Loss of a person and the mourning that follows it.
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بَلَىٰۚ مَنۡ أَسۡلَمَ وَجۡهَهُۥ لِلَّهِ وَهُوَ مُحۡسِنࣱ فَلَهُۥٓ أَجۡرُهُۥ عِندَ رَبِّهِۦ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ
In fact, any who direct themselves wholly to God and do good will have their reward with their Lord: no fear for them, nor will they grieve
ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ لَا يُتۡبِعُونَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ مَنࣰّ ا وَلَآ أَذࣰ ى لَّهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ
Those who spend their wealth in God’s cause, and do not follow their spending with reminders of their benevolence or hurtful words, will have their rewards with their Lord: no fear for them, nor will they grieve
ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُم بِٱلَّيۡلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ سِرࣰّ ا وَعَلَانِيَةࣰ فَلَهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ
Those who give, out of their own possessions, by night and by day, in private and in public, will have their reward with their Lord: no fear for them, nor will they grieve
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ وَأَقَامُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَوُاْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ
Those who believe, do good deeds, keep up the prayer, and pay the prescribed alms will have their reward with their Lord: no fear for them, nor will they grieve
قُلۡنَا ٱهۡبِطُواْ مِنۡهَا جَمِيعࣰ اۖ فَإِمَّا يَأۡتِيَنَّكُم مِّنِّي هُدࣰ ى فَمَن تَبِعَ هُدَايَ فَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ
We said, ‘Get out, all of you! But when guidance comes from Me, as it certainly will, there will be no fear for those who follow My guidance nor will they grieve
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَٱلَّذِينَ هَادُواْ وَٱلنَّصَٰرَىٰ وَٱلصَّٰبِـِٔينَ مَنۡ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ وَعَمِلَ صَٰلِحࣰ ا فَلَهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ
The [Muslim] believers, the Jews, the Christians, and the Sabians- all those who believe in God and the Last Day and do good- will have their rewards with their Lord. No fear for them, nor will they grieve
Commentary on the verses above, at most two editions per verse.
No, whosoever submits his face to God, doing the beautiful, shall have his wage with his Lord, and no fear shall be upon them, neither shall they grieve. The work is the work of the purifiers, the good fortune the good fortune of the truthful, the con- duct the conduct of the pure, and the hard cash the hard cash in their purse. Today they are on the carpet of service with the light of recognition, tomorrow on the carpet of companionship with the joy of union. Surely We purified them with that which is pure [38:46]. He is saying, “We made them pure and brought them forth pure from the crucible of testing so that they would be worthy for the Presence,” for the Pure Presence gives access only to the pure. “Surely God is goodly and accepts only the goodly.” Nothing is of any use with the Pure Presence save pure activity and pure speech. Then you must become so purified of that pure activity
(Those who spend their wealth for the cause of Allah�) [2:262]. Said al-Kalbi: �This verse was revealed about 'Uthman ibn 'Affan and 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf. As for 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf, he went and gave the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, four thousand silver coins to distribute in charity. 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf said to him: 'I have eight thousand silver coins; I have kept four thousand for me and my family and I loan these four thousands to my Lord'. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said to him: 'May Allah bless for you that which you have kept and that which you have given'. And as for 'Uthman, may Allah be well pleased with him, he said: 'Upon me is the equipment of anyone who has no equipment for the Battle of Tabuk'. And so he equipped the Muslims with one thousand camels with their hunches and saddle blankets and also gave to
(Those who spend their wealth by night and day, by stealth and openly�) [2:274]. Abu Ibrahim Isma'il ibn Ibrahim al-Nasrabadhi informed us> 'Amr ibn Nujayd> Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Khalil> Hisham ibn 'Ammar> Muhammad ibn Shu'ayb> Ibn Mahdi> Yazid ibn 'Abd Allah> 'Arib> his father> his grandfather> the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, who said: �This verse (Those who spend their wealth by night and day, by stealth and openly, verily their reward is with their Lord) was revealed about the owners of horses�. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, also said: �The devils will not bewitch anyone who has in his house a noble horse�. This is also the opinion of Abu Umamah, Abu'l-Darda', Makhul, al-Awza'i and Rabah ibn Zayd. They said: �This refers to those who tie their horses for the sake of Allah, they spend on them by night and day, secretly an
(Lo! Those who believe (in that which is revealed unto thee, Muhammad), and those who are Jews�) [2:62]. Al-Hafiz Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad informed us> �Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Ja�far the al-Hafiz> Abu Yahya al-Razi> Sahl ibn �Uthman al-�Askari> Yahya ibn Abi Za�idah who said: �Ibn Jurayj said> �Abd Allah ibn Kuthayr> Mujahid who said: �When Salman related to the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, the story of the monks, the Prophet told him that they will dwell in hell fire�. Salman said: �The whole earth became gloomy for me, but then this verse was revealed (Lo! Those who believe (in that which is revealed unto thee, Muhammad), and those who are Jews) up to Allah�s saying (and there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve), and it was as if a mountain had been lifted away from me� �. Muhammad ibn �Abd al-�Aziz al-Marwazi informed us> Muhammad ibn al-Hus
We said ‘Go down from it from the Garden all together He has repeated this phrase qulnā ihbitū in order to supplement it with yet fa-immā the nūn of the conditional particle in ‘if’ has been assimilated with the extra mā there shall come to you from Me guidance a Book and a prophet and whoever follows My guidance believing in me and performing deeds in obedience of Me no fear shall befall them neither shall they grieve in the Hereafter since they will be admitted into Paradise.
We said: "Get down all of you from this place (the Paradise), then whenever there comes to you Hudan (guidance) from Me, and whoever follows My guidance, there shall be no fear on them, nor shall they grieve (38)But those who disbelieve and belie Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) ـ such are the dwellers of the Fire. They shall abide therein forever. (39) Allah stated that when He sent Adam, Hawwa', and Shaytan to earth from Paradise, He warned them that He will reveal Books and send Prophets and Messengers to them, i.e., to their offspring. Abu Al-'Aliyah said, "Al-Huda, refers to the Prophets, Messengers, the clear signs and plain explanation." فَمَن تَبِعَ هُدَايَ (And whoever follows My guidance) meaning, whoever accepts what is contained in My Books and what I send the Messengers with, فَلاَ خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ (There shall be no fear on them)
Sound narrations only, and never matched by text. A narration appears here because a compiler filed it under a chapter this subject maps to, or because someone read it and anchored it. Each row says which.
وَحَدَّثَنَاهُ قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ يَعْنِي الدَّرَاوَرْدِيَّ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلاَلٍ، جَمِيعًا بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ .
This hadith has been narrated by Sulaiman b. Bilal with the same chain of transmitters
وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُثْمَانُ، ابْنَا أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ح وَحَدَّثَنِي عَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ، قَالُوا جَمِيعًا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الأَحْمَرُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " لَقِّنُوا مَوْتَاكُمْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ " .
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:Exhort to recite" There is no god but Allah" to those of you who are dying
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بِشْرٍ، بَكْرُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ أَفْلَحَ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ قَالَ " لِلْمُسْلِمِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ أَرْبَعُ خِلاَلٍ يُشَمِّتُهُ إِذَا عَطَسَ وَيُجِيبُهُ إِذَا دَعَاهُ وَيَشْهَدُهُ إِذَا مَاتَ وَيَعُودُهُ إِذَا مَرِضَ " .
It was narrated from Abu Mas’ud that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:“The Muslim has four things due from the Muslim: He should answer [by saying Yarhamuk-Allah (may Allah have mercy on you)] to him if he sneezes (and says Al-Hamdulillah); he should accept his invitation if he invites him; he should attend his funeral if he dies; and he should visit him if he falls sick.”
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ " خَمْسٌ مِنْ حَقِّ الْمُسْلِمِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ رَدُّ التَّحِيَّةِ وَإِجَابَةُ الدَّعْوَةِ وَشُهُودُ الْجِنَازَةِ وَعِيَادَةُ الْمَرِيضِ وَتَشْمِيتُ الْعَاطِسِ إِذَا حَمِدَ اللَّهَ " .
It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:“Five are the rights of the Muslim: Returning his greeting, accepting his invitation; attending his funeral; visiting the sick; and answering (saying Yarhamuk-Allah) to the one who sneezes, if he praises Allah (says Al-Hamdu Lillah).”
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ الْمِصِّيصِيُّ، - الْمَعْنَى - قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْمَلِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ السُّلَمِيُّ - عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، وَكَانَتْ، لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ " إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا سَبَقَتْ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ مَنْزِلَةٌ لَمْ يَبْلُغْهَا بِعَمَلِهِ ابْتَلاَهُ اللَّهُ فِي جَسَدِهِ أَوْ فِي مَالِهِ أَوْ فِي وَلَدِهِ " . قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ زَادَ ابْنُ نُفَيْلٍ " ثُمَّ صَبَّرَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ " . ثُمَّ اتَّفَقَا " حَتَّى يُبْلِغَهُ الْمَنْزِلَةَ الَّتِي سَبَقَتْ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى " .
Narrated Muhammad ibn Khalid as-Sulami: on his father's authority said his grandfather reported: He was a Companion of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: When Allah has previously decreed for a servant a rank which he has not attained by his action, He afflicts him in his body, or his property or his children. Abu Dawud said: Ibn Nufail added in his version: "He then enables him to endure that." The agreed version goes: "So that He may bring him to the rank previously decreed from him by Allah
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، وَمُسَدَّدٌ، - الْمَعْنَى - قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنِ الْعَوَّامِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السَّكْسَكِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ وَلاَ مَرَّتَيْنِ يَقُولُ " إِذَا كَانَ الْعَبْدُ يَعْمَلُ عَمَلاً صَالِحًا فَشَغَلَهُ عَنْهُ مَرَضٌ أَوْ سَفَرٌ كُتِبَ لَهُ كَصَالِحِ مَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ وَهُوَ صَحِيحٌ مُقِيمٌ " .
Narrated Abu Musa:I heard the Prophet (ﷺ) many times say: When a servant of Allah is accustomed to do a good work, then becomes ill or goes on journey, what was accustomed to do when he was well and staying at home will be recorded for him
Arabic originals, reached through the subject’s Arabic senses. Interpretive sources, never proof of a ruling.
فانظر إلى هذه الغيرة المحرمة القبيحة التي تضمنت أنواعا من المحرمات حلق الشعر عند المصيبة وقد قال رسول الله ليس منا من حلق وسلق وخرق أي حلق شعره ورفع صوته بالندب والنياحة وخرق ثيابه ومنها حلق اللحية وقد أمر رسول الله بإعفائها وتوفيرها ومنها منع إخوانه من تعزيته ونيل ثوابها
وجملة حق الجار أن يبدأه بالسلام ولا يطيل معه الكلام ولا يكثر عن حاله السؤال ويعوده في المرض ويعزيه في المصيبة ويقوم معه في العزاء ويهنئه في الفرح ويظهر الشركة في السرور معه ويصفح عن زلاته ولا يتطلع من السطح إلى عوراته ولا يضايقه في وضع الجذع على جداره ولا في مصب الماء في ميزابه ولا في مطرح التراب في فنائه ولا يضيق طرقه إلى الدار ولا يتبعه النظر فيما يحمله إلى داره ويستر ما ينكشف له من عوراته وينعشه من صرعته إذا نابته نائبة ولا يغفل عن ملاحظة داره عند غيبته ولا يسمع عليه كلاما ويغض بصره عن حرمته ولا يديم النظر إلى خادمته ويتلطف بولده في كلمته ويرشده إلى ما يجهله من أمر دينه ودنياه
1659 وعن أبي بردة قال وجع أبو موسى الأشعري رضي الله عنه فغشي عليه ورأسه في حجر امرأة من أهله فأقبلت تصيح برنة فلم يستطع أن يرد عليها شيئا فلما أفاق قال أنا بريء ممن بريء منه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بريء من الصالقة والحالقة والشاقة متفق عليه الصالقة التي ترفع صوتها بالنياحة والندب والحالقة التي تحلق رأسها عند المصيبة والشاقة التي تشق ثوبها
وقال مجاهد فصبر جميل في غير جزع وقال عمرو بن قيس فصبر جميل قال الرضا بالمصيبة والتسليم وقال بعض السلف فصبر جميل لا شكوى فيه وقال همام عن قتادة في قوله تعالى وابيضت عيناه من الحزن فهو كظيم قال كظم على حزن فلم يقل إلا خيرا وقال يحيى بن المختار عن الحسن الكظيم الصبور وقال همام عن قتادة في قوله تعالى وابيضت عيناه من الحزن فهو كظيم أى كميد أى كمد الحزن وقال الحسن ما جرعتين أحب إلى الله من جرعة مصيبة موجعة محزنة ردها صاحبها بحسن عزاء وصبر وجرعة غيظ ردها بحلم
701 وعن معاوية بن الحكم السلمي رضي الله عنه قال بينما أنا أصلى مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذ عطس رجل من القوم فقلت يرحمك الله فرماني القوم بابصارهم فقلت وا ثكل أمياه ما شأنكم تنظرون إلي فجعلوا يضربون بأيديهم على أفخاذهم فلما رأيتهم يصمتونني لكني سكت فلما صلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فبابي هو وأمي ما رأيت معلما قبله ولا بعده أحسن تعليما منه فوالله ما كهرني ولا ضربني ولا شتمني قال إن هذه الصلاة لا يصلح فيها شيء من كلام الناس إنما هي التسبيح والتكبير وقراءة القرآن أو كما قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قلت يا رسول الله إني حديث عهد بجاهلية وقد جاء الله بالإسلام وإن منا رجالا يأتون الكهان قال فلا تأتهم قلت ومنا رجال يتطيرون قال ذاك شيء يجدونه في صدورهم فلا يصدنهم رواه مسلم الثكل بضم الثاء المثلثة المصيبة والفجيعة ما كهرني أي ما نهرني
الرابع أصوات النياحة ونغماتها وتأثيرها في تهييج الحزن والبكاء وملازمة الكآبة والحزن قسمان محمود ومذموم
Peer-reviewed work held with its DOI and abstract, labelled with the study design its publication types report. None of it has been read or assessed, so nothing here may be cited as showing anything. Retracted work is held for the record but never listed; a review that a later version replaced is listed under its replacement and marked.
Cultural differences on baby loss experiences: A comparison of the US and New Zealand.: Prior research has shown that the death of a baby (whether it be through miscarriage, stillbirth, or infant loss) can have profound effects on the parents involved. However, research has yet to adequately understand how these effects differ cross-culturally. Our research addresses these issues through a qualitative study of 47 bereaved mothers in the United States and New Zealand-cultures that have differing perspectives on death. Findings reveal that bereaved mothers in each country do not proc
A three-step support strategy for relatives of patients dying in the intensive care unit: a cluster randomised trial.: Background: In relatives of patients dying in intensive care units (ICUs), inadequate team support can increase the prevalence of prolonged grief and other psychological harm. We aimed to evaluate whether a proactive communication and support intervention would improve relatives' outcomes. Methods: We undertook a prospective, multicentre, cluster randomised controlled trial in 34 ICUs in France, to compare standard care with a physician-driven, nurse-aided, three-step support strategy for famili
Grief and Bereavement in Fathers After the Death of a Child: A Systematic Review.: Context: The death of a child is devastating, and complicated grief adversely impacts parental physical and psychosocial well-being. Most research currently is centered on bereaved mothers, and the experiences of fathers remains underexplored. Objective: We systematically reviewed the literature to characterize the grief and bereavement experiences of fathers after the death of a child. Data sources: We searched Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literat
Emotion Regulatory Strategies in Complicated Grief: A Systematic Review.: Prolonged grief disorder, characterized by severe, persistent, and disabling grief, has recently been included in the International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11). Emotional disturbances are central to such complicated grief responses. Accordingly, emotion regulation is assumed critical in the development, persistence, and treatment of complicated grief. Yet, a comprehensive review on this topic is lacking. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42017076061) searching PsycInfo, W
Prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in adult bereavement: A systematic review and meta-analysis.: Background: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a bereavement-specific syndrome expected to be included in the forthcoming ICD-11. Defining the prevalence of PGD will have important nosological, clinical, and therapeutic implications. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of PGD in the adult bereaved population, identify possible moderators, and explore methodological quality of studies in this area. Methods: A systematic literature search was conduc
The prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in bereaved individuals following unnatural losses: Systematic review and meta regression analysis.: Background: Previous research has indicated that one out of ten naturally bereaved individuals develops prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Less is known about the prevalence of PGD following unnatural deaths, such as accidents, disasters, suicides, or homicides. The aim of this study was to compute the pooled prevalence of PGD and to determine possible causes of its varied estimates. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PsycINFO, Ovid Medline, PILOTS, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL. A
Caring for parents at the time of stillbirth: How can we do better?
Background: Many bereavement practices have become standard within maternity hospitals however little published evidence is available to confirm their benefit. We wanted to establish which aspects of care are valued, which could be improved and which, if any, cause distress. Methods: This study aimed to survey parents who experienced stillbirth in a tertiary referral centre. There were seven question areas including receiving bad news, involvement of the multidisciplinary team, facilitation to grieve and have time with baby, autopsy communication process, post-discharge support and the importance parents placed on aspects of care. Mothers were contacted months following stillbirth to obtain verbal consent, before surveys were posted to both parents. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0. Findings: 70% (n=21) of mothers and 51% (n=15) of fathers responded. Responses be…
matched on Bereavement (mesh), Stillbirth (mesh), bereavement (text)
Request for organ donation without donor registration: a qualitative study of the perspectives of bereaved relatives.
Background: In the Netherlands, consent from relatives is obligatory for post mortal donation. This study explored the perspectives of relatives regarding the request for consent for donation in cases without donor registration. Methods: A content analysis of narratives of 24 bereaved relatives (14 in-depth interviews and one letter) of unregistered, eligible, brain-dead donors was performed. Results: Relatives of unregistered, brain-dead patients usually refuse consent for donation, even if they harbour pro-donation attitudes themselves, or knew that the deceased favoured organ donation. Half of those who refused consent for donation mentioned afterwards that it could have been an option. The decision not to consent to donation is attributed to contextual factors, such as feeling overwhelmed by the notification of death immediately followed by the request; not being accustomed to speaki…
matched on Bereavement (mesh), Death (mesh), bereavement (text)
Mothers' accounts of their stillbirth experiences and of their subsequent relationships with their living infant: an interpretative phenomenological analysis.
Background: Due to contradictory findings regarding the effects of seeing and holding stillborn infants on women's worsening mental health symptoms, there is a lack of clear of guidance in stillbirth bereavement care. Although some current research examines this phenomenon we are still not certain of the meaning of such experiences to women and what effects there may be on her subsequent parenting. Thus the present study focuses on the meaning of the stillbirth experience to women and its influence on the subsequent pregnancy and subsequent parenting from the mothers' own experiences. Methods: A purposive sample of six women who experienced a stillbirth during their first pregnancy and who then went on to give birth to a living child after a further pregnancy, took part in email interviews, providing rich and detailed experiential narratives about both the stillbirth itself, and their re…
matched on Grief (mesh), Stillbirth (mesh), bereavement (text)
Veteran exposure to suicide: Prevalence and correlates.
Background: The aim of this study was to determine rates and consequences of suicide exposure in a veteran population and variables related to psychiatric morbidity. Methods: 931 veterans from a random digit dial survey conducted July 2012-June 2013 in the Commonwealth of Kentucky was utilized to examine associations between suicide exposure and depression and anxiety. For those with lifetime suicide exposure, perceptions of closeness to the decedent and additional traumatic death exposure were also examined. Results: Almost half of veterans (47.1%, n=434) reported lifetime exposure to suicide. Suicide-exposed individuals were almost twice as likely to have diagnosable depression (OR=1.92, CI=1.31-2.8) and more than twice as likely to have diagnosable anxiety (OR=2.37, CI=1.55-3.61). Suicide-exposed were also more likely than non-exposed to report suicide ideation (9.9% vs. 4.3%). Percei…
matched on Grief (mesh), Death (mesh), prolonged grief (text)
The burden of loss: unexpected death of a loved one and psychiatric disorders across the life course in a national study.
Objective: Unexpected death of a loved one is common and associated with subsequent elevations in symptoms of multiple forms of psychopathology. Determining whether this experience predicts novel onset of psychiatric disorders and whether these associations vary across the life course has important clinical implications. The authors examined associations of a loved one's unexpected death with first onset of common anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in a population-based sample. Method: The relation between unexpected death of a loved one and first onset of lifetime DSM-IV disorders was estimated by using a structured interview of adults in the U.S. general population (analytic sample size=27,534). Models controlled for prior occurrence of any disorder, other traumatic experiences, and demographic variables. Results: Unexpected death of a loved one was the most common traumatic ex…
matched on Bereavement (mesh), Death (mesh), bereavement (text)
The impact of stillbirth on consultant obstetrician gynaecologists: a qualitative study.
Objective: To explore the personal and professional impact of stillbirth on consultant obstetrician gynaecologists. Design: Semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews. Setting: A tertiary university maternity hospital in Ireland with a birth rate of c. 9000 per annum and a stillbirth rate of 4.6/1000. Sample: Purposive sample of eight consultant obstetrician gynaecologists (50% of consultant obstetrician gynaecologists in the hospital). Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews analysed by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. (IPA) IPA is a methodology for exploring human experience and its meaning for the individual. Main outcome measures: The lived experiences, personal feelings and professional impact of stillbirth on consultant obstetrician gynaecologists. Results: Stillbirth was identified as amongst the most difficult experiences for consultants. Two superordinate them…
matched on Bereavement (mesh), Stillbirth (mesh), bereavement (text)
Psychological effects of stillbirth.
Despite the high prevalence globally, the death of a baby to stillbirth is an often misunderstood and disenfranchised loss. Mothers, fathers, and families struggle to cope with the immediate and long-lasting effects of a baby's death which can last for years and sometimes decades. In addition, providers can be adversely affected by stillbirth, particularly when met with experiential avoidance and a sense of guilt and failure. There is little evidence on intervention efficacy in acute grief following perinatal death; however, there is a growing body of scientific literature on the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in treating anxiety, depression, and other biopsychosocial maladies as well as improving patient satisfaction with psychosocial care. This paper explores one such intervention model, ATTEND (attunement, trust, therapeutic touch, egalitarianism, nuance, and death educat…
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Silent loss and the clinical encounter: Parents' and physicians' experiences of stillbirth-a qualitative analysis.
Background: In the United States, an estimated 70 stillbirths occur each day, on average 25,000 each year. Research into the prevalence and causes of stillbirth is ongoing, but meanwhile, many parents suffer this devastating loss, largely in silence, due to persistent stigma and taboo; and many health providers report feeling ill equipped to support grieving parents. Interventions to address bereavement after neonatal death are increasingly common in U.S. hospitals, and there is growing data on the nature of parent bereavement after a stillbirth. However, further research is needed to evaluate supportive interventions and to investigate the parent-clinician encounter during hospitalization following a stillbirth. Qualitative inquiry offers opportunities to better understand the lived experience of parents against the backdrop of clinicians' beliefs, intentions, and well-meaning efforts t…
matched on Bereavement (mesh), Stillbirth (mesh), bereavement (text)
Perinatal grief and support spans the generations: parents' and grandparents' evaluations of an intergenerational perinatal bereavement program.
Purpose: As perinatal loss, miscarriage, still birth, or neonatal death may result in signs and symptoms of grief in the entire family, perinatal bereavement programs (PBPs) should consider offering intergenerational services. The purpose of this program evaluation was to identify and evaluate siblings' and grandparents' utilization of a hospital-based PBP's intergenerational support services and education offerings with regard to the entire family's coping with the loss. Methods: Written program evaluation surveys of parents and grandparents, with an opportunity for free response, along with parent phone follow-up, were utilized to evaluate whether a variety of inpatient/outpatient services for parents, siblings, and grandparents were useful to the entire family. Results: Parents indicated that when siblings and grandparents were included in the PBP's services and education offerings, u…
matched on Bereavement (mesh), Stillbirth (mesh), bereavement (text)
Grief among family members of nursing home residents with advanced dementia.
Objectives: To describe preloss and postloss grief symptoms among family members of nursing home (NH) residents with advanced dementia, and to identify predictors of greater postloss grief symptoms. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: 22 NHs in the greater Boston area. Participants: 123 family members of NH residents who died with advanced dementia. Measurements: Preloss grief was measured at baseline, and postloss grief was measured 2 and 7 months postloss using the Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale. Independent variables included resident and family member sociodemographic characteristics, resident comfort, acute illness, acute care prior to death, family member depression, and family member understanding of dementia and of resident's prognosis. Results: Levels of preloss and postloss grief were relatively stable from baseline to 7 months postloss. Feelings of separation and yearni…
matched on Grief (mesh), Death (mesh), prolonged grief (text)
Applicability of general grief theory to Swedish women's experience after early miscarriage, with factor analysis of Bonanno's taxonomy, using the Perinatal Grief Scale.
Background: Grief is a normal phenomenon but showing great variation depending on cultural and personal features. Bonanno and Kaltman have nonetheless proposed five aspects of normal grief. The aim of this study was to investigate if women with miscarriage experience normal grief. Material and methods: Content analyses of 25 transcribed conversations with women 4 weeks after their early miscarriages were classified depending on the meaning-bearing units according to Bonanno and Kaltman's categories. In the factor analyses, these categories were compared with the Perinatal Grief Scale and women's age, number of children and number of miscarriages, and gestational weeks. Results: Women with miscarriage fulfill the criteria for having normal grief according to Bonanno and Kaltman. All of the 25 women had meaning-bearing units that were classified as cognitive disorganization, dysphoria, and…
matched on Grief (mesh), Abortion, Spontaneous (mesh), bereavement (text)
Negotiating the transition: caring for women through the experience of early miscarriage.
Aim: To explore women's experiences of having an early miscarriage in a hospital gynaecological unit. Background: Miscarriage is a global health issue affecting significant numbers of women and is usually considered a distressing experience. This distress is often interpreted as being characteristic of grief. Nurses and other health professionals in hospital and community settings are therefore expected to provide appropriate care to meet the physical and emotional needs of the woman. Design: A qualitative, ethnographic study of a hospital gynaecological unit in the UK. Methods: The primary method was 20 months of part-time participant observation. Data were also collected through documentary analysis of key documents in the setting and formal interviews. These were with eight women who had an early miscarriage and 16 health professionals (nurses, doctors, ultrasonographers) working in t…
matched on Bereavement (mesh), Abortion, Spontaneous (mesh), bereavement (text)
Examining the needs of bereaved parents in the pediatric intensive care unit: a qualitative study.
The pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is a high-tech setting aimed at restoring health to critically ill children. When childhood death occurs in the PICU, it constitutes a special context for parent bereavement. The purpose of this interdisciplinary qualitative research was to gain a deeper understanding of parents' needs around the time of their child's death in the PICU. Through interviews and focus groups with bereaved parents and hospital chaplains, categories of parents' needs emerged. Deeper understanding of parents' needs will allow health professionals to better support parents during bereavement as well as to provide more customized care.
matched on Bereavement (mesh), Death (mesh), bereavement (text)
Parents' perspectives regarding a physician-parent conference after their child's death in the pediatric intensive care unit.
Objective: To investigate parents' perspectives on the desirability, content, and conditions of a physician-parent conference after their child's death in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Study design: Audio-recorded telephone interviews were conducted with 56 parents of 48 children. All children died in the PICU of one of six children's hospitals in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network (CPCCRN) 3 to 12 months before the study. Results: Only seven (13%) parents had a scheduled meeting with any physician to discuss their child's death; 33 (59%) wanted to meet with their child's intensive care physician. Of these, 27 (82%) were willing to return to the hospital to meet. Topics that parents wanted to discuss included the chronology of events leading to PICU admission and death, cause of death, treatment,…
matched on Bereavement (mesh), Death (mesh), bereavement (text)
Stillbirth: the mother's experience and implications for improving care.
More children die as a result of stillbirth than all other causes of infant deaths combined (Ananth, Shiliang, Kinzler, and Kramer, 2005; Goldenberg, Kirby, and Culhane, 2004; Froen, 2005; National Institute of Health, 2004); yet, mothers experiencing stillbirth are often left without support afterwards (Kubler-Ross, 2004; Fahey-McCarthy, 2003; Fletcher 2002; Saddler, 1987; DeFrain, 1986; Kirkley-Best & Kellner, 1982). Despite social work's growing involvement in care at the end of life, parents of stillborn children have not experienced consistent, relevant, and competent professional care in coping with the tragedy of death. Forty-seven women between the ages of 19 and 51 were recruited through nonprofit agencies that provide bereavement care to grieving families. Results of this qualitative study suggest that stillbirth is emotionally complex with long-lasting symptoms of grief and si…
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A Biopsychosocial Approach to Grief, Depression, and the Role of Emotional Regulation.
According to the field of affective neuroscience, grief has been identified as one of the seven primary emotions necessary for human survival. However, maladaptive grief could cause significant impairment in an individual's life, leading to psychopathologies such as major depressive disorder. Research on grief has shifted to a biopsychosocial approach, leaving behind outdated models-such as the Kübler-Ross theory-that have shown poor consistency. The field of psychoneuroimmunology has identified adverse life events such as social loss as being associated with major depressive disorder, and inflammatory processes in chronic health conditions. Likewise, scientists in the field of affective neuroscience have theorized that prolonged and sustained activation of the grief neurological pathway can cause a cascade of neurotransmitters that inhibits the reward-seeking system, causing symptoms of…
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Strategies and resources for nurse leaders to use to lead with empathy and prudence so they understand and address sources of anxiety among nurses practising in the era of COVID-19.
Aims: Identify strategies and resources for nurse leaders to use to lead with empathy and prudence to improve quality of care and to ease the psychological toll on nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. Background: In a 2020 report, clinicians caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic said their healthcare leaders needed to: 'hear me, protect me, prepare me, support me, and care for me'. These words provide an action plan for nurse leaders to communicate, educate and support nurses to practice competently and safely (physically and mentally) in the context of COVID-19. Design: Discursive paper. Method: Identification and inclusion of relevant international evidence with clinical discussion. Findings: Nurse leaders can mobilise system and individual level strategies and resources to support nurses to manage pandemic-related issues including: anxiety due to the risk of infection,…
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"In Cycles of Dreams, Despair, and Desperation:" Research Perspectives on Infertility Specific Distress in Patients Undergoing Fertility Treatments.
"Emotional distress in infertility" is a broad expression that loosely denotes anxiety, depression, grief, crisis, depleting psychological well-being, and all forms of affective and interpersonal disturbances faced by individuals with infertility. The distress is usually associated with involuntary childlessness as it is an unwelcoming event. The developmental crisis associated with childlessness poses a threat to one's sense of self at all levels (individual, family and social). Distress may begin before or during treatments as a person experiences the loss of control over attaining parenthood, anxiety or dejection after the diagnosis, treatments, its complications particularly its limited success rates. This paper reviews the basic concepts, theoretical models related to infertility specific distress (ISD). It elaborates on the effects of individual and treatment-specific variables on …
matched on Grief (keyword)
Cognitive and Functional Trajectories Among Older Widowed Male Veterans: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study.
Objectives: Loss of a spouse increases risk for cognitive and functional decline in older age. However, literature examining bereavement effects on cognition and daily functioning in veterans is limited. This study therefore examined differences in cognitive and functional trajectories after spousal loss in older male veterans. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting and participants: Participants included 3339 male, community-dwelling veterans in the Health and Retirement Study aged >51 years who were married/partnered at enrollment and remained married (n = 2849) or became widowed (n = 490). Methods: Participants completed biannual cognitive testing (Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status) and basic activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) questionnaires, and reported medical comorbidities and marital status. A generalized additive mixed-…
matched on Bereavement (mesh), bereavement (text), widowhood (text)
Feeling Connected to Nature Attenuates the Association between Complicated Grief and Mental Health.
Complicated grief (CG) predicts decreased mental health over time. Furthermore, feeling connected to nature (CN) is positively associated with beneficial mental health outcomes, such as psychological wellbeing and perceived psychological resilience. Thus, we hypothesized that CN moderates the association between general grief or CG and negative mental health for bereaved people. Further, we hypothesized that one's physical exposure to nature-that is, estimated time spent in nature and greenness (i.e., vegetation) surrounding one's residential area-might moderate the association between general grief or CG and negative mental health for bereaved people. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a cross-sectional study. We sampled 153 participants who experienced the death of a close other by COVID-19 infection. Participants reported CG, general grief, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, C…
matched on Grief (mesh), bereavement (text), complicated grief (text)
Distinct Psychological Characteristics Predict Resilience and Recovery Throughout Widowhood.
The dual-process model proposes that early and later bereavement involves different types of stressors and adaptation processes (Stroebe & Schut, 1999, 2010). It is thus possible that different factors facilitate adaptation during the early months versus subsequent years following widowhood. Elevated depressive symptoms, though prevalent after widowhood, may indicate problematic adaptation, as they are associated with poor long-term physical and mental health outcomes. We predicted that neutral death acceptance would be associated with less increase in depression during early widowhood (when confronted with loss-oriented stressors), whereas perceived control would predict depressive symptom decline during later widowhood (when adapting to controllable restoration-oriented stressors). Older adults (N = 265) reported on neutral death acceptance, perceived control, and depression before wid…
matched on Bereavement (mesh), bereavement (text), widowhood (text)
Prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress disorder following the loss of a significant other: An investigation of cognitive and behavioural differences.
Background: Cognitive behavioural correlates to bereavement-related mental health problems such a Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are of theoretical and clinical importance. Methods: Individuals bereaved at least six months (N = 647) completed measures of loss-related cognitions and behaviours (i.e., loss-related memory characteristics, negative appraisals, coping strategies, grief resilience, and perceived social disconnection) and measures of PGD and PTSD symptoms. Individuals were assigned to one of four groups depending on probable clinical diagnoses (No-PGD/PTSD, PTSD, PGD, PGD+PTSD). Results: Results indicated that higher loss-related memory characteristics and lower grief resilience increased the likelihood of a clinical problem. The PGD and PGD+PTSD groups reported significantly higher loss-related memory characteristics and appraisals comp…
matched on Grief (mesh), bereavement (text), prolonged grief (text)
Parent Perceptions of Infant Symptoms and Suffering and Associations With Distress Among Bereaved Parents in the NICU.
Context: Healthcare providers and parents face many challenges caring for infants at the end of life (EOL). Symptom assessment and management in critically ill infants can be especially difficult. However, the impact of the infant's EOL experience on bereaved parents is largely unknown. Objective: Explore associations between parental perceptions of infant symptoms and suffering at EOL in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and parent adjustment following the death. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional pilot study involving parents of infants who died within the previous five years in a large, Midwestern, level IV NICU. Parents were recruited through mailed invitations, and 40 mothers and 27 fathers participated from 40 families. Parents retrospectively reported on infant symptom burden and suffering during the last week of life and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), and …
matched on Bereavement (keyword), Grief (keyword), bereavement (text), prolonged grief (text)
Distinct neural mechanisms of emotional processing in prolonged grief disorder.
Background: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) has recently been recognized as a separate psychiatric diagnosis, despite controversy over the extent to which it is distinctive from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: This study investigated distinctive neural processes underpinning emotion processing in participants with PGD, PTSD, and MDD with functional magnetic resonance study of 117 participants that included PGD (n = 21), PTSD (n = 45), MDD (n = 26), and bereaved controls (BC) (n = 25). Neural responses were measured across the brain while sad, happy, or neutral faces were presented at both supraliminal and subliminal levels. Results: PGD had greater activation in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), bilateral insula, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and right caudate and also greater pgACC-right pallidum connectivity …
matched on Grief (mesh), bereavement (text), prolonged grief (text)
Bereavement in the Time of Coronavirus: Unprecedented Challenges Demand Novel Interventions.
COVID-19 fatalities exemplify "bad deaths" and are distinguished by physical discomfort, difficulty breathing, social isolation, psychological distress, and care that may be discordant with the patient's preferences. Each of these death attributes is a well-documented correlate of bereaved survivors' symptoms of depression, anxiety, and anger. Yet the grief experienced by survivors of COVID-related deaths is compounded by the erosion of coping resources like social support, contemporaneous stressors including social isolation, financial precarity, uncertainty about the future, lack of routine, and the loss of face-to-face mourning rituals that provide a sense of community and uplift. National efforts to enhance advance care planning may help dying patients to receive care that is concordant with the preferences of them and their families. Virtual funeral services, pairing bereaved elders…
matched on Bereavement (mesh), bereavement (text), mourning (text)
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