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Gratitude and positive affect الشكر

Thankfulness and sustained positive feeling.

Everything below was reached through this subject, not through the words you typed. Every row states how it was reached.

Qurʾān

القرآن6 shown

Verses named for this subject by hand come first. The rest are found by the subject’s own Arabic and English senses and are shown as lexical matches, not as anchors anyone has confirmed.

Qur'ān 14:7Arabic sense: شكر | named: named for theme_bridge theme gratitude | English sense: thank, thankful

وَإِذۡ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمۡ لَئِن شَكَرۡتُمۡ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمۡۖ وَلَئِن كَفَرۡتُمۡ إِنَّ عَذَابِي لَشَدِيدࣱ‏

Remember that He promised, “If you are thankful, I will give you more, but if you are thankless, My punishment is terrible indeed.” ’

Qur'ān 3:144English sense: grateful | Arabic sense: الشكر, حمد, شكر

وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولࣱ قَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلِهِ ٱلرُّسُلُۚ أَفَإِيْن مَّاتَ أَوۡ قُتِلَ ٱنقَلَبۡتُمۡ عَلَىٰٓ أَعۡقَٰبِكُمۡۚ وَمَن يَنقَلِبۡ عَلَىٰ عَقِبَيۡهِ فَلَن يَضُرَّ ٱللَّهَ شَيۡـࣰٔ اۚ وَسَيَجۡزِي ٱللَّهُ ٱلشَّٰكِرِينَ

Muhammad is only a messenger before whom many messengers have been and gone. If he died or was killed, would you revert to your old ways? If anyone did so, he would not harm God in the least. God will reward the grateful

Qur'ān 10:22Arabic sense: الشكر, شكر | English sense: thank, thankful

هُوَ ٱلَّذِي يُسَيِّرُكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡبَرِّ وَٱلۡبَحۡرِۖ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا كُنتُمۡ فِي ٱلۡفُلۡكِ وَجَرَيۡنَ بِهِم بِرِيحࣲ طَيِّبَةࣲ وَفَرِحُواْ بِهَا جَآءَتۡهَا رِيحٌ عَاصِفࣱ وَجَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡمَوۡجُ مِن كُلِّ مَكَانࣲ وَظَنُّوٓاْ أَنَّهُمۡ أُحِيطَ بِهِمۡ دَعَوُاْ ٱللَّهَ مُخۡلِصِينَ لَهُ ٱلدِّينَ لَئِنۡ أَنجَيۡتَنَا مِنۡ هَٰذِهِۦ لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلشَّٰكِرِينَ

It is He who enables you to travel on land and sea until, when you are sailing on ships and rejoicing in the favouring wind, a storm arrives: waves come at those on board from all sides and they feel there is no escape. Then they pray to God, professing sincere devotion to Him, ‘If You save us from this we shall be truly thankful.’

Qur'ān 6:63English sense: thank, thankful | Arabic sense: الشكر, شكر

قُلۡ مَن يُنَجِّيكُم مِّن ظُلُمَٰتِ ٱلۡبَرِّ وَٱلۡبَحۡرِ تَدۡعُونَهُۥ تَضَرُّعࣰ ا وَخُفۡيَةࣰ لَّئِنۡ أَنجَىٰنَا مِنۡ هَٰذِهِۦ لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلشَّٰكِرِينَ

Say [Prophet], ‘Who is it that saves you from the dark depths of land and sea when you humbly and secretly call to Him [and say], “If He rescues us from this, We shall truly be thankful”?’

Qur'ān 7:144English sense: thank, thankful | Arabic sense: الشكر, شكر

قَالَ يَٰمُوسَىٰٓ إِنِّي ٱصۡطَفَيۡتُكَ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ بِرِسَٰلَٰتِي وَبِكَلَٰمِي فَخُذۡ مَآ ءَاتَيۡتُكَ وَكُن مِّنَ ٱلشَّٰكِرِينَ

He said, ‘Moses, I have raised you above other people by [giving you] My messages and speaking to you: hold on to what I have given you; be one of those who give thanks.’

Qur'ān 54:35Arabic sense: شكر, نعمه | English sense: thank, thankful

نِّعۡمَةࣰ مِّنۡ عِندِنَاۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجۡزِي مَن شَكَرَ

as a favour from Us: this is how We reward the thankful

Tafsīr

التفسير6 shown

Commentary on the verses above, at most two editions per verse.

en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidi on 14:7en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidicommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

When your Lord proclaimed, “If you give thanks, I will surely increase you.” In other words: “If you give thanks for submission, I will increase you in faith. If you give thanks for faith, I will increase you in beautiful doing. If you give thanks for beautiful doing, I will in- crease you in recognition. If you give thanks for recognition, I will increase you in union. If you give thanks for union, I will increase you in contemplation. If you give thanks for the gifts that I bestow upon you, I will increase you in the encounter I have promised you.” It has been narrated that David said, “My Lord, how should I give thanks to You, for my giving thanks is a renewal of Your favor toward me.” He said, “O David, what you said now is giving thanks to Me.”

en-al-jalalayn on 14:7en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

And when your Lord proclaimed when He made it known that “If you are thankful for My graces through affirmation of My Oneness and obedience to Me then assuredly I shall give you more; but if you are thankless if you deny the truth of the grace through disbelief and disobedience then assuredly I shall chastise you — as is indicated by His following words — My chastisement is indeed severe” ’.

en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidi on 3:144en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidicommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

MuḤammad is only a messenger. Messengers have passed away before him. What, if he dies or is killed, will you turn back on your heels? If anyone turns back on his heels, he will not harm God in anything, and God will recompense the grateful. As much as MuḤammad is praised and chosen among all men and caressed by the God of the world's folk, as much as he is the pole of the world and the lamp of heaven and earth, the chieftain and full moon of the universe, emulated by the creatures, the paragon of the engendered beings, and the Seal of the Prophets-despite all this, he is a mortal man. Death is fitting for him and an- nihilation applies to him. As many prophets as there have been in the world, all of them went. The Real did not disappear, nor was God harmed. The Real remained after all of them, and God is their keeper in the perfection of His exaltedness. By way of allusion, the folk of

en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidi on 10:22en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidicommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

He it is who makes you journey on land and sea. Even so, when you are in the ship-it takes them along with a goodly breeze, and they rejoice in it; there comes upon them a raging wind, and waves come from every place and they think that they will be encompassed by them; they supplicate God, purifying the religion for Him: " If Thou savest us from this, we shall surely be among the thankful. " In the tongue of the folk of allusion, the journey on land is taking the road to the drinking places of the Shariah through inference by means of the message. The journey on the sea is the overwhelm- ing force of the Real which, at the moment of ecstasy, pulls the reins of the servant's steed without intermediaries through the way stations of the Haqiqah to the places of contemplating holiness. Just as on the sea you make a one-month journey in one day, so also in this field the chevalier traverses

en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidi on 7:144en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidicommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

O Moses, surely I have chosen thee over the people through My messages and My speak- ing. So take what I have given thee, and be one of the thankful. “O Moses, I have held you back from one thing, and that is vision, but I have specified you for many virtues. I have chosen you for messengerhood and I have honored you with eminence of state. Give thanks for all this and recognize these blessings. And be one of the thankful, and do not expose yourself to the station of complaint.” In this meaning has been sung, If they turn away, they are the ones who came in tenderness. How loyal they were, so be patient with them if they break off.

en-al-jalalayn on 3:144en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

With regard to their being routed when it was rumoured that the Prophet had been killed and the hypocrites had said to the believers ‘If he has been killed go back to your previous religion’ the following was revealed Muhammad is only a messenger; messengers have passed away before him. Why if he should die or is slain like others will you turn back on your heels will you return to unbelief the last statement is the locus of the interrogative of denial in other words ‘he was not a worshipped being so that if he were to die you should turn back to your previous religion’. If any man should turn back on his heels he will not harm God in any way but will be harming himself and God will requite those that are thankful for His graces by staying firm.

Ḥadīth

الحديث6 shown

Sound narrations only, and never matched by text. A narration appears here because a compiler filed it under a chapter this subject maps to, or because someone read it and anchored it. Each row says which.

Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1954read and anchored to theme gratitude, pending owner approval

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ مَنْ لاَ يَشْكُرِ النَّاسَ لاَ يَشْكُرِ اللَّهَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ‏.‏

Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah said :"Whoever is not grateful to the people, he is not grateful to Allah

Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1955read and anchored to theme gratitude, pending owner approval

حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرُّؤَاسِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ مَنْ لَمْ يَشْكُرِ النَّاسَ لَمْ يَشْكُرِ اللَّهَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَالأَشْعَثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ وَالنُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ‏.‏

Abu Sa'eed narrated that the Messenger of Allah said :"Whoever is not grateful to the people, he is not grateful to Allah

Jami' at-Tirmidhi 3661read and anchored to theme gratitude, pending owner approval

حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْكُوفِيُّ،قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مَحْبُوبُ بْنُ مُحْرِزٍ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الأَوْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ مَا لأَحَدٍ عِنْدَنَا يَدٌ إِلاَّ وَقَدْ كَافَيْنَاهُ مَا خَلاَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَإِنَّ لَهُ عِنْدَنَا يَدًا يُكَافِئُهُ اللَّهُ بِهَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَمَا نَفَعَنِي مَالُ أَحَدٍ قَطُّ مَا نَفَعَنِي مَالُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَلَوْ كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذًا خَلِيلاً لاَتَّخَذْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ خَلِيلاً أَلاَ وَإِنَّ صَاحِبَكُمْ خَلِيلُ اللَّهِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ ‏.‏

Narrated Abu Hurairah:that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "There is no favor due upon us from anyone, except that we have repaid him, with the exception of Abu Bakr. Verily upon us, there is a favor due to him, which Allah will repay him on the Day of Judgement. No one's wealth has benefited me as Abu Bakr's wealth has benefited me. And if I were to take a Khalil, then I would have taken Abu Bakr as a Khalil, and indeed your companion is Allah's Khalil

Sunan Abi Dawud 1672read and anchored to theme gratitude, pending owner approval

حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ مَنِ اسْتَعَاذَ بِاللَّهِ فَأَعِيذُوهُ وَمَنْ سَأَلَ بِاللَّهِ فَأَعْطُوهُ وَمَنْ دَعَاكُمْ فَأَجِيبُوهُ وَمَنْ صَنَعَ إِلَيْكُمْ مَعْرُوفًا فَكَافِئُوهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا مَا تُكَافِئُونَهُ فَادْعُوا لَهُ حَتَّى تَرَوْا أَنَّكُمْ قَدْ كَافَأْتُمُوهُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: If anyone seeks protection in Allah's name, grant him protection; if anyone begs in Allah's name, give him something; if anyone gives you an invitation, accept it; and if anyone does you a kindness, recompense him; but if you have not the means to do so, pray for him until you feel that you have compensated him

Sunan Abi Dawud 4811read and anchored to theme gratitude, pending owner approval

حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ لاَ يَشْكُرُ اللَّهَ مَنْ لاَ يَشْكُرُ النَّاسَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Narrated Abu Hurayrah: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: He who does not thank the people is not thankful to Allah

Sunan an-Nasa'i 4619read and anchored to theme gratitude, pending owner approval

أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ هَانِئٍ، يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عِرْبَاضَ بْنَ سَارِيَةَ، يَقُولُ بِعْتُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَكْرًا فَأَتَيْتُهُ أَتَقَاضَاهُ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ أَجَلْ لاَ أَقْضِيكَهَا إِلاَّ نَجِيبَةً ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَقَضَانِي فَأَحْسَنَ قَضَائِي وَجَاءَهُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ يَتَقَاضَاهُ سِنَّهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ أَعْطُوهُ سِنًّا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَأَعْطَوْهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ جَمَلاً فَقَالَ هَذَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ سِنِّي ‏.‏ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ خَيْرُكُمْ خَيْرُكُمْ قَضَاءً ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Irbad bin Saryah said:"I lent a young camel to the Messenger of Allah, and I came to ask him to repay me. He said: 'Yes, I will only repay you with a superior she-camel.' so he repaid me and repaid me well. Then a Bedouin came to him to ask to repay him a camel of a certain age, and the Messenger of Allah said: 'Give him a camel of certain age.' On that day they gave him a mature camel and he said: 'This is better than my camel.' He (The Prophet) Said:' The best of you is the one who is best in repaying

Classical works

كتب التراث6 shown

Arabic originals, reached through the subject’s Arabic senses. Interpretive sources, never proof of a ruling.

ihya §12068ihyaArabic sense: الشكر, النعمة, شكر, نعمه

وله ثلاثة اركان الاول في فضيلة الشكر وحقيقته واقسامه واحكامه الثاني في حقيقة النعمة واقسامها الخاصة والعامة الثالث في بيان الافضل من الشكر والصبر الركن الأول في نفس الشكر بيان فضيلة الشكر

ihya §14110ihyaArabic sense: الشكر, النعمة, شكر, نعمه

وإن كان في مباح فمراقبته بمراعاة الأدب ثم بشهود المنعم في النعمة وبالشكر عليها

ihya §2364ihyaArabic sense: الشكر, النعمة, شكر, نعمه

فإن استوت هذه الأحوال عنده فليعلم أن باعثه هو إقامة السنة في الشكر والتحدث بالنعمة وإلا فهو مغرور

madarij §2192madarijArabic sense: الشكر, النعمة, شكر, نعمه

وسئل أحمد بن عاصم : ما علامة الرجاء في العبد فقال : أن يكون إذا أحاط به الإحسان ألهم الشكر راجيا لتمام النعمة من الله عليه في الدنيا والآخرة وتمام عفوه عنه في الآخرة

madarij §3276madarijArabic sense: الشكر, النعمة, شكر, نعمه

| فصل قال صاحب المنازل : الشكر : اسم لمعرفة النعمة لأنها السبيل إلى

mukhtasar-minhaj §2526mukhtasar-minhajArabic sense: الشكر, النعمة, شكر, نعمه

ومما ينبغي أن تعالج به القلوب البعيدة عن الشكر أن يعرف أن النعمة إذا لم تشكر زالت.

Research library

المكتبة البحثية958 works held

Peer-reviewed work held with its DOI and abstract, labelled with the study design its publication types report. None of it has been read or assessed, so nothing here may be cited as showing anything. Retracted work is held for the record but never listed; a review that a later version replaced is listed under its replacement and marked.

10.1038/s41562-023-01651-4Nature human behaviour (2023)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Happiness, Personal Satisfaction, gratitude, positive affect

A systematic review of the strength of evidence for the most commonly recommended happiness strategies in mainstream media.: We conducted a systematic review of the evidence underlying some of the most widely recommended strategies for increasing happiness. By coding media articles on happiness, we first identified the five most commonly recommended strategies: expressing gratitude, enhancing sociability, exercising, practising mindfulness/meditation and increasing nature exposure. Next, we conducted a systematic search of the published scientific literature. We identified well-powered, pre-registered experiments test

10.1037/a0022575Emotion (Washington, D.C.) (2011)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Happiness, Personal Satisfaction, gratitude

Becoming happier takes both a will and a proper way: an experimental longitudinal intervention to boost well-being.: An 8-month-long experimental study examined the immediate and longer term effects of regularly practicing two assigned positive activities (expressing optimism and gratitude) on well-being. More important, this intervention allowed us to explore the impact of two metafactors that are likely to influence the success of any positive activity: whether one self-selects into the study knowing that it is about increasing happiness and whether one invests effort into the activity over time. Our results

10.1080/13607863.2013.856858Aging & mental health (2014)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Happiness, Personal Satisfaction, gratitude

A program of positive intervention in the elderly: memories, gratitude and forgiveness.: Objective: The main goal of this study has been to increase the quality of life in people of over 60 years through a positive psychology intervention. Method: We employed a program which consists of training based on autobiographical memory, forgiveness and gratitude. The sample consisted of 46 participants aged 60-93 years. State and trait anxiety, depression, general memory, specific memories, life satisfaction and subjective happiness were measured. Results: The results revealed that particip

10.1177/01461672211053453Personality & social psychology bulletin (2022)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Happiness, Personal Satisfaction, positive affect

Do Grittier People Have Greater Subjective Well-Being? A Meta-Analysis.: The present study conducted a meta-analysis to examine the relation between grit and subjective well-being (SWB). The association between grit (i.e., overall grit, perseverance of effort, and consistency of interest) and SWB (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, happiness, depression, life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and school satisfaction) were synthesized across 83 studies and 66,518 participants. The results based on a random-effects model showed a substantial correlation between over

10.1073/pnas.2425193122Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2025)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Happiness, gratitude, positive affect

A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of gratitude interventions on well-being across cultures.: Gratitude practice is a popular strategy for promoting happiness worldwide. However, is it equally effective for people from different cultural backgrounds? To answer this question, we conducted a preregistered meta-analysis on the effectiveness of gratitude interventions on well-being across cultures. Using data from 145 papers, 163 samples, 727 effect sizes, and 24,804 participants from 28 countries, we found that gratitude interventions led to small overall increases in well-being, Hedges' g

10.1111/aphw.12051Applied psychology. Health and well-being (2015)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Happiness, Personal Satisfaction

The Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis.: Background: Self-compassion describes a positive and caring attitude of a person toward her- or himself in the face of failures and individual shortcomings. As a result of this caring attitude, individuals high in self-compassion are assumed to experience higher individual well-being. The present meta-analysis examines the relationship between self-compassion and different forms of well-being. Method: The authors combined k = 79 samples, with an overall sample size of N = 16,416, and analyzed th

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Lawler M, Nixon E (2011)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of youth and adolescence170 citations

Body dissatisfaction among adolescent boys and girls: the effects of body mass, peer appearance culture and internalization of appearance ideals.

Body image dissatisfaction is a significant risk factor in the onset of eating pathology and depression. Therefore, understanding predictors of negative body image is an important focus of investigation. This research sought to examine the contributions of body mass, appearance conversations with friends, peer appearance criticism and internalization of appearance ideals to body dissatisfaction among adolescents. The sample was comprised of 239 (54% female) adolescents, with a mean age of 16 years. Self-report questionnaires were completed on body dissatisfaction, peer appearance conversations and criticism, internalization of appearance ideals, height and weight. For girls and boys, body mass, appearance conversations with friends, peer appearance criticism and internalized appearance ideals emerged as significant predictors of body dissatisfaction. Gender moderated the effect of body m

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Stevens MJ, Constantinescu PM, Butucescu A (2011)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usInternational journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie3 citations

Aspirations and wellbeing in Romanian and US undergraduates.

Updating cross-cultural research of the past decade on the relationship between life aspirations and wellbeing, we compared Romanian (N=69) and US (N=64) undergraduates on the contribution of the importance and likelihood of attaining intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations to psychological maladjustment and life satisfaction, and on the qualitative meaning they assign to financial success. Similarly to prior studies, we found that extrinsic and intrinsic aspirations tended to be either negatively or positively correlated with life satisfaction, respectively; however, wealth predicted life satisfaction for Romanian students. Unlike previous research, we found generally negative relationships between intrinsic aspirations and psychological maladjustment. Although there were no differences between Romanian and US undergraduates on extrinsic and intrinsic orientation, on the overall importance

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Slatcher RB, Robles TF, Repetti RL, Fellows MD (2010)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPsychosomatic medicine40 citations

Momentary work worries, marital disclosure, and salivary cortisol among parents of young children.

Objective: To investigate whether worries about work are linked to people's own cortisol levels and their spouses' cortisol levels in everyday life and whether marital factors may moderate these links. Although research has shown that satisfying marriages can buffer the physiological effects of everyday stress, the specific mechanisms through which marriage influences the processing and transmission of stress have not yet been identified. Methods: Thirty-seven healthy married couples completed baseline measures and then provided saliva samples and indicated their worries about work for six times a day from a Saturday morning through a Monday evening. Results: Wives' cortisol levels were associated positively with their own work worries (p = .008) and with their husbands' work worries (p = .006). Husbands' cortisol levels were associated positively only with their own work worries (p = .0

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Amieva H, Stoykova R, Matharan F, Helmer C, Antonucci TC, Dartigues JF (2010)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPsychosomatic medicine137 citations

What aspects of social network are protective for dementia? Not the quantity but the quality of social interactions is protective up to 15 years later.

Objective: To test the association between several social networks variables reflecting both structural characteristics and quality of relationships with the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease 5 and up to 15 years later. Methods: The study sample is gathered from the Paquid cohort, a French population-based study of 3,777 elderly people evaluated at baseline and regularly revisited during a 15-year interval. The sample consisted of 2,089 subjects who completed the social network questionnaire and were free of dementia at the time of enrollment and also at the next two follow-ups to minimize the problem of reverse causality. The questionnaire collected at baseline included marital status, number of ties, nature of social network, satisfaction, perception of being understood/misunderstood, and reciprocity in relationships. Results: The incident cases of dementia considered were those

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Büssing A, Ostermann T, Neugebauer EA, Heusser P (2010)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usBMC public health59 citations

Adaptive coping strategies in patients with chronic pain conditions and their interpretation of disease.

Background: We examined which adaptive coping strategies, referring to the concept of 'locus of disease control', were of relevance for patients with chronic pain conditions, and how they were interconnected with patients' life satisfaction and interpretation of disease. Methods: In a multicenter cross-sectional anonymous survey with the AKU questionnaire, we enrolled 579 patients (mean age 54 ± 14 years) with various chronic pain conditions. Results: Disease as an adverse interruption of life was the prevalent interpretation of chronic pain conditions. As a consequence, patients relied on external powerful sources to control their disease (i.e., Trust in Medical Help; Search for Information and Alternative Help), but also on internal powers and virtues (i.e., Conscious Way of Living; Positive Attitudes). In contrast, Trust in Divine Help as an external transcendent source and Reappraisa

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Warne T, Johansson UB, Papastavrou E, Tichelaar E, Tomietto M, Van den Bossche K, Moreno MF, Saarikoski M (2010)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usNurse education today162 citations

An exploration of the clinical learning experience of nursing students in nine European countries.

The overall aim of the study was to develop a composite and comparative view of what factors enhance the learning experiences of student nurses whilst they are in clinical practice. The study involved students undertaking general nurse training programmes in nine Western European countries. The study focused on: (1) student nurse experiences of clinical learning environments, (2) the supervision provided by qualified nurses in clinical placements, and (3) the level of interaction between student and nurse teachers. The study utilised a validated theoretical model: the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher (CLES+T) evaluation scale. The evaluation scale has a number of sub-dimensions: Pedagogical atmosphere on the ward; Supervisory Relationships; the Leadership Style of Ward Managers; Premises of Nursing; and the Role of the Nurse Teacher. Data (N=1903) was collecte

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Johansson M, Adolfsson A, Berg M, Francis J, Hogström L, Janson PO, Sogn J, Hellström AL (2010)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usActa obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica46 citations

Gender perspective on quality of life, comparisons between groups 4-5.5 years after unsuccessful or successful IVF treatment.

Objective: To describe and compare quality of life in men and women who had in vitro fertilization (IVF) within the Swedish public health system 4-5.5 years previously, either unsuccessfully and were subsequently living without children, or successfully, having children aged 4-5.5 years. These groups were compared to a control group of men and women with children born at the same time as in the successful group. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Reproductive Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Sample: Twenty-six men and 37 women in the unsuccessful group, 135 men and 154 women in the successful group and 93 men and 118 women in the control group. Methods: Questionnaire study. The respective gender differences were studied in the control and study groups. Main outcome measures: Psychological general well-being (PGWB), sense of coherence (SOC), experience of in

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Carbone PS, Behl DD, Azor V, Murphy NA (2010)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of autism and developmental disorders126 citations

The medical home for children with autism spectrum disorders: parent and pediatrician perspectives.

This qualitative study examines differences between perceptions of parents and pediatricians regarding the needs of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and their families within the medical home. Two separate focus groups of parents of children with ASDs and pediatricians were conducted. Parents and pediatricians identify unmet needs within medical homes of children with ASDs. Parents perceived that physicians did not act early upon their concerns about development, and that care is less comprehensive, coordinated and family-centered than desired. Pediatricians desire to improve services but cite lack of time, training and resources as barriers. Medical homes for children with ASDs would benefit from better pediatrician ASD education and medical systems that support extended visits, care coordination and interdisciplinary collaboration.

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Davison SL, Bell RJ, LaChina M, Holden SL, Davis SR (2009)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe journal of sexual medicine173 citations

The relationship between self-reported sexual satisfaction and general well-being in women.

Introduction: The extent to which low sexual function or sexual dissatisfaction in women impacts on well-being remains uncertain, yet this is a critical issue in the controversy as to the benefits of pharmacotherapy for women seeking treatment for female sexual dysfunction. Aim. To explore the relationship between well-being and self-perceived satisfaction with sexual function in women and to determine if there is an independent effect of menopausal status or age. Design: A community-based cross-sectional study. Patients: A total of 421 women, aged 18 to 65 years were recruited from the community. Women were required to self-identify at study outset as being either satisfied or dissatisfied with their sexual life and be premenopausal or postmenopausal. Main outcome measures: Scores from the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB), the Beck Depression Index (BDI) and a daily diary o

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Fisher WA, Eardley I, McCabe M, Sand M (2009)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe journal of sexual medicine58 citations

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a shared sexual concern of couples I: couple conceptions of ED.

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) may be regarded as a shared sexual concern with a significant negative impact on both patients and their partners. Aim: The current research sought to explore the degree of concordance or divergence of couple members' perceptions of the specific functional impairments characterizing the man's ED, and the concordance or discordance of their attitudes, beliefs and experiences about the male partner's erectile difficulty. Methods: Questionnaires were sent to partners of men who participated in the Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (MALES) 2004 study, who consented to their partner's involvement. A modified version of the questionnaire used in the MALES study was employed, adapted to reflect the female partner's perspective. Questionnaire responses were analyzed in relation to responses provided by male study participants. Main outcome measu

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Blechert J, Nickert T, Caffier D, Tuschen-Caffier B (2009)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPsychosomatic medicine46 citations

Social comparison and its relation to body dissatisfaction in bulimia nervosa: evidence from eye movements.

Objective: To determine the role of social comparison for body dissatisfaction in bulimia nervosa (BN). Previous research suggested that exposure to media content idealizing thin body shape decreases body satisfaction, particularly in women with eating disorder symptoms. This might be due to the negative outcome of social comparisons with media models, and women with eating disorders might be particularly susceptible because they engage in upward social comparison more frequently than women without these symptoms. However, no study has yet explored both upward (i.e., toward more attractive others) and downward (i.e., toward less attractive others) social comparisons and their impact on body dissatisfaction in a clinical eating disorder and healthy controls. Methods: We presented patients with BN (n = 20) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 22) with slides comprising a digitized image of their

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Young A, Gascon-Ramos M, Campbell M, Bamford J (2009)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of deaf studies and deaf education10 citations

The design and validation of a parent-report questionnaire for assessing the characteristics and quality of early intervention over time.

This article concerns a parent-report repeat questionnaire to evaluate the quality of multiprofessional early intervention following early identification of deafness. It discusses the rationale for the design of the instrument, its theoretical underpinnings, its psychometric properties, and its usability. Results for the validity and reliability of the instrument are based on completion by 82 parents. The questionnaire is divided into four sections. "The description of the structure of professional services" demonstrated good face and content validity; the "content of intervention scale" yielded high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88) and reliability (6-month test-retest correlations, rho = 0.88, r = .68; 12-month test-retest correlations, rho = 0.60, r = .82); the "process of intervention" scale yielded high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and high reliability

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Paleari FG, Regalia C, Fincham FD (2009)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPsychological assessment16 citations

Measuring offence-specific forgiveness in marriage: the Marital Offence-Specific Forgiveness Scale (MOFS).

Three studies involving 328 married couples were conducted to validate the Marital Offence-Specific Forgiveness Scale, a new measure assessing offence-specific forgiveness for marital transgressions. The studies examined the dimensionality; internal consistency; and discriminant, concurrent, and predictive validity of the new measure. The final scale comprised 2 distinct correlated dimensions, 1 positive (Benevolence) and 1 negative (Resentment-Avoidance), both of which had adequate internal consistency. The 2 dimensions discriminated marital forgiveness from affective empathy, rumination, attributions, and marital quality. Convergent validity of the new scale was indicated by significant relationships between its underlying dimensions and a host of predicted sociocognitive, relationship, trait, and well-being correlates of forgiveness. Providing evidence for predictive validity, forgive

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Golden J, Conroy RM, Bruce I, Denihan A, Greene E, Kirby M, Lawlor BA (2009)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usInternational journal of geriatric psychiatry318 citations

Loneliness, social support networks, mood and wellbeing in community-dwelling elderly.

Objective: Both loneliness and social networks have been linked with mood and wellbeing. However, few studies have examined these factors simultaneously in community-dwelling participants. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between social network, loneliness, depression, anxiety and quality of life in community dwelling older people living in Dublin. Methods: One thousand two hundred and ninety-nine people aged 65 and over, recruited through primary care practices, were interviewed in their own homes using the GMS-AGECAT. Social network was assessed using Wenger's typology. Results: 35% of participants were lonely, with 9% describing it as painful and 6% as intrusive. Similarly, 34% had a non-integrated social network. However, the two constructs were distinct: 32% of participants with an integrated social network reported being lonely. Loneliness was higher in women,

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Duckworth AL, Quinn PD (2009)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of personality assessment845 citations

Development and validation of the short grit scale (grit-s).

In this article, we introduce brief self-report and informant-report versions of the Grit Scale, which measures trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals. The Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) retains the 2-factor structure of the original Grit Scale (Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007) with 4 fewer items and improved psychometric properties. We present evidence for the Grit-S's internal consistency, test-retest stability, consensual validity with informant-report versions, and predictive validity. Among adults, the Grit-S was associated with educational attainment and fewer career changes. Among adolescents, the Grit-S longitudinally predicted GPA and, inversely, hours watching television. Among cadets at the United States Military Academy, West Point, the Grit-S predicted retention. Among Scripps National Spelling Bee competitors, the Grit-S predicted final round attai

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Harris SK, Sherritt LR, Holder DW, Kulig J, Shrier LA, Knight JR (2008)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of religion and health45 citations

Reliability and validity of the brief multidimensional measure of religiousness/spirituality among adolescents.

Background: Developed for use in health research, the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) consists of brief measures of a broad range of religiousness and spirituality (R/S) dimensions. It has established psychometric properties among adults, but little is known about its appropriateness for use with adolescents. Purpose: We assessed the psychometric properties of the BMMRS among adolescents. Method: We recruited a racially diverse (85% non-White) sample of 305 adolescents aged 12-18 years (median 16 yrs, IQR 14-17) from 3 urban medical clinics; 93 completed a retest 1 week later. We assessed internal consistency and test-retest reliability. We assessed construct validity by examining how well the measures discriminated groups expected to differ based on self-reported religious preference, and how they related to a hypothesized correlate, depressive sympt

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Berg CA, Wiebe DJ, Butner J, Bloor L, Bradstreet C, Upchurch R, Hayes J, Stephenson R, Nail L, Patton G (2008)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPsychology and aging92 citations

Collaborative coping and daily mood in couples dealing with prostate cancer.

Collaborative coping (i.e., spouses pooling resources and problem solving jointly) may be associated with better daily mood because of heightened perceptions of efficacy in coping with stressful events. The study examined the daily processes of collaborative coping (individuals' perceptions that the spouse collaborated), perceived coping effectiveness (ratings of how well they dealt with the event), and mood (i.e., Positive and Negative Affect Scale) across 14 days in 57 older couples coping with stressors involving the husband's prostate cancer and daily life in general. In hierarchical multivariate linear models, collaborative coping was associated with more positive same-day mood for both husbands and wives and less negative mood for wives only. These associations were partially mediated by heightened perceptions of coping effectiveness. Exploratory analyses revealed that collaborativ

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Beckman N, Waern M, Gustafson D, Skoog I (2008)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usBMJ (Clinical research ed.)123 citations

Secular trends in self reported sexual activity and satisfaction in Swedish 70 year olds: cross sectional survey of four populations, 1971-2001.

Objective: To study secular trends in self reported sexual behaviour among 70 year olds. Design: Cross sectional survey. Settings Four samples representative of the general population in Gothenburg, Sweden. Participants: 1506 adults (946 women, 560 men) examined in 1971-2, 1976-7, 1992-3, and 2000-1. Main outcome measures: Sexual intercourse, attitudes to sexuality in later life, sexual dysfunctions, and marital satisfaction. Results: From 1971 to 2000 the proportion of 70 year olds reporting sexual intercourse increased among all groups: married men from 52% to 68% (P=0.002), married women from 38% to 56% (P=0.001), unmarried men from 30% to 54% (P=0.016), and unmarried women from 0.8% to 12% (P<0.001). Men and women from later birth cohorts reported higher satisfaction with sexuality, fewer sexual dysfunctions, and more positive attitudes to sexuality in later life than those from earl

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Fisher TD, McNulty JK (2008)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)43 citations

Neuroticism and marital satisfaction: the mediating role played by the sexual relationship.

Why is Neuroticism so harmful to marriage and other intimate relationships? Given that such relationships generally involve a sexual component, the current longitudinal study explored whether the apparent negative impact of own and partner's Neuroticism on marriage could be explained by dissatisfaction with the sexual relationship. Just after their weddings, 72 couples reported their marital satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and Neuroticism. One year later, they again reported their marital and sexual satisfaction. Own Neuroticism predicted lower levels of concurrent marital and sexual satisfaction among husbands and wives, declines in sexual satisfaction among husbands and wives, and declines in marital satisfaction among wives. Partner's Neuroticism predicted lower levels of concurrent marital satisfaction among husbands and wives, lower levels of concurrent sexual satisfaction among

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Lawrence E, Rothman AD, Cobb RJ, Rothman MT, Bradbury TN (2008)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)145 citations

Marital satisfaction across the transition to parenthood.

The purpose of the present study was to discriminate between the 2 dominant perspectives governing research on the nature of marital change over the transition to parenthood. Progress can be made in understanding this transition by recognizing the role of uncontrolled sources of variability in research designs, defining and using control groups, and timing of data collection around the child's arrival, and the authors conducted a study incorporating these methodological refinements. Growth curve analyses were conducted on marital satisfaction data collected twice before and twice after the birth of the 1st child and at corresponding points for voluntarily childless couples (N = 156 couples). Spouses who were more satisfied prior to pregnancy had children relatively early in marriage, and parents experienced greater declines in marital satisfaction compared to nonparents. Couples with pla

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Funk JL, Rogge RD (2007)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)690 citations

Testing the ruler with item response theory: increasing precision of measurement for relationship satisfaction with the Couples Satisfaction Index.

The present study took a critical look at a central construct in couples research: relationship satisfaction. Eight well-validated self-report measures of relationship satisfaction, including the Marital Adjustment Test (MAT; H. J. Locke & K. M. Wallace, 1959), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; G. B. Spanier, 1976), and an additional 75 potential satisfaction items, were given to 5,315 online participants. Using item response theory, the authors demonstrated that the MAT and DAS provided relatively poor levels of precision in assessing satisfaction, particularly given the length of those scales. Principal-components analysis and item response theory applied to the larger item pool were used to develop the Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI) scales. Compared with the MAS and the DAS, the CSI scales were shown to have higher precision of measurement (less noise) and correspondingly greater po

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Shapira N, Barak A, Gal I (2007)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usAging & mental health191 citations

Promoting older adults' well-being through Internet training and use.

The purpose of the current research was to test the psychological impact of learning how to use computers and the Internet in old age, hypothesizing that such activities would contribute to seniors' well-being and personal sense of empowerment. Employing a quasi-experimental research design, we offered a course, conducted in small groups, in computer operation and Internet browsing to 22 older adults (mean age of 80) who went to day-care centers for the elderly or resided in nursing homes. A comparison group of 26 participants (similar in all major respects) was engaged in other activities. Both groups were administered measures of physical functioning, life satisfaction, depression, loneliness and self-control at pre- and post-intervention four months later. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants who finished the computer course. ANCOVA was employed for c

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Cheng ST, Chan AC (2006)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences43 citations

Relationship with others and life satisfaction in later life: do gender and widowhood make a difference?

In this study we investigated whether social relationship is a stronger determinant of life satisfaction in older women than in older men, and whether this is more obvious in widowed than in married persons, in a representative sample of Chinese individuals aged 60 or older in Hong Kong (N=1,616). We tested the moderating effect of gender and widowhood by means of a multigroup analysis in structural equation modeling that incorporated other major predictors of life satisfaction. Consistent with predictions, relatedness was much more important for women than for men. Furthermore, relatedness was the most important determinant of life satisfaction in women, regardless of marital status, but it was only a moderate predictor in married men, and even an irrelevant factor in widowers. We discuss the results in terms of how gender roles shape relationship goals, and thus how men and women evalu

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Costa G, Sartori S, Akerstedt T (2006)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usChronobiology international103 citations

Influence of flexibility and variability of working hours on health and well-being.

Flexible working hours can have several meanings and can be arranged in a number of ways to suit the worker and/or employer. Two aspects of "flexible" arrangement of working hours were considered: one more subjected to company control and decision (variability) and one more connected to individual discretion and autonomy (flexibility). The aim of the study was to analyze these two dimensions in relation to health and well-being, taking into consideration the interaction with some relevant background variables related to demographics plus working and social conditions. The dataset of the Third European Survey on working conditions, conducted in 2000 and involving 21,505 workers, was used. Nineteen health disorders and four psycho-social conditions were tested by means of multiple logistic regression analysis, in which mutually adjusted odds ratios were calculated for age, gender, marital

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Levenson MR, Aldwin CM, Yancura L (2006)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usExplore (New York, N.Y.)7 citations

Positive emotional change: mediating effects of forgiveness and spirituality.

We evaluated the efficacy of an emotional education program that seeks to reduce the intergenerational transmission of negative interaction patterns by increasing forgiveness and spirituality. We examined both reduction of psychological symptoms and increase in positive psychological outcomes over the course of a year, as well as the mediators of this change. At baseline, the sample consisted of 99 participants and 47 waiting list controls. Comparisons of scores from baseline (Time 1) to one week after the Hoffman Quadrinity Process (Time 2) showed large declines in negative affect (depressive symptoms) and increases in both positive outcomes (mastery, empathy, emotional intelligence, life satisfaction, forgiveness, and spiritual experience) and health and well-being. Over the course of a year, most of these gains were sustained, in comparison with the control group. Further, increases i

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