Planning, inhibition and self-control.
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Tafsīr
التفسير6 shownCommentary on the verses above, at most two editions per verse.
en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidi on 24:58en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidicommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
(O ye who believe! Let your slaves, and those of you who have not come to puberty, ask leave of you�) [24:58]. Said ibn �Abbas: �The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, sent a boy from the Helpers, called Mudlij ibn �Amr, to �Umar ibn al-Khattab, May Allah be pleased with him, after noon to summon him. When he entered in, he saw �Umar in a state which the latter disliked to be seen in. And so he said to the Prophet: �O Messenger of Allah, I wish that Allah, exalted is He, give us some commands and prohibitions regarding asking permission before entering�. And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse�. Said Muqatil: �This verse was revealed about Asma� bint Marthid. She had a slave-boy who was quite old and he happened to enter in on her one day at a time in which she disliked him to enter in on her. She went to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him
en-al-jalalayn on 24:58en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
O you who believe let those whom your right hands own of male slaves and female slaves and those of you who have not reached puberty from among the free men and who have not become sexually aware of women ask leave of you three times at three times of the day before the dawn prayer and when you put off your garments at noon and after the night prayer. These are three periods of privacy for you read thalāthu ‘awrātin lakum with nominative inflection as the predicate of an implied subject followed by a genitive annexation with the annexed term standing in place thereof of the predicate in other words the implied predicate followed by the annexation is hiya awqāt ‘these are times of …’; or read thalātha ‘awrātin lakum in the accusative the implication being that awqāta is itself in the accusative as a substitute for the syntactical status of what precedes it in place of which stands the ann
en-al-jalalayn on 24:59en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
And when the children among you O free men reach puberty let them seek permission at all times just as those now older free men sought permission before them. So God clarifies His signs for you and God is Knower Wise.
en-tafisr-ibn-kathir on 24:59en-tafisr-ibn-kathircommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
O you who believe! Let your slaves and slave-girls, and those among you who have not come to the age of puberty ask your permission on three occasions: before the Fajr prayer, and while you put off your clothes during the afternoon, and after the 'Isha' prayer. (These) three (times) are of privacy for you; other than these times there is no sin on you or on them to move about, attending to each other. Thus Allah makes clear the Ayat to you. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise (58)And when the children among you come to puberty, then let them (also) ask for permission, as those senior to them (in age) ask permission. Thus Allah makes clear His Ayat for you. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise (59)And the Qawa'id among women who do not hope for marriage, it is no sin on them if they discard their (outer) clothing in such a way as not to show their adornment. But to refrain is better for them
en-al-jalalayn on 12:44en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
They said this is ‘A jumble a mixture of dreams! And we are not knowledgeable in the interpretation of dreams’.
en-tafisr-ibn-kathir on 12:44en-tafisr-ibn-kathircommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
And the king (of Egypt) said: "Verily, I saw (in a dream) seven fat cows, whom seven lean ones were devouring, and seven green ears of corn, and (seven) others dry. O notables! Explain to me my dream, if it be that you can interpret dreams (43)They said: "Mixed up false dreams and we are not skilled in the interpretation of dreams. (44)Then the man who was released, now at length remembered and said: "I will tell you its interpretation, so send me forth. (45)(He said): "O Yusuf, the man of truth! Explain to us seven fat cows whom seven lean ones were devouring, and seven green ears of corn, and (seven) others dry, that I may return to the people, and that they may know. (46)[Yusuf] said: "For seven consecutive years, you shall sow as usual and that which you reap you shall leave it in the ears, (all) except a little of it which you may eat. (47)"Then will come after that, seven hard (yea
Research library
المكتبة البحثية1,075 works heldPeer-reviewed work held with its DOI and abstract, labelled with the study design its publication types report. None of it has been read or assessed, so nothing here may be cited as showing anything. Retracted work is held for the record but never listed; a review that a later version replaced is listed under its replacement and marked.
10.1111/jcpp.12675Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines (2017)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Executive Function, Impulsive Behavior, Inhibition, Psychological, Self-Control, Self-Control, executive function Annual Research Review: On the relations among self-regulation, self-control, executive functioning, effortful control, cognitive control, impulsivity, risk-taking, and inhibition for developmental psychopathology.: Background: Self-regulation (SR) is central to developmental psychopathology, but progress has been impeded by varying terminology and meanings across fields and literatures.
Methods: The present review attempts to move that discussion forward by noting key sources of prior confusion such as measurement-concept confounding, and then arguing the following major points.
Results: First, the field needs a domain-general construct of SR that encompasses SR of action, emotion, and cognition and involv
10.1017/s0954579418001190Development and psychopathology (2019)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Executive Function, Self-Control, executive function, inhibitory control A Preliminary, Randomized-Controlled Trial of Mindfulness and Game-Based Executive Function Trainings to Promote Self-Regulation in Internationally-Adopted Children.: Although many children adopted internationally show remarkable recovery once placed in families, as a group they continue to exhibit persisting developmental deficits and delays in self-regulation. The current study uses a stratified, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effects of mindfulness-based and executive function trainings (EFTs) on internationally adopted (IA) children's self-regulation, including effortful/inhibitory control, attention, delay of gratification, and emotion-regu
10.1016/j.brat.2015.11.009Behaviour research and therapy (2016)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Executive Function, Inhibition, Psychological, executive function, Delay Discounting Can the attention training technique turn one marshmallow into two? Improving children's ability to delay gratification.: The seminal Marshmallow Test (Mischel & Ebbesen, 1970) has reliably demonstrated that children who can delay gratification are more likely to be emotionally stable and successful later in life. However, this is not good news for those children who can't delay. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether a metacognitive therapy technique, Attention Training (ATT: Wells, 1990) can improve young children's ability to delay gratification. One hundred children participated. Classes of 5-6 year old
10.1002/da.22539Depression and anxiety (2017)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Executive Function, Inhibition, Psychological, executive function, working memory The relationships between rumination and core executive functions: A meta-analysis.: Background: Rumination has been thought to relate to deficits in core executive functions (EFs), but the empirical findings for this idea are mixed. The aim of the present study is to synthesize existing literature to clarify these relations.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search revealed 34 published as well as unpublished studies on the associations between rumination and core EF. These studies report on 3,066 participants. The effect size in the meta-analyses was obtained by the z transf
10.1016/j.arr.2019.100912Ageing research reviews (2019)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Executive Function, Inhibition, Psychological, executive function, working memory Cognitive and neural plasticity in old age: A systematic review of evidence from executive functions cognitive training.: Cognitive training is a popular intervention aimed at attenuating age-related cognitive decline, however, the effects of this intervention on brain structure and function have not been thoroughly explored. Core executive functions (working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility) are dependent upon prefrontal brain regions-one of the most vulnerable areas of age-related decline. They are also implicated in numerous cognitive processes and higher-order functions. Training executive functions sh
10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.008Biological psychiatry (2014)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Impulsive Behavior, Inhibition, Psychological, Delay Discounting, working memory Remember the future II: meta-analyses and functional overlap of working memory and delay discounting.: Previously we showed that working memory training decreased the discounting of future rewards in stimulant addicts without affecting a go/no-go task. While a relationship between delay discounting and working memory is consistent with other studies, the unique brain regions of plausible causality between these two abilities have yet to be determined. Activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses were performed on foci from studies of delay discounting (DD = 449), working memory (WM = 452), fing
Research library, full list
176 to 200 of 1,075Effects of smoking abstinence on smoking-reinforced responding, withdrawal, and cognition in adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Rationale: Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a more difficult time quitting smoking compared to their non-ADHD peers. Little is known about the underlying behavioral mechanisms associated with this increased risk.
Objectives: This study aims to assess the effects of 24-h smoking abstinence in adult smokers with and without ADHD on the following outcomes: smoking-reinforced responding, withdrawal, and cognitive function.
Methods: Thirty-three (n = 16 with ADHD, 17 without ADHD) adult smokers (more than or equal to ten cigarettes/day) were enrolled. Each participant completed two experimental sessions: one following smoking as usual and one following biochemically verified 24-h smoking abstinence. Smoking-reinforced responding measured via a progressive ratio task, smoking withdrawal measured via questionnaire, and cognition measured via a continuous per…
matched on Executive Function (mesh), inhibitory control (text)
Moderating Effects of Social Determinants of Health on Quality of Life in Expressive Writing Interventions Among Chinese American Breast Cancer Survivors.
Objective: Chinese American breast cancer survivors (CABCS) often face cultural challenges regarding emotional expression. Expressive writing (EW) interventions can improve emotional expression and, thus, quality of life (QOL), but individual responses to EW may vary. We examined whether specific social determinants of health (SDOH)-personal income, education, employment status, and marital status-moderated the effect of EW on QOL among CABCS.
Methods: A three-arm randomized controlled trial of EW was conducted among CABCS (N = 136). Conditions were self-regulation (SR; emotions, coping, positivity), enhanced self-regulation (ESR; coping, emotions, positivity), and cancer facts (control). Participants completed three weekly writing sessions. Separate residual change regressions were performed to examine interactions between intervention condition and each of the four SDOH variables on 6-…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Network intervention analysis to assess the trajectory of change and intervention effects associated with the use of self-control training for ego depletion aftereffects.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use the advanced technique of Network Intervention Analysis (NIA) to investigate the trajectory of symptom change associated with the effects of self-control training on youth university students' chronic ego depletion aftereffects.
Methods: The nine nodes of chronic ego depletion aftereffects and integrated self-control training were taken as nodes in the network and analyzed using NIA. Networks were computed at the baseline, at the end of treatment, at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month follow up. 62 samples were recruited from universities and randomly divided into two groups. The sample ranged in age from 18 to 25 years and included both males and females.
Results: Self-control training interventions directly improved the states of low self-efficacy, low adherence, and work burnout, as well as indirectly alleviated fatigue, emotional regulation diso…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
A randomised controlled trial (MindChamp) of a mindfulness-based intervention for children with ADHD and their parents.
Background: Family mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) for child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) targets child self-control, parenting and parental mental health, but its effectiveness is still unclear.
Methods: MindChamp is a pre-registered randomised controlled trial comparing an 8-week family MBI (called 'MYmind') in addition to care-as-usual (CAU) (n = 55) with CAU-only (n = 48). Children aged 8-16 years with remaining ADHD symptoms after CAU were enrolled together with a parent. Primary outcome was post-treatment parent-rated child self-control deficits (BRIEF); post hoc, Reliable Change Indexes were explored. Secondary child outcomes included ADHD symptoms (parent/teacher-rated Conners' and SWAN; teacher-rated BRIEF), other psychological symptoms (parent/teacher-rated), well-being (parent-rated) and mindfulness (self-rated). Secondary parent outcomes included self-…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Do exhausted primary school students cheat more? A randomized field experiment.
Motivated by the two-decade-long scientific debate over the existence of the ego-depletion effect, our paper contributes to exploring the scope conditions of ego-depletion theory. Specifically, in a randomized experiment, we depleted students' self-control with a cognitively demanding task that required students' effort. We measured the effect of depleted self-control on a subsequent task that required self-control to not engage in fraudulent cheating behavior-measured with an incentivized dice-roll task-and tested ego-depletion in a large-scale preregistered field experiment that was similar to real-life situations. We hypothesized that treated students would cheat more. The data confirms the hypothesis and provides causal evidence of the ego-depletion effect. Our results provide new insights into the scope conditions of ego-depletion theory, contribute methodological information for fu…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy orientated anger management training on anger ruminations and impulsivity levels in forensic psychiatric patients: A randomized controlled trial.
Purpose: This study aimed at determining the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) orientated anger management training on levels of anger rumination and impulsivity in people receiving forensic mental healthcare.
Design and methods: This was a randomized controlled study. The research data were collected between July 2018 and February 2019. The personal information form, Anger Rumination Scale, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were used for data collection.
Findings: Total scores on the Barratt Impulsiveness and Anger Rumination Scales were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.001).
Practice implications: This study adds to existing evidence on the provision of anger management training, offering an evidence-based solution along with necessary knowledge and skills for use by forensic psychiatric nurses.
matched on Impulsive Behavior (mesh)
Effect of self-regulatory behaviour change techniques and predictors of physical activity maintenance in cancer survivors: a 12-month follow-up of the Phys-Can RCT.
Background: Current knowledge about the promotion of long-term physical activity (PA) maintenance in cancer survivors is limited. The aims of this study were to 1) determine the effect of self-regulatory BCTs on long-term PA maintenance, and 2) identify predictors of long-term PA maintenance in cancer survivors 12 months after participating in a six-month exercise intervention during cancer treatment.
Methods: In a multicentre study with a 2 × 2 factorial design, the Phys-Can RCT, 577 participants with curable breast, colorectal or prostate cancer and starting their cancer treatment, were randomized to high intensity exercise with or without self-regulatory behaviour change techniques (BCTs; e.g. goal-setting and self-monitoring) or low-to-moderate intensity exercise with or without self-regulatory BCTs. Participants' level of PA was assessed at the end of the exercise intervention and 1…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Using mental contrasting with implementation intentions to reduce bedtime procrastination: two randomised trials.
Objective: The importance of getting a good night sleep is critical, yet for many this remains elusive. Bedtime procrastination-the notion that people delay going to bed for no legitimate reason-is one area that has received little attention, despite its associations with worse sleep outcomes. In the present research, we investigated how to effectively self-regulate bedtime procrastination. Design: In two studies (N1 = 383, N2 = 221), undergraduate students participated either in an online self-regulation exercise called mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) or a motivationally-relevant control exercise (Study 1) or a sleep hygiene control group (Study 2). We then assessed outcomes three weeks (Study 1) or one week (Study 2) later. Main Outcome Measures: We assessed commitment to reduce bedtime procrastination and self-reported bedtime procrastination using two differe…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Mindfulness Training Enhances Self-Regulation and Facilitates Health Behavior Change for Primary Care Patients: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Background: Self-management of health is important for improving health outcomes among primary care patients with chronic disease. Anxiety and depressive disorders are common and interfere with self-regulation, which is required for disease self-management. An insurance-reimbursable mindfulness intervention integrated within primary care may be effective for enhancing chronic disease self-management behaviors among primary care patients with anxiety, depression, trauma, and stress-related and adjustment disorders compared with the increasingly standard practice of referring patients to outside mindfulness resources.
Objective: Mindfulness Training for Primary Care (MTPC) is an 8-week, referral-based, insurance-reimbursable program integrated into safety-net health system patient-centered medical homes. We hypothesized that MTPC would be more effective for catalyzing chronic disease self-…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Zhao Z, Yao S, Li K, Sindermann C, Zhou F, Zhao W, Li J, Lührs M, Goebel R, Kendrick KM, Becker B (2019)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPsychotherapy and psychosomatics75 citations Real-Time Functional Connectivity-Informed Neurofeedback of Amygdala-Frontal Pathways Reduces Anxiety.
Background: Deficient emotion regulation and exaggerated anxiety represent a major transdiagnostic psychopathological marker. On the neural level these deficits have been closely linked to impaired, yet treatment-sensitive, prefrontal regulatory control over the amygdala. Gaining direct control over these pathways could therefore provide an innovative and promising intervention to regulate exaggerated anxiety. To this end the current proof-of-concept study evaluated the feasibility, functional relevance and maintenance of a novel connectivity-informed real-time fMRI neurofeedback training.
Methods: In a randomized crossover sham-controlled design, 26 healthy subjects with high anxiety underwent real-time fMRI-guided neurofeedback training to enhance connectivity between the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and the amygdala (target pathway) during threat exposure. Maintenance of re…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Emotion regulation mediates the relationship between ACES and physical and mental health.
Objective: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have consistently been associated with a range of negative psychological and physical outcomes in adulthood. Despite the strength of this association, no studies to date have investigated psychological processes that might underlie this relationship. The current study evaluated emotion regulation as a potential mediator between ACEs and three outcomes: PTSD symptoms, depression and poor physical health, all of which are frequently co-occurring among women with ACEs.
Method: Mediational analyses were conducted with baseline data from a sample of 290 women enrolled in a clinical trial for PTSD. Emotion regulation was assessed with the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS), PTSD with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), depression with the Brief Symptom Inventory Depression subscale (BSI-D) and physical he…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Lu Q, Gallagher MW, Loh A, Young L (2018)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usAnnals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine47 citations Expressive Writing Intervention Improves Quality of Life Among Chinese-American Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Background: Expressive writing interventions are shown to confer health benefits for Caucasian cancer survivors. However, few studies reported improved quality of life or studied ethnic minorities.
Purpose: The study evaluated whether a culturally sensitive expressive writing intervention improved quality of life.
Methods: Chinese-speaking breast cancer survivors (n = 136) in the USA were randomly assigned to one of three conditions to write three 30-min weekly essays: a cancer-fact condition to write about facts relevant to the cancer experience for three weeks; a self-regulation condition to write about deepest feelings at week 1, stress and coping at week 2, and finding benefits at week 3; or an enhanced self-regulation condition to write about stress and coping at week 1, deepest feelings at week 2, and finding benefits at week 3. Quality of life was assessed by Functional Assessment…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Influence of adjuvant omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids on depression, sleep, and emotion regulation among outpatients with major depressive disorders - Results from a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Background: Extant literature shows that adjuvant omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3PUFAs) to a standard antidepressant medication impacts favorably on symptoms of depression in participants with major depressive disorders (MDD). The aim of the present study was to investigate, if and to what extent compared to placebo adjuvant O3PUFAs had a favorable impact on symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep and emotion regulation among outpatients with MDD.
Method: A total of 50 outpatients (mean age: M = 42.46; 68% females) took part in this randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. They were randomly assigned either to the O3PUFA- or to the placebo-condition. Standard medication was sertraline at therapeutic dosages. At baseline, six weeks and 12 weeks later at study completion participants completed questionnaires covering symptoms of depression, anxiety sensitivity, intoler…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Efficacy of a web-based intervention with and without guidance for employees with risky drinking: results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial.
Aims: To test the efficacy of a web-based alcohol intervention with and without guidance.
Design: Three parallel groups with primary end-point after 6 weeks.
Setting: Open recruitment in the German working population.
Participants: Adults (178 males/256 females, mean age 47 years) consuming at least 21/14 weekly standard units of alcohol (SUA) and scoring ≥ 8/6 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.
Intervention: Five web-based modules including personalized normative feedback, motivational interviewing, goal setting, problem-solving and emotion regulation during 5 weeks. One intervention group received an unguided self-help version (n=146) and the second received additional adherence-focused guidance by eCoaches (n=144). Controls were on a waiting list with full access to usual care (n=144).
Measurements: Primary outcome was weekly consumed SUA after 6 weeks. SUA after 6 mont…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Acceptance and commitment therapy for psychosis and trauma: Improvement in psychiatric symptoms, emotion regulation, and treatment compliance following a brief group intervention.
Objectives: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has shown effectiveness for individuals with psychosis and individuals with a history of childhood trauma, but has not been investigated with people with psychosis who also have a history of childhood trauma. This study aims at determining the efficacy of a mindfulness-based ACT with this clientele in diminishing psychiatric symptoms, trauma-related symptoms, as well as in improving treatment adherence.
Design and methods: Fifty participants meeting our inclusion criteria were recruited and randomized to take part in either 10 sessions of ACT group, or Treatment as Usual (TAU).
Results: Using RCT it was found that symptom severity, for both overall symptoms (BPRS) and anxiety (GAD), decreased over the course of the treatment, and participants' ability to regulate their emotional reactions (i.e., accept them) increased. The study also fo…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Maintaining Mental Health Through Positive Writing: Effects of a Resource Diary on Depression and Emotion Regulation.
Objective: The present study investigated the beneficial effects of the resource-oriented positive writing intervention resource diary (RD) on mental health variables among patients recently discharged from psychiatric inpatient treatment.
Method: Eighty-nine patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention group completing RD over the course of 4 weeks (n = 45) or a control group receiving no intervention (n = 44). To measure changes in mental health, patients filled out a number of self-report questionnaires on depression, emotion regulation, and resource activation before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Participants completing RD had significantly lower depression scores than controls and reported an increased use of the functional emotion regulation strategy "reappraisal" 5 weeks after discharge. A decreased use of the dysfunctional strategy "expressive suppression" wa…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Does a short self-compassion intervention for students increase healthy self-regulation? A randomized control trial.
The primary aim of this study was to examine the effects of a two-week self-compassion course on healthy self-regulation (personal growth self-efficacy and healthy impulse control) and unhealthy self-regulation (self-judgment and habitual negative self-directed thinking) in university students. We also examined the effects on self-compassion, anxiety and depression. Students (N = 158, 85% women, mean age = 25 years) were randomized to an intervention group and a waiting-list control group in a multi-baseline randomized control trial. Healthy self-control was measured by the Personal Growth Initiative Scale (PGIS) and the Self-Control Scale; unhealthy self-control was measured by the Non-judgement subscale from the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (reversed) and the Habit Index of Negative Thinking (HINT). Secondary outcomes were measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-tra…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Masaki C, Sharpley AL, Cooper CM, Godlewska BR, Singh N, Vasudevan SR, Harmer CJ, Churchill GC, Sharp T, Rogers RD, Cowen PJ (2016)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPsychopharmacology59 citations Effects of the potential lithium-mimetic, ebselen, on impulsivity and emotional processing.
Rationale: Lithium remains the most effective treatment for bipolar disorder and also has important effects to lower suicidal behaviour, a property that may be linked to its ability to diminish impulsive, aggressive behaviour. The antioxidant drug, ebselen, has been proposed as a possible lithium-mimetic based on its ability in animals to inhibit inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), an action which it shares with lithium.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine whether treatment with ebselen altered emotional processing and diminished measures of risk-taking behaviour.
Methods: We studied 20 healthy participants who were tested on two occasions receiving either ebselen (3600 mg over 24 h) or identical placebo in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design. Three hours after the final dose of ebselen/placebo, participants completed the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) and a task th…
matched on Impulsive Behavior (mesh)
Lillis J, Niemeier HM, Thomas JG, Unick J, Ross KM, Leahey TM, Kendra KE, Dorfman L, Wing RR (2016)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)56 citations A randomized trial of an acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight loss in people with high internal disinhibition.
Objective: To determine whether an acceptance-based behavioral intervention (ABBI) produces better weight losses than standard behavioral treatment (SBT) among individuals reporting high internal disinhibition.
Methods: Participants were 162 adults with overweight or obesity (mean BMI 37.6 kg/m2 ) randomly assigned to ABBI or SBT. Both interventions provided the same calorie intake target, exercise goal, and self-monitoring skills training. SBT incorporated current best practice interventions for addressing problematic thoughts and emotions. ABBI utilized acceptance-based techniques based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. ABBI and SBT were compared on weight change and internal disinhibition change over 24 months.
Results: Mixed models analysis showed mean weight loss at 24 months was -4.1% (SE = 0.88) for ABBI and -2.4% (SE = 0.87) for SBT (P = 0.204). Secondary analyses showed that…
matched on Inhibition, Psychological (mesh)
Effects of ParentCorps in Prekindergarten on Child Mental Health and Academic Performance: Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial Through 8 Years of Age.
Importance: Low-income minority children living in urban neighborhoods are at high risk for mental health problems and underachievement. ParentCorps, a family-centered, school-based intervention in prekindergarten, improves parenting and school readiness (ie, self-regulation and preacademic skills) in 2 randomized clinical trials. The longer-term effect on child mental health and academic performance is not known.
Objective: To examine whether ParentCorps delivered as an enhancement to prekindergarten programs in high-poverty urban schools leads to fewer mental health problems and increased academic performance in the early elementary school years.
Design, setting, and participants: This is a 3-year follow-up study of a cluster randomized clinical trial of ParentCorps in public schools with prekindergarten programs in New York City. Ten elementary schools serving a primarily low-income, …
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Storr SM, Sparks P (2016)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPsychology & health8 citations Does self-affirmation following ego depletion moderate restrained eaters' explicit preferences for, and implicit associations with, high-calorie foods?
Objective: The difficulty for chronic dieters (i.e. restrained eaters) in regulating their food intake is a conflict between two apparently incompatible goals: eating enjoyment and weight control. The latter goal consistently relies on the deployment of cognitive resources, and very often on a significant amount of self-control. This study investigated whether self-affirmation might counteract the effect of ego depletion on restrained eaters' motivation to consume high-calorie foods.
Design: Participants (N = 183) were assigned to one of four conditions in a 2 × 2 (Ego depletion × Self-Affirmation) experimental design and were subsequently exposed to images of high- and low-calorie foods.
Main outcome measures: Participants completed tasks assessing their implicit and explicit preferences for high vs. low-calorie foods, along with a measure of the perceived self-control required to resis…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Mindfulness-based training attenuates insula response to an aversive interoceptive challenge.
Neuroimaging studies of mindfulness training (MT) modulate anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula among other brain regions, which are important for attentional control, emotional regulation and interoception. Inspiratory breathing load (IBL) is an experimental approach to examine how an individual responds to an aversive stimulus. Military personnel are at increased risk for cognitive, emotional and physiological compromise as a consequence of prolonged exposure to stressful environments and, therefore, may benefit from MT. This study investigated whether MT modulates neural processing of interoceptive distress in infantry marines scheduled to undergo pre-deployment training and deployment to Afghanistan. Marines were divided into two groups: individuals who received training as usual (control) and individuals who received an additional 20-h mindfulness-based mind fitness training (…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on EEG Alpha Asymmetry and Anxiety Symptoms in Male Athletes: A Pilot Study.
Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BFB) has been shown as useful tool to manage stress in various populations. The present study was designed to investigate whether the biofeedback-based stress management tool consisting of rhythmic breathing, actively self-generated positive emotions and a portable biofeedback device induce changes in athletes' HRV, EEG patterns, and self-reported anxiety and self-esteem. The study involved 41 healthy male athletes, aged 16-21 (mean 18.34 ± 1.36) years. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: biofeedback and control. Athletes in the biofeedback group received HRV biofeedback training, athletes in the control group didn't receive any intervention. During the randomized controlled trial (days 0-21), the mean anxiety score declined significantly for the intervention group (change-4 p < 0.001) but not for the control group (p = 0.817). In a…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Does self-control improve with practice? Evidence from a six-week training program.
Can self-control be improved through practice? Several studies have found that repeated practice of tasks involving self-control improves performance on other tasks relevant to self-control. However, in many of these studies, improvements after training could be attributable to methodological factors (e.g., passive control conditions). Moreover, the extent to which the effects of training transfer to real-life settings is not yet clear. In the present research, participants (N = 174) completed a 6-week training program of either cognitive or behavioral self-control tasks. We then tested the effects of practice on a range of measures of self-control, including lab-based and real-world tasks. Training was compared with both active and no-contact control conditions. Despite high levels of adherence to the training tasks, there was no effect of training on any measure of self-control. Traine…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)
Watkins LE, DiLillo D, Maldonado RC (2015)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPsychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors42 citations The interactive effects of emotion regulation and alcohol intoxication on lab-based intimate partner aggression.
This study draws on Finkel and Eckhardt's (2013) I³ framework to examine the interactive effects of 2 emotion regulation strategies-anger rumination (an impellance factor) and reappraisal (an inhibition factor), and alcohol intoxication (a disinhibition factor)-on intimate partner aggression (IPA) perpetration as measured with an analogue aggression task. Participants were 69 couples recruited from a large Midwestern university (total N = 138). Participants' trait rumination and reappraisal were measured by self-report. Participants were randomized individually to an alcohol or placebo condition, then recalled an anger event while using 1 of 3 randomly assigned emotion regulation conditions (rumination, reappraisal, or uninstructed). Following this, participants completed an analogue aggression task involving ostensibly assigning white noise blasts to their partner. Participants in the a…
matched on Self-Control (mesh)