Belonging across cultures and the negotiation of religious identity.
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726 to 747 of 747Attitudes of women toward intimate partner violence: a study of rural women in Nigeria.
Predictors of rural women's attitudes in Nigeria toward intimate partner violence (IPV) were investigated using a random sample of rural women (n = 3911) aged 15-49 years from the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Findings were suggestive of social, religious, and cultural influences in the women's attitudes towards IPV. Women resident in the three northern regions, the South South region, Muslim women, women with low levels of education and low household wealth were more likely to tolerate IPV. This is reflective of the socio-economic disadvantages they face, as well as the cultural and religious restrictions imposed on these women.
matched on Cultural Characteristics (mesh)
Methodological issues in studying an insular, traditional population: a women's health survey among Israeli haredi (ultra-Orthodox) Jews.
This article describes obstacles encountered and strategies devised in planning and conducting a national telephone health survey (n = 459) of an insular, deeply traditional religious population, haredi (ultra-Orthodox Jewish) Israeli women. The paper discusses how special characteristics of this population influenced study design, sampling, data collection, and interpretation. Sampling employed polling data to identify haredi concentrations. Despite haredim's reputation for low survey participation, we achieved a 71-74% response rate (depending on the unknown eligibility of 24 phones never answered) in interviews conducted in 2003-2004. We describe our systematic attention to special aspects of haredi culture such as: modesty and speech codes; the need for rabbinic endorsement; and the importance of female, haredi interviewers. This research was initiated and managed by a community-base…
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Social support, material circumstance and health behaviour: influences on health in First Nation and Inuit communities of Canada.
An expansive literature describes the links between social support and health. Though the bulk of this evidence emphasizes the health-enhancing effect of social support, certain aspects can have negative consequences for health (e.g., social obligations). In the Canadian context, the geographically small and socially interconnected nature of First Nation and Inuit communities provides a unique example through which to explore this relationship. Despite reportedly high levels of social support, many First Nation and Inuit communities endure broad social problems, thereby leading us to question the assumption that social support is primarily health protective. We draw from narrative analysis of interviews with 26 First Nation and Inuit Community Health Representatives to critically examine the health and social support relationship, and the social structures through which social support in…
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Uthman OA (2008)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usInternational journal of health geographics25 citations Geographical variations and contextual effects on age of initiation of sexual intercourse among women in Nigeria: a multilevel and spatial analysis.
Background: The age of initiation of sexual intercourse is an increasingly important issue to study given that sexually active young women are at risk of multiple outcomes including early pregnancies, vesico-vaginal fistula, and sexually transmitted infections. Much research has focused on the demographic, familial, and social factors associated with sexual initiation and reasons adolescents begin having consensual intercourse. Less is known, however, about the geographical and contextual factors associated with age of initiation of sexual intercourse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the extent of regional and state disparities in age of initiation of sexual intercourse and to examine individual- and community-level predictors of early sexual debut.
Methods: Multilevel logistic regression models were applied to data on 5531 ever or currently married women who had part…
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Sharing beliefs: what sexuality means to Muslim Iranian women living in Australia.
In Iran, women's sexual self-understandings are strongly determined by religious teaching. This study explores the meanings generated through the lived experience of sexuality of women residing in Australia that may challenge certain received Islamic notions of sexuality. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 51 Iranian women in Sydney alongside 10 semi-structured interviews with Shi'ite clergy in Iran. Findings suggest that the concept of sexual obedience within marriage is regarded as symbolic of an idealised Muslim femininity. Sexual obedience demonstrates women's high level of religious commitment but is also an indicator of modesty and self-respect. While some participants felt that it was a woman's duty to satisfy her husband on any sexual occasion, they did not utilize notions of subordination in their sexual lives. For other informants, however, concepts of s…
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'Always between two cultures': young British Bangladeshis and their mothers' views on sex and relationships.
This paper presents data on the sexual health perspectives of young British Bangladeshis and their mothers. It discusses the implications of these data for the development of appropriate sexual health education. Between April and September 2006, 36 young people and 25 mothers of Bangladeshi young people were interviewed through seven focus group discussions. Groups were gender and age specific (16-18 years, 19-20 years and mothers). Recruitment took place in community-based organisations in an inner city London borough. Mothers expressed concern about pre-marital sex but felt unable to control out-of-home activity. Feelings of isolation, lack of control and communication difficulties were key issues for them. Young people had varied perspectives on pre-marital sex. Some experienced emotional conflict between what was expected of them in terms of their faith and their engagement in intima…
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Drug abuse, HIV/AIDS and stigmatisation in a Dai community in Yunnan, China.
The latest data indicate that between 540,000 and 760,000 people are infected with HIV in China. Although minority nationalities represent 8.1% of China's total population, they account for more than 30% of the reported HIV/AIDS cases. This study examined stigma and discrimination against drug abusers and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in a Dai minority nationality community in Yunnan, China. The study used qualitative research methods, which included participatory observations, in-depth interviews, focus-group discussions, transect walking and community mapping. A combination of different sampling strategies was used to maximise diversity of the initially selected sample. The data revealed deeply entrenched stigma and overt discrimination against drug abusers and PLHA that manifested in familial, work, civil and institutional contexts. The stigma reflected pre-existing cultural, rel…
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Remennick L (2006)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe breast journal70 citations The challenge of early breast cancer detection among immigrant and minority women in multicultural societies.
A sociological view of the barriers experienced by women from traditional cultures, both in their native countries and as immigrants and minorities in multicultural western societies, in preventive health care generally and in breast screening specifically, is essential not only to understand patterns of late-stage diagnosis, but also to design successful interventions and programs. Breast cancer is a unique disease, as its name ties together a multisymbolic organ of the female anatomy and a potentially fatal affliction, the treatment of which commonly is a body-mutilating procedure (mastectomy). Because of its special nature, breast cancer is shrouded in fears, myths, and connotations reaching far beyond the objective clinical understanding of the disease. Many women do not use available breast-screening services and present with advanced symptoms. To help women detect and treat breast …
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Is religion or culture the key feature in changes in substance use after leaving school? Young Punjabis and a comparison group in Glasgow.
Aims: To establish levels of use of tobacco, alcohol and illegal drugs among 18-20 year old men and women of Asian (Punjabi) and non-Asian origin compared with levels four years earlier and consider the role of religion and culture in abstinent behaviour.
Design: Structured self-complete questionnaire used with 94% of pupils with South Asian names recorded by the Greater Glasgow education department in 1991 and a proportionate random sample of pupils in the same years who did not have South Asian names. Followed up in 1996 in an interviewer-led structured questionnaire in their own homes.
Setting: Greater Glasgow, largest city in the west of Scotland.
Participants: Eight hundred and twenty-four overwhelmingly British-born 14-15 year olds in 1992, 492 followed up aged 18-20 years in 1996.
Measurements: Self-report measures of ever having tried alcohol, tobacco and drugs and the quantities…
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Zhou YR (2006)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usCulture, health & sexuality40 citations Homosexuality, seropositivity, and family obligations: perspectives of HIV-infected men who have sex with men in China.
The HIV epidemic has had major impact on men who have sex with men in China. Most current studies view male-to-male sex as a behavioural dimension or variable affecting HIV infection, paying little attention to the socio-cultural meanings of homosexuality and their impacts on men's experiences with HIV/AIDS. This oversight has impeded understanding of the health practices of this population. Based on a qualitative study of experiences of Chinese people living with HIV/AIDS, this paper explores the complex processes in which men who have sex with men struggle and negotiate with their sexuality, family obligations, and this disease. To facilitate Chinese men who have sex with men in responding effectively to HIV and AIDS, researchers and practitioners should take into account a wide range of contextual factors including desired gender roles, family obligations, homophobia, and HIV-related …
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A study of psychiatric nurses' beliefs and attitudes about work safety and assaults in Turkey.
In Turkey, the cultural structure effects the gender roles in the society, and women are subject to violence in an intense manner both inside the family and in their workplaces. In nursing, which is still defined as a woman's job in our country, it is possible to encounter many aggressive and threatening behaviours. Knowing no geographical borders, aggression leads to dissatisfaction and alienation with the profession for the nurses working at the psychiatric institutions in Turkey, thus aggression is a significant health risk in physical, psychological and social dimensions. The research was carried out with 162 randomly selected nurses working in the psychiatric institutions in Istanbul using the Attitudes Toward Patient Physical Assault Questionnaire. It has been determined that nurses' rate of exposure to verbal/physical assault by the patients and their relatives is high and that th…
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Cultural attribution of mental health suffering in Chinese societies: the views of Chinese patients with mental illness and their caregivers.
Aims and objectives: This study examined the cultural attribution of distress in the Chinese, the special role of the family in distress and the specific emotional reactions within distress dictated by culture.
Methods: This phenomenological study illustrated the narrative representation of the experiences of suffering by the Chinese patients with mental illness. Twenty-eight Chinese-Australian patients and their caregivers were interviewed together in their homes. They were invited to talk about the stories of the patients' experiences of suffering from mental illness. The interviews were recorded and transcribed to be further analysed according to the principles of narrative analysis.
Results: The results of case narration indicated that (1) because of the influence of Confucian ideals, interpersonal harmony was the key element of maintaining the Chinese patients' mental health, (2) Ch…
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Primary care professionals' perceptions of depression in older people: a qualitative study.
An understanding of patients' perspectives is crucial to improving engagement with health care services. For older people who may not wish to bother medical professionals with problems of living such as depression, such exploration becomes critical. General practitioners (GPs), nurses and counsellors working in 18 South London primary care teams were interviewed about their perceptions of depression in older people. All three professional groups shared a predominantly psychosocial model of the causes of depression. While presentation of somatic symptoms was seen as common in all age groups, identification of depression in older patients was complicated by co-existent physical illnesses. GPs reported that older patients rarely mentioned psychological difficulties, but practice nurses felt that older people were less inhibited in talking to them about "non-medical" problems. Many older peo…
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Carlson BE (2005)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of interpersonal violence17 citations The most important things learned about violence and trauma in the past 20 years.
In the past 2 decades, important insights have been gained regarding violence and trauma. Complications occur in how violence and trauma, their causes, and their effects on victims should be defined. Violence and abuse to women--physical, sexual, and emotional--are not rare events and are most often perpetrated by partners or acquaintances rather than strangers and occur in nonmarital as well as marital relationships, including same-sex relationships. A promising methodological innovation in the study of violence and trauma is the use of longitudinal designs. Innovations in treatments for victims such as evidence-based interventions have been slow to emerge; they include eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and the Seeking Safety group intervention for drug-abusing women with trauma histories. Future research should address increased understanding of variation in individu…
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Family Matters: Cross-Cultural Differences in Familism and Caregiving Outcomes.
Objectives: The increasing number of minority older adults, and the subsequent increase in family members providing care to these individuals, highlights the need to understand how cultural values contribute to differential caregiving outcomes. Using the sociocultural stress and coping model as a guiding framework, the current study examined cross-cultural relationships among familism, social support, self-efficacy, and caregiving outcomes and examines how these relationships vary as a function of caregiver background characteristics.
Methods: Baseline data were collected from 243 participants in the Caring for the Caregiver Network randomized controlled intervention trial. Participants completed measures assessing familism, social support, self-efficacy, positive aspects of caregiving, depression, and burden.
Results: African American and Hispanic participants exhibited higher levels of…
matched on acculturation (text), Ethnicity (keyword)
Leung E (2021)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usFrontiers in psychology3 citations Thematic Analysis of My "Coming Out" Experiences Through an Intersectional Lens: An Autoethnographic Study.
For lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) youth, identity development is one of the most critical developmental task. LGBTQ youth are shown to be at risk for a variety of risk factors including depression and suicidal ideation and attempts due to how their identities are appraised in heteronormative societies. However, most LGBTQ educational psychology research have highlighted protective factors that are primarily relevant to support LGBTQ white-youth. One of the major developmental theories, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, has identified adolescence as the period where identity development occurs. However, through an intersectional lens, identity development appears to encompass more than adolescence but also emerging adulthood, a developmental stage not accounted for by Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. The primary goal of this study is to se…
matched on ethnic identity (text), Ethnicity (keyword)
Let Nature Take Its Course: Cultural Adaptation and Pilot Test of Taoist Cognitive Therapy for Chinese American Immigrants With Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
This report describes initial results from a multi-stage project to manualize and adapt an indigenous therapy, Chinese Taoist Cognitive Psychotherapy (CTCP), for dissemination in the United States context. Study aims were to (a) integrate cultural adaptation and implementation science frameworks to manualize and adapt the original intervention and (b) explore the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of the modified intervention, renamed Taoist Cognitive Therapy (TCT), in a sample of Chinese immigrants with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Incorporating bottom-up and top-down adaptation approaches, we involved Chinese American clinician stakeholders and experts in Taoist philosophy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and GAD to help identify cultural and contextual barriers and solutions to enhance treatment acceptability and implementation. Five treatment-seeking Chinese American …
matched on Acculturation (keyword)
Racial Discrimination and Low Household Education Predict Higher Body Mass Index in African American Youth.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between environmental factors, including household education, community violence exposure, racial discrimination, and cultural identity, and BMI in African American adolescents.
Methods: A community-based sample of 198 African American youth (120 girls, 78 boys; ages 11-19 years) from Washtenaw County, Michigan, were included in this analysis. Violence exposure was assessed by using the Survey of Children's Exposure to Community Violence; racial discrimination by using the Adolescent Discrimination Distress Index; cultural identity by using the Acculturation, Habits, and Interests Multicultural Scale for Adolescents; and household education by using a seven-category variable. Measured height and body weight were used to calculate BMI.
Results: Racial discrimination was positively associated with BMI, whereas household …
matched on acculturation (text), Ethnicity (keyword)
Promoting Mental Health in Unaccompanied Refugee Minors: Recommendations for Primary Support Programs.
During the last years, the number of refugees around the world increased to about 22.5 million. The mental health of refugees, especially of unaccompanied minors (70% between the ages of 16 and 18 years) who have been exposed to traumatic events (e.g., war), is generally impaired with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Several studies revealed (1) a huge variation among the prevalence rates of these mental problems, and (2) that post-migration stressors (e.g., language barriers, cultural differences) might be at least as detrimental to mental health as the traumatic events in pre- and peri-flight. As psychotherapy is a limited resource that should be reserved for severe cases and as language trainings are often publicly offered for refugees, we recommend focusing on intercultural competence, emotion regulation, and goal setting and goal striving in prima…
matched on Acculturation (keyword)
The Sociocultural Context of Caregiving Experiences for Vietnamese Dementia Family Caregivers.
The goal of this qualitative study was to describe the beliefs and experiences of Vietnamese caregivers caring for a family member with dementia and to elicit their ideas about promising interventions. We recruited 10 caregivers from support groups, the Alzheimer's Association, and local community-based organizations in Northern California. We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with all caregivers, as well as a focus group to obtain ideas about supportive strategies. Several themes emerged from the data: (1) Filial piety was influential in caregiving; (2) A sense of loss/grief or trauma was pervasive; and (3) Caregivers had clear sources of stress and sources of support. An overarching theme underlying these three topics was that cultural beliefs, values, and expectations impacted the caregiving experience. Suggestions for promising interventions included education, language-c…
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Post-traumatic growth among an ethnically diverse sample of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.
Objective: Although some survivors of childhood cancer report significant psychosocial distress, many also report having derived benefits, or post-traumatic growth (PTG), from their cancer experience. This study examines PTG and its correlates among an ethnically diverse sample of adolescent/young adult (AYA) cancer survivors who have recently completed treatment.
Methods: Survivors of childhood cancer (n = 94; 47% Hispanic), ages 11-21 and within 6 months of completing cancer therapy, were recruited from three pediatric cancer centers. Participants completed a structured interview that assessed demographics, PTG, post-traumatic stress symptoms, health-related quality of life, optimism, and depressive symptoms. Diagnosis/treatment information was collected from each patient's medical record. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify significant correlates of PTG.
Results: The ma…
matched on acculturation (text), Ethnicity (keyword)
Acculturation stress, anxiety disorders, and alcohol dependence in a select population of young adult Mexican Americans.
Objectives: Mexican Americans comprise one of the most rapidly growing populations in the U.S. and within this population the process of acculturation has been suggested to be associated with some mental health problems. This study sought to ascertain quantitative information indexing acculturation stress and its association with mental health disorders in a select community sample of Mexican Americans.
Methods: Demographic information, DSM-III-R diagnoses, and information on cultural identity and acculturation stress were obtained from 240 Mexican American young adults that were recruited by fliers and were residing in selected areas of San Diego.
Results: No associations were found between measures of cultural identification and lifetime diagnoses of drug or alcohol dependence, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders or antisocial personality disorder/conduct disorder in this samp…
matched on acculturation (text), Mexican Americans (keyword)