ from healthy controls in GM anywhere in the brain. After treatment, patients had increased GM in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal, posterior parietal, subgenual anterior cingulate/orbitofrontal, and sensorimotor cortices, as well as hippocampus, and reduced GM in supp…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text)
Motives for caring: relationship to stress and coping dimensions.
Background: Although research has highlighted the importance of including cultural factors in the analysis of caregiver stress, little is known about the effects of motives for caregiving on the stress and coping process. This study is aimed at analyzing the dimensional structure of the Cultural Justifications for Caregiving Scale - Revised (CJCS-R), and the effects of motives for caregiving on stressors, caregiver resources and outcome variables.
Methods: Dementia caregivers (N = 166) were interviewed and the following variables were assessed: motives for caregiving (CJCS-R), stressors (frequency of behavioral problems), resources (rumination, cognitive reappraisal), and outcomes (depression, anxiety and anger).
Results: A bidimensional structure was obtained for the CJCS-R, and the two factors were labeled Intrinsic and Extrinsic motives for caregiving. Participants were divided into f…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), cognitive reappraisal (text)
Sahdra BK, MacLean KA, Ferrer E, Shaver PR, Rosenberg EL, Jacobs TL, Zanesco AP, King BG, Aichele SR, Bridwell DA, Mangun GR, Lavy S, Wallace BA, Saron CD (2011)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usEmotion (Washington, D.C.)93 citations Enhanced response inhibition during intensive meditation training predicts improvements in self-reported adaptive socioemotional functioning.
We examined the impact of training-induced improvements in self-regulation, operationalized in terms of response inhibition, on longitudinal changes in self-reported adaptive socioemotional functioning. Data were collected from participants undergoing 3 months of intensive meditation training in an isolated retreat setting (Retreat 1) and a wait-list control group that later underwent identical training (Retreat 2). A 32-min response inhibition task (RIT) was designed to assess sustained self-regulatory control. Adaptive functioning (AF) was operationalized as a single latent factor underlying self-report measures of anxious and avoidant attachment, mindfulness, ego resilience, empathy, the five major personality traits (extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience), difficulties in emotion regulation, depression, anxiety, and psychological well…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation in anxious children.
Recent models of anxiety disorders emphasize abnormalities in emotional reactivity and regulation. However, the empirical basis for this view is limited, particularly in children and adolescents. The present study examined whether anxious children suffer both negative emotional hyper-reactivity and deficits in cognitive emotion regulation. Participants were 49 children aged 10-17 with generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, or separation anxiety disorder as their primary diagnosis, as well as 42 age- and gender-matched non-anxious controls. After completing a diagnostic interview and self-report questionnaires, participants were presented with pictures of threatening scenes with the instructions either to simply view them or to use reappraisal, a cognitive emotion regulation strategy, to decrease their negative emotional response. Emotion ratings, content analysis of reappraisal re…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Maternal depression and anxiety across the postpartum year and infant social engagement, fear regulation, and stress reactivity.
Objective: To examine the effects of maternal depression on infant social engagement, fear regulation, and cortisol reactivity as compared with maternal anxiety disorders and controls and to assess the role of maternal sensitivity in moderating the relations between maternal depression and infant outcome.
Method: Using an extreme-case design, 971 women reported symptoms of anxiety and depression after childbirth and 215 of those at the high and low ends were reevaluated at 6 months. At 9 months, mothers diagnosed with a major depressive disorder (n = 22) and anxiety disorders (n = 19) and matched controls reporting no symptoms across the postpartum year (n = 59) were visited at home. Infant social engagement was observed during mother-infant interaction, emotion regulation was microcoded from a fear paradigm, and mother's and infant's cortisol were sampled at baseline, reactivity, and re…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
What's inside the minds of securely and insecurely attached people? The secure-base script and its associations with attachment-style dimensions.
In 8 studies the authors explored the procedural knowledge (secure-base script; H. S. Waters & E. Waters, 2006) associated with secure attachment (i.e., low scores on attachment anxiety and avoidance). The studies assessed the accessibility, richness, and automaticity of the secure-base script and the extent to which it guided the processing of attachment-relevant information. Secure attachment (lower scores on anxiety and avoidance) was associated with greater secure-base "scriptedness" of attachment narratives, greater accessibility of the secure-base script in narratives and dreams about distressing experiences, deeper processing of script-relevant information, and faster and more confident script-relevant judgments. In addition, secure participants' tendency to process secure-base information more deeply was evident even 5 days after being exposed to it and was impervious to the depl…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), affect regulation (text)
Measurement of emotion dysregulation in adolescents.
The construct of emotion dysregulation increasingly has been used to explain diverse psychopathologies across the lifespan. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; K. L. Gratz & L. Roemer, 2004) represents the most comprehensive measure of the construct to date and exhibits good reliability and validity in adults; however, the measure has yet to be tested in adolescents. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the DERS in a community sample of 428 adolescents (ages 13-17 years). Exploratory factor analysis supported a 6-factor structure consistent with the 6 DERS subscales. Internal consistencies for the subscales were good to excellent (alphas ranged from .76 to .89). In support of the measure's construct validity, the DERS exhibited robust correlations with psychological problems reflecting emotion dysregulation, specifically depression, anxiety, suicidal …
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Protective and vulnerability factors predicting new-onset depressive episode in a representative of U.S. adolescents.
Purpose: Depressive episodes cause considerable morbidity and mortality in adolescents. We sought to identify factors predicting new onset depressive episode in a representative sample of U.S. adolescents.
Methods: We conducted logistic regression analyses to identify baseline individual, family, school/peer and community factors predicting new-onset depressive episode at a 1-year follow-up in a longitudinal cohort study of 4791 U.S. adolescents. Potential protective and vulnerability factors included individual (sociodemographics, general health and maturity, coping behavior, self-concept, and affect regulation), family (connectedness and conflict), school/peers (acceptance and performance), and community (engagement, delinquency, and adverse events).
Results: African American and Hispanic ethnicity, female gender, and low-income status predicted higher risk of onset of a depressive epi…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), affect regulation (text)
Glucose metabolic changes in the prefrontal cortex are associated with HPA axis response to a psychosocial stressor.
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been well known for its role in higher order cognition, affect regulation and social reasoning. Although the precise underpinnings have not been sufficiently described, increasing evidence also supports a prefrontal involvement in the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Here we investigate the PFC's role in HPA axis regulation during a psychosocial stress exposure in 14 healthy humans. Regional brain metabolism was assessed using positron emission tomography (PET) and injection of fluoro-18-deoxyglucose (FDG). Depending on the exact location within the PFC, increased glucose metabolic rate was associated with lower or higher salivary cortisol concentration in response to a psychosocial stress condition. Metabolic glucose rate in the rostral medial PFC (mPFC) (Brodman area (BA) 9 and BA 10) was negatively associated with stress-indu…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), affect regulation (text)
Initial psychometric properties of the experiences questionnaire: validation of a self-report measure of decentering.
Decentering is defined as the ability to observe one's thoughts and feelings as temporary, objective events in the mind, as opposed to reflections of the self that are necessarily true. The Experiences Questionnaire (EQ) was designed to measure both decentering and rumination but has not been empirically validated. The current study investigated the factor structure of the EQ in both undergraduate and clinical populations. A single, unifactorial decentering construct emerged using 2 undergraduate samples. The convergent and discriminant validity of this decentering factor was demonstrated in negative relationships with measures of depression symptoms, depressive rumination, experiential avoidance, and emotion regulation. Finally, the factor structure of the EQ was replicated in a clinical sample of individuals in remission from depression, and the decentering factor evidenced a negative …
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), emotion regulation (text)
Illness perception and affective symptoms in gastrointestinal cancer patients: A moderated mediation analysis of meaning in life and coping.
Objective: The character of the mediational relations between illness perception and affective symptoms often depends on the coping strategies used by patients. For example, these relationships may be moderated by meaning in life that plays a buffering role against the negative consequences of cancer. This study examined moderated mediation effects of meaning in life and coping on the relationship between illness perception and affective symptoms in cancer patients.
Methods: In this cross-sectional research, 317 gastrointestinal cancer patients who were undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combined therapy treatments were examined. They completed measures of illness perception, affective symptoms, meaning in life, and coping. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and the PROCESS macro.
Results: Illness perception was negatively associated with meaning in life and problem- and meani…
matched on Adaptation, Psychological (mesh), Affect (keyword)
Bedtime procrastination as a typical problem of self-regulation? Insights from the examination of heart rate variability, behavioral regulation and emotion regulation.
Bedtime procrastination (BP), recognized as a common self-regulation issue, is linked to insufficient sleep and in turn, adverse health outcomes. However, the specific contributions of different components of self-regulation - particularly the biological underpinnings - remain insufficiently understood. This cross-sectional study aims to explore the relationship between BP and self-regulation components, namely vagally-mediated HRV (vmHRV) as physiological concomitant of self-regulation, behavioral regulation, and emotion regulation. A final sample of N = 135 adults completed a baseline vmHRV assessment and self-report questionnaires. The results show that higher BP was significantly predicted by lower vmHRV and greater difficulties in behavioral and emotion regulation. Additionally, brooding rumination significantly predicted BP, whereas cognitive reappraisal and reflective rumination d…
matched on cognitive reappraisal (text), emotion regulation (text)