Mental health literacy

وَقَالُواْ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِي نُزِّلَ عَلَيۡهِ ٱلذِّكۡرُ إِنَّكَ لَمَجۡنُونࣱ‏

They say, ‘Receiver of this Quran! You are definitely mad

قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَكُمُ ٱلَّذِيٓ أُرۡسِلَ إِلَيۡكُمۡ لَمَجۡنُونࣱ‏

Pharaoh said, ‘This messenger who has been sent to you is truly possessed.’

وَيَقُولُونَ أَئِنَّا لَتَارِكُوٓاْ ءَالِهَتِنَا لِشَاعِرࣲ مَّجۡنُونِۭ

and said, ‘Are we to forsake our gods for a mad poet?’

ثُمَّ تَوَلَّوۡاْ عَنۡهُ وَقَالُواْ مُعَلَّمࣱ مَّجۡنُونٌ

they turned their backs on him, saying, ‘He is tutored! He is possessed!’

فَتَوَلَّىٰ بِرُكۡنِهِۦ وَقَالَ سَٰحِرٌ أَوۡ مَجۡنُونࣱ‏

Pharaoh turned away with his supporters, saying, ‘This is a sorcerer, or maybe a madman,’

كَذَٰلِكَ مَآ أَتَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِم مِّن رَّسُولٍ إِلَّا قَالُواْ سَاحِرٌ أَوۡ مَجۡنُونٌ

Every previous people to whom a messenger was sent also said, ‘A sor-cerer, or maybe a madman!’

And they that is the disbelievers of Mecca say to the Prophet s ‘O you to whom the Remembrance the Qur’ān — as you claim — has been revealed lo! you are indeed possessed!

He said ‘Verily this messenger of yours sent to you is a madman!’

and would say ‘Are we to abandon our gods for a mad poet?’ that is for the sake of what Muhammad (s) says? as regards the hamzas in a-innā ‘are we’ the same applies as mentioned above.

And they say: "O you (Muhammad) to whom the Dhikr (the Qur'an) has been revealed! Verily, you are a madman (6)"Why do you not bring angels to us if you are of the truthful? (7)We do not send the angels down except with the truth, and in that case, they (the disbelievers) would have no respite (8)Verily, We, it is We Who revealed the Dhikr (i.e. the Qur'an) and surely We will guard it (from corruption)(9) The Accusation that the Prophet (ﷺ) was a Madman and Demands for Him to bring down Angels Allah tells us about the disbelief, arrogance and stubbornness of the disbelievers as reflected in their words: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِي نُزِّلَ عَلَيْهِ الذِّكْرُ (O you (Muhammad) to whom the Dhikr (the Qur'an) has been revealed!) i.e., the one who claims to receive it. إِنَّكَ لَمَجْنُونٌ (Verily, you are a mad man!) i.e., by your invitation to us to follow you and leave the way of our forefath

Fir'awn said: "And what is the Lord of Al-'Alamin (23)(Musa) said: "The Lord of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, if you seek to be convinced with certainty. (24)(Fir'awn) said to those around: "Do you not hear (what he says)? (25)(Musa) said: "Your Lord and the Lord of your ancient fathers! (26)(Fir'awn) said: "Verily, your Messenger who has been sent to you is a madman! (27)(Musa) said: "Lord of the east and the west, and all that is between them, if you did but understand! (28) Allah tells us about the disbelief, rebellion, oppression and denial of Fir'awn, as He says: وَمَا رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ ((Fir'awn said:) "And what is the Lord of the 'Alamin") This is because he used to say to his people: مَا عَلِمْتُ لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرِي (I know not that you have a god other than me.)(28:38) فَاسْتَخَفَّ قَوْمَهُ فَأَطَاعُوهُ (Thus he fooled his people, and

And they will turn to one another and question one another (27)They will say: "It was you who used to come to us from the right side. (28)They will reply: "Nay, you yourselves were not believers. (29)"And we had no authority over you. Nay! But you were a transgressing people. (30)"So now the Word of our Lord has been justified against us, that we shall certainly taste (the torment). (31)"So we led you astray because we were ourselves astray. (32)Then verily, that Day, they will (all) share in the torment (33)Certainly, that is how We deal with the criminals (34)Truly, when it was said to them: "La ilaha illallah," they puffed themselves up with pride (35)And (they) said: "Are we going to abandon our gods for the sake of a mad poet? (36)Nay! he has come with the truth and he confirms the Messengers (37) The arguing of the Idolators on the Day of Resurrection Allah tells us that the disb

ولو كشف الغطاء لرأيت أكثر النفوس البشرية صرعى مع هذه الأرواح الخبيثة وهي في أسرها وقبضتها تسوقها حيث شاءت ولا يمكنها الامتناع عنها ولا مخالفتها وبها الصرع الأعظم الذي لا يفيق صاحبه إلا عند المفارقة والمعاينة فهناك يتحقق أنه كان هو المصروع حقيقة وبالله المستعان وعلاج هذا الصرع باقتران العقل الصحيح إلا الإيمان بما جاءت به الرسل وأن تكون الجنة والنار نصب عينه وقبلة قلبه ويستحرض أهل الدنيا وحلول المثولات والآفات بهم ووقوعها خلال ديارهم كمواقع القطر وهم صرعى لا يفيقون وما أشد أعداء هذا الصرع ولكن لما عمت البلية به بحيث ينظر الإنسان لا يرى إلا مصروعا لم يصر مستغربا ولا مستنكرا بل صار لكثرة المصروعين عين المستنكر المستغرب خلافة فإذا أراد الله بعبد حيرا أفاق من هذه الصرعة ونظر إلى أبناء الدنيا مصروعين حوله يمينا وشمالا على اختلاف طبقاتهم فمنهم من أطبق به الجنون ومنهم من يفيق أحيانا قليلة ويعود إلى جنونه ومنهم من يجن مرة ويفيق أخرى فإذا أفاق عمل عمل أهل الإفاقة والعقل ثم يعاوده الصرع فيقع في التخ

الثاني أن هذا باطل بصور كثيرة منها دخول الماء في العود والسحاب ودخول النار في الحديد ودخول الغذاء في جميع أجزاء البدن ودخول الجن في المصروع فالروح للطافتها لا يمتنع عليها مشابكة البدن والدخول في جميع أجزائه

فالعقل فن واحد وطريقه % أدرى فأرصد و الجنون فنون

هكذا ضعف الدين في قرون سالفة فكيف الظن بزمانك هذا وقد انتهى الأمر إلى أن مظهر الإنكار يستهدف لنسبته إلى الجنون فالأولى أن يشتغل الإنسان بنفسه ويسكت

وأما القسم الثاني، وهو المدح بسبب الجاه والمال، فالفرح بذلك، كالفرح بنبات الأرض الذي يصير عن قريب هشيما، ولا يفرح بذلك إلا من قل عقله، وإن كنت خاليا عن الصفة التي مدحت بها، ففرحك بالمدح غاية الجنون.

قالوا وكيف يمدح أمر يمنع القرار ويسلب المنام ويوله العقل ويحدث الجنون بل هو نفسه جنون كما قال بعض الحكماء الجنون فنون والعشق فن من فنونه كما قال بعض العشاق

The effectiveness of school mental health literacy programs to address knowledge, attitudes and help seeking among youth.: Aim: Conduct a systematic review for the effectiveness of school mental health literacy programs to enhance knowledge, reduce stigmatizing attitudes and improve help-seeking behaviours among youth (12-25 years of age). Methods: Reviewers independently searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ERIC, grey literature and reference lists of included studies. They reached a consensus on the included studies, and rated the risk of bias of each study. Studies that reported three outcomes: kn

Is It Possible to "Find Space for Mental Health" in Young People? Effectiveness of a School-Based Mental Health Literacy Promotion Program.: Lack of knowledge regarding, and the stigma associated with, mental disorders have been identified as major obstacles for the promotion of mental health and early intervention. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based intervention program focused on the promotion of mental health literacy (MHL) in young people (“Finding Space for Mental Health”). A sample of 543 students (22 classes), aged between 12 and 14 years old, participated in the study. Each class of studen

Facilitators and Barriers for Advance Care Planning Among Ethnic and Racial Minorities in the U.S.: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature.: Growing evidence suggests a low engagement in advance care planning (ACP) among ethnic minorities in the U.S. The purpose of this study was to synthesize findings from prior research about ACP among ethnic minorities. An extensive literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases. After applying inclusion criteria, 26 studies were included. Four categories of facilitators and barriers to ACP were identified: (1) Socio-demographic factors, (2) health status, literacy and experie

Adolescent health literacy and health behaviors: A systematic review.: Objectives: To systematically review and synthesize literature on the relationship between health literacy and health behaviors in adolescents. Methods: Searches in PsychInfo, PUBMED/MEDLINE, and Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) were conducted. Studies were included if they reported original data on the relationship between health literacy and a health behavior in adolescents, were written in English, and the population did not have a chronic illness or disability. Results: Sevent

The effect of a community-based self-help multimodal behavioral intervention in Korean American seniors with high blood pressure.: Background: Great strides have been made in improving heart health in the United States during the last 2 decades, yet these strides have not encompassed many ethnic minority populations. There are significant health disparity gaps stemming from both a paucity of valid research and a lack of culturally sensitive interventions. In particular, many Korean Americans with chronic illnesses encounter difficulty navigating the healthcare system because of limited health literacy. Methods: The effect o

Workplace Interventions Targeting Mental Health Literacy, Stigma, Help-Seeking, and Help-Offering in Male-Dominated Industries: A Systematic Review.: Mental ill-health and suicide represent a significant proportion of the burden of global disease among men. Connell's relational theory of masculinities provides a useful framework to explore how mental health literacy, mental health stigma, and delayed help-seeking and help-offering behaviors are associated with mental ill-health among men, particularly within male-dominated industries. To address the high incidences of mental ill-health in male-dominated industries, several workplace intervent

Spiritual care in nursing: a concept analysis.

Background: Around the world, spiritual care in nursing is a critical part of providing holistic care, but within our profession, there is a lack of certainty over the meaning of spirituality and delivery of spiritual care, including nurses thinking of spirituality as religion. Methods: We adopted the eight-step Walker and Avant's concept analysis approach to provide a definition of the concept, searching and analysing international and national online databases. Inclusion criterion included that articles were published between 1950 and 2012 in English or Persian language. Finally, 151 articles and 7 books were included in the analysis. Findings: The attributes of spiritual care are healing presence, therapeutic use of self, intuitive sense, exploration of the spiritual perspective, patient-centredness, meaning-centred therapeutic intervention and creation of a spiritually nurturing envi…

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Social and psychological factors underlying adult vaccination behavior: lessons from seasonal influenza vaccination in the US and the UK.

This article reviews the evidence base on the social and psychological factors that facilitate or hinder vaccination among adults. The authors categorized these factors into eight themes: social influence, disease-related factors, vaccine-related factors, habit, general attitudes toward health and vaccines, awareness and knowledge, practical barriers and motivators and altruism. Although there were many commonalities between both settings, the authors also indentifiedimportant differences. A better understanding of social and psychological aspects of vaccination across contexts and vaccines remains a priority.

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Mental illness stigma, help seeking, and public health programs.

Globally, more than 70% of people with mental illness receive no treatment from health care staff. Evidence suggests that factors increasing the likelihood of treatment avoidance or delay before presenting for care include (1) lack of knowledge to identify features of mental illnesses, (2) ignorance about how to access treatment, (3) prejudice against people who have mental illness, and (4) expectation of discrimination against people diagnosed with mental illness. In this article, we reviewed the evidence on whether large-scale anti-stigma campaigns could lead to increased levels of help seeking.

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

A review of the affects of worry and generalized anxiety disorder upon cardiovascular health and coronary heart disease.

Objective: The aims of this review article are to present psychophysiological and behavioral pathways for the involvement of worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) upon cardiovascular function. The review will focus on persons with and without coronary heart disease (CHD), and encompass etiological and prognostic studies. Methods: Articles (1975-2011) reporting on GAD or worry affecting CHD prognosis or cardiovascular function were found using MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and PsychINFO database searches, and extracted to form a narrative review. Results: Available evidence in experimental and observational studies in CHD free samples consistently showed that worry was associated with diminished heart rate variability (HRV) and elevated heart rate. Worry and GAD were commonly associated with blood pressure and diagnosed hypertension or medication use in both disease-free and established …

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Afghan immigrant women's knowledge and behaviors around breast cancer screening.

Background: This community-based participatory research was conducted to provide a preliminary understanding of how Afghan women in Northern California view their breast health. Methods: Results were based on demographics and in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with 53 non-English-speaking first-generation immigrant Muslim Afghan women 40 years and older. Results: Findings showed low levels of knowledge and awareness about breast cancer and low utilization of early-detection examinations for breast cancer among participants. Conclusions: The findings also suggest a significant need for a community-based breast health education program that recognizes the unique social, cultural, and religious dynamics of the Muslim Afghan community.

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Help seeking for mental health on college campuses: review of evidence and next steps for research and practice.

This article reviews what is known about help-seeking behavior for mental health problems in college populations and offers suggestions for the next steps that could be undertaken to improve knowledge and practice in this area. Our review suggests that traditional barriers, such as stigma, can only partially explain the high prevalence of untreated disorders. We discuss the conclusions and limitations of research on campus-based intervention strategies, including anti-stigma campaigns, screening programs, and gatekeeper trainings. In proposing new directions for research and practice, we consider insights from research on other health behaviors (e.g., diet and exercise) as well as innovative ideas from behavioral economics and cognitive psychology regarding behavior change.

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Exercise during pregnancy: a review of patterns and determinants.

The mental and physical health benefits of exercise during pregnancy highlight the importance of understanding the determinants of pregnant women's physical activity. This paper presents a review of the existing research on pregnancy and physical activity, in order to (a) summarize the existing body of literature since 1986 examining changes in physical activity during pregnancy, (b) summarize correlates and predictors of physical activity during pregnancy, and (c) present directions for future research. A literature search yielded 25 articles published from 1986 to 2009 in English peer-reviewed journals. The major findings were categorized into the following: (a) exercise patterns, (b) demographic correlates/predictors, (c) the influence of pre-pregnancy exercise on pregnancy exercise, (d) theory-based predictors and (f) other correlates of exercise (e.g. general health and safety conce…

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Racial disparities in organ donation and why.

Purpose of review: High prevalence of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hepatitis B and C, in minority groups, results in racial minorities being disproportionally represented on transplant waiting lists. Organ transplantation positively impacts patient survival but greater access is limited by a severe donor shortage. Recent findings: Unfortunately, minority groups also suffer from disparities in deceased and living donation. African-Americans comprise 12.9% of the population and 34% of the kidney transplant waiting list but only 13.8% of deceased donors. Barriers to minority deceased donation include: decreased awareness of transplantation, religious or cultural distrust of the medical community, fear of medical abandonment and fear of racism. Furthermore, African-Americans comprise only 11.8% of living donors. Barriers to minority living donation include: unwillin…

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

A critical review of the literature: engendering the discourse of masculinities matter for parenting African refugee men.

According to the literature on culturally and linguistically diverse parenting, refugee parenting practices and styles that are normative in countries of origin may not be sanctioned in Australia. In the case of refugee parenting, beliefs, practices, and values may be decentered in pre-resettlement contexts where survival becomes the primary concern. Engendering the discourse of masculinities to reflect a relationship between child protection and the experience of refugee parenting for African men in both pre- and post-resettlement contexts will inform culturally competent practice, intervention, and community development that is inclusive of their gender-specific needs. This article brings an expanded masculinities perspective to the ecology of refugee parenting for resettled African men resulting from larger research findings with focus group participants. Incorporating notions of masc…

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

[Health anxiety - increased knowledge and treatment options].

Patients with hypochondriasis are preoccupied with the fear or belief that they have a serious, undiagnosed disease. This concern derives from misinterpretations of benign physical sensations, and persists despite appropriate reassurance to the contrary. They have, on average, disproportionately high rates of visits to physicians, specialty consultations, laboratory tests, and surgical procedures, as well as high health care costs. Despite this extensive medical attention, they find their care unsatisfactory, which is understandable, as convincing alternative explanations to their ailments are repeatedly delayed. Physicians, in turn, may feel discouraged and frustrated in relation to these individuals where their best efforts to help often prove ineffective or are even rejected. Recent scientific studies have shown that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake…

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Understanding the experience of caregivers: a focus on transitions.

Objectives: To review the current knowledge on the challenges and benefits of informal family caregiving; and propose two conceptual frameworks for studying transitions common to patients with cancer and their family caregivers through the trajectory of the disease process leading to better, more focused, individualized interventions; Data sources: A review of current and classic literature on patients with cancer and their caregivers. Conclusion: Caregivers often take on burdens that they are not prepared for. As they become overwhelmed with the work, they often neglect themselves, leading to physical and emotional illnesses. Not all caregivers perceive the same amount of burden. Careful assessment of each caregiver/cared-for dyad to individualize their support is critical to supporting them along the journey of a cancer diagnosis. Implications for nursing practice: Operationalizing con…

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Using theories of behaviour change to inform interventions for addictive behaviours.

Aims: This paper reviews a set of theories of behaviour change that are used outside the field of addiction and considers their relevance for this field. Methods: Ten theories are reviewed in terms of (i) the main tenets of each theory, (ii) the implications of the theory for promoting change in addictive behaviours and (iii) studies in the field of addiction that have used the theory. An augmented feedback loop model based on Control Theory is used to organize the theories and to show how different interventions might achieve behaviour change. Results: Briefly, each theory provided the following recommendations for intervention: Control Theory: prompt behavioural monitoring, Goal-Setting Theory: set specific and challenging goals, Model of Action Phases: form 'implementation intentions', Strength Model of Self-Control: bolster self-control resources, Social Cognition Models (Protection …

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Overcoming language and literacy barriers in safety and health training of agricultural workers.

The workforce in all areas of United States agriculture and forestry is becoming increasingly diverse in language, culture, and education. Many agricultural workers are immigrants who have limited English language skills and limited educational attainment. Providing safety and health training to this large, diverse, dispersed, and often transient population of workers is challenging. This review, prepared for the 2010 Agricultural Safety and Health Council of America/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conference, "Be Safe, Be Profitable: Protecting Workers in Agriculture," is divided into five sections. First, we describe the occupational and demographic characteristics of agricultural workers in the United States to highlight their safety and health training needs. Second, we summarize current research on the social and cultural attributes of agricultural workers and …

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Stroke education: discrepancies among factors influencing prehospital delay and stroke knowledge.

Background: Time is essential for the treatment of acute stroke. Much time is lost outside the hospital, either due to failure in identifying stroke symptoms or due to a delay in notification or transport. We review studies reporting factors associated with better stroke knowledge and shorter time delays. We summarise the evidences for the effect of stroke knowledge and education on people's reaction in the acute situation of stroke. Methods: We searched MEDLINE for studies reporting factors associated with prehospital time of stroke patients, or knowledge of stroke symptoms. Further, we searched for studies reporting educational interventions aimed at increasing stroke symptom knowledge in the population. Findings: We included a total of 182 studies. Surprisingly, those factors associated with better stroke knowledge such as education and sociodemographic variables were not related to s…

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

A faith-based and cultural approach to promoting self-efficacy and regular exercise in older African American women.

The health benefits of regular exercise are well documented, yet there has been limited success in the promotion of regular exercise in older African American women. Based on theoretical and evidence-based findings, the authors recommend a behavioral self-efficacy approach to guide exercise interventions in this high-risk population. Interventions should be developed that are age appropriate, group delivered in the community, focused on a single behavior, and only include general health education as a secondary purpose. Suggested cultural tailoring of exercise interventions includes addressing beliefs about exercise, focusing on the "possible self," promoting participants as "cultural consultants," and spiritual and religious strategies.

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Polygyny and women's health in sub-Saharan Africa.

In this paper we review the literature on the association between polygyny and women's health in sub-Saharan Africa. We argue that polygyny is an example of "co-operative conflict" within households, with likely implications for the vulnerability of polygynous women to illness, and for their access to treatment. We begin with a review of polygyny and then examine vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections (STIs, including HIV) and differential reproductive outcomes. Polygyny is associated with an accelerated transmission of STIs, both because it permits a multiplication of sexual partners and because it correlates with low rates of condom use, poor communication between spouses, and age and power imbalances among other factors. Female fertility is affected by the interplay between marital rank, household status, and cultural norms in polygynous marriages. Finally, we present areas …

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Burn prevention mechanisms and outcomes: pitfalls, failures and successes.

Burns are responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide and are among the most devastating of all injuries, with outcomes spanning the spectrum from physical impairments and disabilities to emotional and mental consequences. Management of burns and their sequelae even in well-equipped, modern burn units of advanced affluent societies remains demanding and extremely costly. Undoubtedly, in most low and middle income countries (LMICs) with limited resources and inaccessibility to sophisticated skills and technologies, the same standard of care is obviously not possible. Unfortunately, over 90% of fatal fire-related burns occur in developing or LMICs with South-East Asia alone accounting for over half of these fire-related deaths. If burn prevention is an essential part of any integrated burn management protocol anywhere, focusing on burn prevention in LMICs rather than trea…

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Cancer patients' perceptions of the good nurse: a literature review.

This article discusses findings from a mixed method literature review that investigated cancer patients' perceptions of what constitutes a good nurse. To find pertinent articles, we conducted a systematic key word search of five journal databases (1998-2008). The application of carefully constructed inclusion criteria and critical appraisal identified 12 relevant articles. According to the patients, good nurses were shown to be characterized by specific, but inter-related, attitudes, skills and knowledge; they engage in person-to-person relationships, respect the uniqueness of patients, and provide support. Professional and trained skills as well as broad and specific nursing and non-nursing knowledge are important. The analysis revealed that these characteristics nurtured patient well-being, which manifests as optimism, trust, hope, support, confirmation, safety and comfort. Cancer pati…

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Attitudes, beliefs and behaviors surrounding organ donation among Hispanic women.

Purpose of review: Hispanic individuals are disproportionately in need of donor organs and are less likely to consent to donation than their non-Hispanic counterparts. This review addresses psychological constructs that include the attitudes and beliefs that surround organ donation within Hispanic communities and highlights the importance of women in the domain of organ donation. Recent findings: Attitudes toward living and posthumous donation are favorable. Mistrust of the medical profession, concerns about religious acceptance of donation, perceptions of inequity in the distribution of donated organs, and the context in which donation requests typically are made all serve as barriers to consent. Women are more likely to consent to donation than are men. Summary: Hispanic-American groups are heterogeneous. Culturally sensitive approaches to communicating a donation request must consider…

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Adherence to depression treatment in older adults: a narrative review.

Depression in older adults has been detected, diagnosed and treated more frequently in recent years. However, substantial gaps in effective treatment remain. Adherence to depression treatment can be viewed as the 'next frontier' in the treatment of late-life depression. Using the Theory of Reasoned Action, a model of health behaviours, this paper conceptualizes and reviews the current evidence for key patient-level factors associated with depression treatment adherence among older adults. We categorize these factors according to how their impact on adherence might be affected by specialized treatment approaches or interventions as: (i) modifiable; (ii) potentially modifiable; and (iii) non-modifiable. Based on current evidence, modifiable factors associated with depression treatment adherence include patient attitudes, beliefs and social norms. Patient attitudes include perceptions of th…

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Using self-efficacy theory to develop interventions that help older people overcome psychological barriers to physical activity: a discussion paper.

Background: Only a fifth of older people undertake a level of physical activity sufficient to lead to health benefit. Misconceptions about the ageing process and beliefs about the costs and benefits of exercise in late life may result in unnecessary self-imposed activity restriction. Thus, adhering to a physical activity can be difficult particularly when the benefits of exercise are often not immediate. Many of the barriers to engaging in physical activity among older people are attitudinal. It is therefore important to take account of the non-physical aspects of physical activity intervention programmes, such as increasing confidence. Self-efficacy is a widely applied theory used to understand health behaviour and facilitate behavioural modification, such as the increase of physical activity. Aim: This paper aims to examine the ways in which self-efficacy theory might be used in interv…

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Understanding and influencing the stigma of mental illness.

Life goals and the opportunities that define them are impaired by the stigma of mental illness. Three kinds of stigma may act as barriers to personal aspirations: public stigma, self-stigma, and label avoidance. Challenging mental illness stigm is essential in helping individuals accomplish recovery-related goals. Public stigma may be changed through protest, education, and contact. Self-stigma can be addressed by fostering group identity, changing the perceived legitimacy of stigma through cognitive rehabilitation, and making strategic decisions about disclosing one's mental health history. Stigma change for label avoidance is not as well understood but may include the education and contact approaches used for public stigma. Evidence-based approaches to stigma change need to be substantiated by rigorous investigations.

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

The epidemiology of sexual dysfunctions.

Introduction: Epidemiology can be defined as the population study of the occurrence of health and disease. The knowledge of the rates of occurrence of sexual dysfunctions and the primary risk factors for these conditions is very important to assist in assessing the risk and planning treatment and prevention programs in sexual medicine. Aim: Review modern studies of the prevalence and incidence of sexual dysfunction in an effort to establish a consensus concerning the frequency of occurrence of these conditions, and review the strengths and liabilities of design methodology in the field. Main outcome measure: Review of peer-reviewed literature. Results: The findings suggest that sexual dysfunctions are highly prevalent in our society worldwide, and that the occurrence of sexual dysfunctions increases directly with age for both men and women. There is also a strong support for the finding …

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

Compassion: a concept analysis.

Compassion is a quality deemed sine qua non for nursing and claimed to underpin the profession in its larger-than-life scope. Yet the meaning of the concept "compassion" (or "compassionate care") is neither clearly defined in nursing scholarship nor widely promoted in the context of contemporaneous everyday nursing practice. The term in its moral dimension has, at best, been downgraded as an optional practice in everyday nursing care and, at worst, dismissed as lofty ideals connected to other disciplines, such as religion and ethics. A concept analysis using Walker and Avant's strategic method as well as Rodgers's evolutionary paradigm was undertaken to clarify the meaning of the concept "compassion" and examine its relevance in the context of everyday nursing practice.

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)

A clinical approach to circadian rhythm sleep disorders.

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are characterized by complaints of insomnia and excessive sleepiness that are primarily due to alterations in the internal circadian timing system or a misalignment between the timing of sleep and the 24-h social and physical environment. In addition to physiological and environmental factors, maladaptive behaviors often play an important role in the development of many of the circadian rhythm sleep disorders. This review will focus on the clinical approach to the diagnosis and management of the various circadian rhythm sleep disorders, including delayed sleep phase disorder, advanced sleep phase disorder, non-entrained type, irregular sleep-wake rhythm, shift work sleep disorder and jet lag disorder. Diagnostic tools such as sleep diaries and wrist activity monitoring are often useful in confirming the diagnosis. Because behavioral and environmental fact…

matched on Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice (mesh)