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Sharing the household خدمة الأهل

Who does the domestic work, and how fair it feels.

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Qurʾān

القرآن1 shown

Verses named for this subject by hand come first. The rest are found by the subject’s own Arabic and English senses and are shown as lexical matches, not as anchors anyone has confirmed.

Qur'ān 4:19Arabic sense: وعاشروهن بالمعروف

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمۡ أَن تَرِثُواْ ٱلنِّسَآءَ كَرۡهࣰ اۖ وَلَا تَعۡضُلُوهُنَّ لِتَذۡهَبُواْ بِبَعۡضِ مَآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ إِلَّآ أَن يَأۡتِينَ بِفَٰحِشَةࣲ مُّبَيِّنَةࣲۚ وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ فَإِن كَرِهۡتُمُوهُنَّ فَعَسَىٰٓ أَن تَكۡرَهُواْ شَيۡـࣰٔ ا وَيَجۡعَلَ ٱللَّهُ فِيهِ خَيۡرࣰ ا كَثِيرࣰ ا

You who believe, it is not lawful for you to inherit women against their will, nor should you treat your wives harshly, hoping to take back some of the bride-gift you gave them, unless they are guilty of something clearly outrageous. Live with them in accordance with what is fair and kind: if you dislike them, it may well be that you dislike something in which God has put much good

Tafsīr

التفسير2 shown

Commentary on the verses above, at most two editions per verse.

en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidi on 4:19en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidicommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

O you who have faith, it is not lawful for you to inherit women against their will, neither debar them from marriage that you may go off with part of what you have given them, unless they commit a flagrant indecency. Consort with them honorably. For, if you are averse to them, it may be that you are averse to something within which God has placed much good. This is a call, an admonishment, an allusion, a bearing witness, and a ruling. O is the call, you is the admonishment, who is the allusion, have faith is the bearing witness. It is not lawful for you to inherit women against their will is the ruling. The explanation of the ruling is that women are considered weak, and they are imprisoned beneath your severity. Beware of tormenting them, and do not rule over them by way of scheming and deceit. Do not be severe, and do not ask of them what the Shariah does not approve. On the contrary,

en-al-jalalayn on 4:19en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

O you who believe it is not lawful for you to inherit women against their will read either karhan or kurhan as alternative forms that is to say coercing them into this. In pre-Islamic times they used to inherit women from their kin and if they so wished they could marry a woman without a dowry or marry her off and take the dowry for themselves or prevent her from marriage until she gave up what she had inherited or until she died and they could inherit from her. They were thus forbidden such practices; neither debar them your former wives from marrying others by retaining them while you have no desire for them yourselves only to harm them; so that you may go off with part of what you have given them of the dowry except when they commit flagrant read mubayyina ‘making it clear’ or mubayyana ‘clear’ lewdness such as adultery or rebellion then you have the right to coerce them until they re

Ḥadīth

الحديث6 shown

Sound narrations only, and never matched by text. A narration appears here because a compiler filed it under a chapter this subject maps to, or because someone read it and anchored it. Each row says which.

Sahih al-Bukhari 676read and anchored to theme serving-household, pending owner approval

حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْحَكَمُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الأَسْوَدِ، قَالَ سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ مَا كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَصْنَعُ فِي بَيْتِهِ قَالَتْ كَانَ يَكُونُ فِي مِهْنَةِ أَهْلِهِ ـ تَعْنِي خِدْمَةَ أَهْلِهِ ـ فَإِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاَةُ خَرَجَ إِلَى الصَّلاَةِ‏.‏

Narrated Al-Aswad:That he asked `Aisha "What did the Prophet (ﷺ) use to do in his house?" She replied, "He used to keep himself busy serving his family and when it was the time for prayer he would go for it

Sunan Ibn Majah 1834read and anchored to theme serving-household, pending owner approval

حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْمُصْطَلِقِ ابْنِ أَخِي، زَيْنَبَ امْرَأَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ زَيْنَبَ، امْرَأَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَتْ سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ أَيُجْزِئُ عَنِّي مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ النَّفَقَةُ عَلَى زَوْجِي وَأَيْتَامٍ فِي حِجْرِي قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ ‏ "‏ لَهَا أَجْرَانِ أَجْرُ الصَّدَقَةِ وَأَجْرُ الْقَرَابَةِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ ابْنِ أَخِي، زَيْنَبَ عَنْ زَيْنَبَ، امْرَأَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ نَحْوَهُ ‏.‏

It was narrated that:Zainab, the wife of Abdullah said: “I asked the Messenger of Allah: 'Will it be accepted as charity on my part if I spend on my husband and the orphans in my care?' The Messenger of Allah said: 'She will have two rewards, the reward for charity and the reward for upholding ties of kinship.'”

Sahih al-Bukhari 5200read and anchored to theme serving-household, pending owner approval

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ كُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ، وَكُلُّكُمْ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ، وَالأَمِيرُ رَاعٍ، وَالرَّجُلُ رَاعٍ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ رَاعِيَةٌ عَلَى بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا وَوَلَدِهِ، فَكُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَكُلُّكُمْ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Ibn `Umar:The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "All of you are guardians and are responsible for your wards. The ruler is a guardian and the man is a guardian of his family; the lady is a guardian and is responsible for her husband's house and his offspring; and so all of you are guardians and are responsible for your wards

Sunan Abi Dawud 1672read and anchored to theme serving-household, pending owner approval

حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ مَنِ اسْتَعَاذَ بِاللَّهِ فَأَعِيذُوهُ وَمَنْ سَأَلَ بِاللَّهِ فَأَعْطُوهُ وَمَنْ دَعَاكُمْ فَأَجِيبُوهُ وَمَنْ صَنَعَ إِلَيْكُمْ مَعْرُوفًا فَكَافِئُوهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا مَا تُكَافِئُونَهُ فَادْعُوا لَهُ حَتَّى تَرَوْا أَنَّكُمْ قَدْ كَافَأْتُمُوهُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: If anyone seeks protection in Allah's name, grant him protection; if anyone begs in Allah's name, give him something; if anyone gives you an invitation, accept it; and if anyone does you a kindness, recompense him; but if you have not the means to do so, pray for him until you feel that you have compensated him

Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1099The Book On Marriagefiled here by the compiler, wording matches: what did he do in his house

حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو شُعَيْبٍ إِلَى غُلاَمٍ لَهُ لَحَّامٍ فَقَالَ اصْنَعْ لِي طَعَامًا يَكْفِي خَمْسَةً فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ فِي وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم الْجُوعَ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَصَنَعَ طَعَامًا ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَدَعَاهُ وَجُلَسَاءَهُ الَّذِينَ مَعَهُ فَلَمَّا قَامَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم اتَّبَعَهُمْ رَجُلٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ حِينَ دُعُوا فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِلَى الْبَابِ قَالَ لِصَاحِبِ الْمَنْزِلِ ‏ "‏ إِنَّهُ اتَّبَعَنَا رَجُلٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَنَا حِينَ دَعَوْتَنَا فَإِنْ أَذِنْتَ لَهُ دَخَلَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَقَدْ أَذِنَّا لَهُ فَلْيَدْخُلْ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ‏.‏ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ‏.‏

Abu Mas'ud narrated:"A man named Abu Shu'aib came to a slave of his, who was a butcher, and said: 'Prepare some food for me that will be sufficient for five, for I have seen hunger in the face of the Messenger of Allah.' So he prepared some food. Then he sent a message to the Prophet inviting him and those who were sitting with him. When the Prophet stood, he was followed by a man who was not with them when they were invited. When the Messenger of Allah arrive at the door he said to the owner of the house: 'A man who was not with us when you invited us followed us, if you permit him, he will enter.'" He said: We have permitted him, let him enter

Sahih al-Bukhari 5063Wedlock, Marriagefiled here by the compiler, wording matches: what did he do in his house

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلُ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ يَقُولُ جَاءَ ثَلاَثَةُ رَهْطٍ إِلَى بُيُوتِ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَسْأَلُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَةِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَلَمَّا أُخْبِرُوا كَأَنَّهُمْ تَقَالُّوهَا فَقَالُوا وَأَيْنَ نَحْنُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَدْ غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ‏.‏ قَالَ أَحَدُهُمْ أَمَّا أَنَا فَإِنِّي أُصَلِّي اللَّيْلَ أَبَدًا‏.‏ وَقَالَ آخَرُ أَنَا أَصُومُ الدَّهْرَ وَلاَ أُفْطِرُ‏.‏ وَقَالَ آخَرُ أَنَا أَعْتَزِلُ النِّسَاءَ فَلاَ أَتَزَوَّجُ أَبَدًا‏.‏ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ ‏ "‏ أَنْتُمُ الَّذِينَ قُلْتُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا أَمَا وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لأَخْشَاكُمْ لِلَّهِ وَأَتْقَاكُمْ لَهُ، لَكِنِّي أَصُومُ وَأُفْطِرُ، وَأُصَلِّي وَأَرْقُدُ وَأَتَزَوَّجُ النِّسَاءَ، فَمَنْ رَغِبَ عَنْ سُنَّتِي فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Anas bin Malik:A group of three men came to the houses of the wives of the Prophet (ﷺ) asking how the Prophet (ﷺ) worshipped (Allah), and when they were informed about that, they considered their worship insufficient and said, "Where are we from the Prophet (ﷺ) as his past and future sins have been forgiven." Then one of them said, "I will offer the prayer throughout the night forever." The other said, "I will fast throughout the year and will not break my fast." The third said, "I will keep away from the women and will not marry forever." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) came to them and said, "Are you the same people who said so-and-so? By Allah, I am more submissive to Allah and more afraid of Him than you; yet I fast and break my fast, I do sleep and I also marry women. So he who does not follow my tradition in religion, is not from me (not one of my followers)

Classical works

كتب التراث6 shown

Arabic originals, reached through the subject’s Arabic senses. Interpretive sources, never proof of a ruling.

riyad-salihin §752riyad-salihinArabic sense: خدمة اهله, خدمه اهله, مهنة اهله, مهنه اهله

606 وعن الأسود بن يزيد قال سئلت عائشة رضي الله عنها ما كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يصنع في بيته قالت كان يكون في مهنة أهله يعني خدمة أهله فإذا حضرت الصلاة خرج إلى الصلاة رواه البخاري

mukhtasar-minhaj §1221mukhtasar-minhajArabic sense: مهنة اهله, مهنه اهله

كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم أحلم الناس، واسخي الناس، وأعطف الناس. وكان يخصف النعل، ويرقع الثوب، ويخدم في مهنة أهله.

madarij §3590madarijArabic sense: خدمة اهله, خدمه اهله

وفي جامع الترمذي مرفوعا عن سلمة بن الأكوع رضي الله عنه : لا يزال الرجل يذهب بنفسه حتى يكتب في ديوان الجبارين فيصيبه ما أصابهم وكان النبي يمر على الصبيان فيسلم عليهم وكانت الأمة تأخذ بيده فتنطلق به حيث شاءت وكان إذا أكل لعق أصابعه الثلاث وكان يكون في بيته في خدمة أهله ولم يكن ينتقم لنفسه قط وكان يخصف نعله ويرقع ثوبه ويحلب الشاة لأهله ويعلف البعير ويأكل مع الخادم ويجالس المساكين ويمشي مع الأرملة واليتيم في حاجتهما ويبدأ من لقيه بالسلام ويجيب دعوة من دعاه ولو إلى أيسر شيء

ihya §8533ihyaArabic sense: مهنة اهله, مهنه اهله

وكان أسخى الناس + حديث كان صلى الله عليه وسلم أسخى الناس أخرجه الطبراني في الأوسط من حديث أنس فضلت على الناس بأربع بالسخاء والشجاعة الحديث ورجاله ثقات وقال صاحب الميزان إنه منكر وفي الصحيحين من حديثه كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أجود الناس واتفقا عليه من حديث ابن عباس وتقدم في الزكاة + لا يبيت عنده دينار ولا درهم وإن فضل شيء ولم يجد من يعطيه وفجأه الليل لم يأو إلى منزله حتى يتبرأ منه إلى من يحتاج إليه + حديث كان لا يبيت عنده دينار ولا درهم قط وإن فضل ولم يجد من يعطيه وفجأه الليل لم يأو إلى منزله حتى يبرأ منه إلى من يحتاج إليه أخرجه أبو داود من حديث بلال في حديث طويل فيه أهدى صاحب فدك لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم اربع ركائب عليهن كسوة وطعام وبيع بلال لذلك ووفا دينه ورسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قاعد في المسجد وحده وفيه قال فضل شيء قلت نعم ديناران قال انظر أن تريحني منهما فلست بداخل على أحد من أهلي حتى تريحني منهما فلم يأتنا أحد فبات في المسجد حتى أصبح وظل في المسجد اليوم الثاني حتى إ

riyad-salihin §349riyad-salihinArabic sense: وعاشروهن بالمعروف

قال الله تعالى وعاشروهن بالمعروف النساء وقال تعالى ولن تستطيعوا أن تعدلوا بين النساء ولو حرصتم فلا تميلوا كل الميل فتذروها كالمعلقة وإن تصلحوا وتتقوا فإن الله كان غفورا رحيما النساء

ihya §3884ihyaArabic sense: وعاشروهن بالمعروف

وقال الله تعالى وعاشروهن بالمعروف وقال في تعظيم حقهن وأخذن منكم ميثاقا غليظا @QB@ وقال @QE@ والصاحب بالجنب قيل هي المرأة وآخر ما وصى به رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ثلاث كان يتكلم بهم حتى تلجلج لسانه وخفي كلامه جعل يقول الصلاة الصلاة وما ملكت أيمانكم لا تكلفوهم ما لا يطيقون

Research library

المكتبة البحثية18 works held

Peer-reviewed work held with its DOI and abstract, labelled with the study design its publication types report. None of it has been read or assessed, so nothing here may be cited as showing anything. Retracted work is held for the record but never listed; a review that a later version replaced is listed under its replacement and marked.

10.1111/famp.12418Family process (2020)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Gender Role, Family Characteristics

Romantic Conflict Narratives in Emerging Adult Couples: Viewpoint and Gender Matter.: Healthy romantic relationships entail understanding the needs of the self and other when interpreting conflict events. Yet how couples make meaning around specific conflicts and their capacity to reflect on their own and their partners' unmet needs is understudied. Using narratives, we examined destructive (e.g., extreme anger and break-up anxiety) and constructive (e.g., perspective taking) interpretations of past romantic conflicts in 80 emerging adult heterosexual couples and the extent to wh

10.1111/mcn.70088Maternal & child nutrition (2026)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Gender Role, household chores, Family Characteristics

Engaging Fathers in Child Nutrition: Exploring Intra-household Gender Dynamics in Nutrition Interventions in Ethiopia.: This study aims to examine intra-household gender dynamics in response to a nutrition intervention (maternal Behaviour Change Communication (BCC), paternal BCC, and food vouchers) aimed at improving IYCF practices using qualitative methods. Participants were drawn from a subset of households enrolled in a larger cluster - randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted in rural Ethiopia. A total of 40 participants (20 mother-father pairs) from intervention and control households were interviewed sep

10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01330Frontiers in psychology (2018)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on household chores, housework, work family conflict

Gender Inequality in Household Chores and Work-Family Conflict.: The fact that the permeability between family and work scopes produces work-family conflict (WFC) is well established. As such, this research aims to check whether the unequal involvement in household chores between men and women is associated with increased WFC in women and men, interpreting the results also from the knowledge that arise from gender studies. A correlational study was carried out by means a questionnaire applied to 515 subjects (63% men) of two independent samples of Spanish men

10.1111/jep.70439Journal of evaluation in clinical practice (2026)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Gender Role, Gender Roles

Navigating Marital Dynamics in Pakistan: The Interplay of Interpersonal Patterns and Sociocultural Influences.: Background: This study investigates the impact of interpersonal patterns and sociocultural forces on marital relationships in Pakistan, employing the Interpersonal Patterns (IP) Scope framework to examine pathologizing, healing, and wellness patterns. It specifically analyses cultural values, gender-role dynamics, and economic dependency. Methods: A qualitative research design was adopted. Data were collected through interviews with seven heterosexual married couples in Pakistan between December

10.1016/j.jep.2020.112899Journal of ethnopharmacology (2020)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Gender Role

Medicinal plants used in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A gender perspective.: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Very few studies examining quantitatively gender differences in the knowledge and use of medicinal plants exist for the Arab world. Differences in ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants between men and women in Jeddah are explored here for the first time. Aim of the study: Our study aims to document urban medicinal plant knowledge in Jeddah, and to answer the following questions: (1) What medicinal plants are used by Saudis in Jeddah? (2) To what extent do m

10.1093/geront/40.3.292The Gerontologist (2000)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on unpaid work, work family conflict

Age Integration as a Solution to Work–Family Conflict: The work–family conflict faced by people in the middle stages of life, when role demands are at their peak, is hardly news. In fact, work–family conflict has gone from a "side bar issue" to a "front page phenomenon" (Googins 1991). While the private and public spheres offer mostly inadequate solutions, and individuals mostly muddle through, researchers and social analysts are sounding an alarm. It is time to discuss solutions as far-reaching and revolutionary as the changes that have brought us

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