Where a person lives as a determinant of health.
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401 to 425 of 1,190The impact of neighborhood environment on adolescent anxiety and depression: A moderated mediation model involving screen time and family function.
Objective: While the relationship between neighborhood environment and adolescent mental health is well-documented, few studies have examined the roles of screen time and family function in this association. This study aims to explore the "environment-behavior-health" pathway by investigating how neighborhood environment, screen time, and family function jointly influence adolescent anxiety and depression.
Method: Data were drawn from a large-scale, two-wave survey of 5th-12th grade Chinese adolescents. A moderated mediation model was constructed to examine whether screen time mediates the relationship between neighborhood environment and adolescent anxiety and depression, and whether this indirect effect is moderated by family function.
Results: The final sample included 8961 Chinese adolescents. Neighborhood environment was negatively associated with adolescents' screen time (b = -0.51…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighborhood (text)
Childhood poverty, social support, immigration background and adolescent health and life satisfaction: A population-based longitudinal study.
Objectives: This study examined whether poverty (neighborhood and household) was associated with future health or life satisfaction outcomes and whether the association operated through social support (adult support at home, adult support at school, peer belonging), or differed by the immigration background (nonimmigrant family or immigrant family) of the family.
Methods: This study utilized a retrospective, longitudinal, population-based cohort that included self-reported survey data from the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI) completed by children at age 9 and age 12, linked to administrative records. Participants included 5906 children in British Columbia, Canada. Neighborhood and household poverty were observed at age 8. Social support from adults and peers was self-reported at age 9. Outcomes (overall health; life satisfaction) were self-reported at age 12. Adjusted multi-lev…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighborhood (text)
Connected communities: Perceived neighborhood social cohesion during adolescence and subsequent health and well-being in young adulthood-An outcome-wide longitudinal approach.
Does higher perceived neighborhood social cohesion in adolescence lead to better health and well-being 10-12 years later? We evaluated this question using data from a large, prospective, and nationally representative sample of US adolescents (Add Health; N = 10,963), and an outcome-wide approach. Across 38 outcomes, perceived neighborhood social cohesion was associated with some: mental health outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, perceived stress), psychological well-being outcomes (i.e., happiness, optimism), social outcomes (i.e., loneliness, romantic relationship quality, satisfaction with parenting), and civic/prosocial outcomes (i.e., volunteering). However, it was not associated with health behaviors nor physical health outcomes. These results were maintained after robust control for a wide range of potential confounders.
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighborhood (text)
Identifying Individuals with Highest Social Risk in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Using Item Response Theory.
Objective: The aim of this analysis was to create a parsimonious tool to screen for high social risk using item response theory to discriminate across social risk factors in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Cross-sectional data of 615 adults with diabetes recruited from two primary care clinics were used. Participants completed assessments including validated scales on economic instability (financial hardship), neighborhood and built environment (crime, violence, neighborhood rating), education (highest education, health literacy), food environment (food insecurity), social and community context (social isolation), and psychological risk factors (perceived stress, depression, serious psychological distress, diabetes distress). Item response theory (IRT) models were used to understand the association between a participant's underlying level of a particular social risk factor and the …
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighborhood (text)
Neighbourhood deprivation across eight decades and late-life cognitive function in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936: a life-course study.
Introduction: although neighbourhood may predict late-life cognitive function, studies mostly rely on measurements at a single time point, with few investigations applying a life-course approach. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the associations between neighbourhood and cognitive test scores relate to specific cognitive domains or general ability. This study explored how neighbourhood deprivation across eight decades contributed to late-life cognitive function.
Methods: data were drawn from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 1,091) with cognitive function measured through 10 tests at ages 70, 73, 76, 79 and 82. Participants' residential history was gathered with 'lifegrid' questionnaires and linked to neighbourhood deprivation in childhood, young adulthood and mid-to-late adulthood. Associations were tested with latent growth curve models for levels and slopes of general (g) and domai…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)
Urban green space and mental health among people living alone: The mediating roles of relational and collective restoration in an 18-country sample.
Rates of living alone, especially in more urbanised areas, are increasing across many industrialised countries, with associated increases in feelings of loneliness and poorer mental health. Recent studies have suggested that access to nature (e.g. parks and green spaces) can reduce the stressors associated with loneliness, partly through providing opportunities to nurture personal relationships (relational restoration) and engage in normative community activities (collective restoration). Such associations might vary across different household compositions and socio-demographic or geographical characteristics, but these have not been thoroughly tested. Using data collected across 18 countries/territories in 2017-2018, we grouped urban respondents into those living alone (n = 2062) and those living with a partner (n = 6218). Using multigroup path modelling, we tested whether the associati…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)
Perceived neighbourhood collective efficacy and adolescent health determinants: Investigating outdoor play as a mediator.
Purpose: Research demonstrates that play is promotive of health and development in children across multiple domains. Outdoor play may be especially beneficial as environmental elements are conducive to recreation and relaxation. Maternal perception of neighbourhood collective efficacy (NCE), or sense of cohesion among residents, may be a form of social capital especially effective in promoting outdoor play, and thus healthy development. Yet little research has examined the long-term benefits of play beyond childhood.
Methods: We utilized longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4441) to evaluate outdoor play during middle childhood as a mediator between perceived NCE in early childhood and adolescent health determinants. Maternal self-reported perceived NCE at age 5, children's outdoor play was assessed at age 9 and adolescents' self-reported height, wei…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)
Schell RC, Allen B, Goedel WC, Hallowell BD, Scagos R, Li Y, Krieger MS, Neill DB, Marshall BDL, Cerda M, Ahern J (2022)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usAmerican journal of epidemiology39 citations Identifying Predictors of Opioid Overdose Death at a Neighborhood Level With Machine Learning.
Predictors of opioid overdose death in neighborhoods are important to identify, both to understand characteristics of high-risk areas and to prioritize limited prevention and intervention resources. Machine learning methods could serve as a valuable tool for identifying neighborhood-level predictors. We examined statewide data on opioid overdose death from Rhode Island (log-transformed rates for 2016-2019) and 203 covariates from the American Community Survey for 742 US Census block groups. The analysis included a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm followed by variable importance rankings from a random forest algorithm. We employed double cross-validation, with 10 folds in the inner loop to train the model and 4 outer folds to assess predictive performance. The ranked variables included a range of dimensions of socioeconomic status, including education, inc…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighborhood (text)
Kontopantelis E, Mamas MA, Webb RT, Castro A, Rutter MK, Gale CP, Ashcroft DM, Pierce M, Abel KM, Price G, Faivre-Finn C, Van Spall HGC, Graham MM, Morciano M, Martin GP, Sutton M, Doran T (2022)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPLoS medicine30 citations Excess years of life lost to COVID-19 and other causes of death by sex, neighbourhood deprivation, and region in England and Wales during 2020: A registry-based study.
Background: Deaths in the first year of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in England and Wales were unevenly distributed socioeconomically and geographically. However, the full scale of inequalities may have been underestimated to date, as most measures of excess mortality do not adequately account for varying age profiles of deaths between social groups. We measured years of life lost (YLL) attributable to the pandemic, directly or indirectly, comparing mortality across geographic and socioeconomic groups.
Methods and findings: We used national mortality registers in England and Wales, from 27 December 2014 until 25 December 2020, covering 3,265,937 deaths. YLLs (main outcome) were calculated using 2019 single year sex-specific life tables for England and Wales. Interrupted time-series analyses, with panel time-series models, were used to estimate expected YLL by sex, geo…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)
Association between residential greenness during childhood and trait emotional intelligence during young adulthood: A retrospective life course analysis in the United States.
Trait emotional intelligence reflects a set of self-perceptions and behavioral tendencies to empathize with others and manage one's own emotions. Trait emotional intelligence is a valuable characteristic since it can aid social interaction, bolster subjective wellbeing, and predict career success. Past research suggests that brief exposures to greenspace can enhance outcomes related to facets of trait emotional intelligence. The current study employed a retrospective life course analysis to examine whether residential greenness and other aspects of the residential environment predict trait emotional intelligence in early adulthood. Childhood exposure for 297 college students was based on up to three home addresses from birth to age 18, weighted by residency duration. Greenspace was calculated with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values in 500 m and 1000 m buffers. Partially…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighborhood (text)
Changes of perceived Neighbourhood environment: A longitudinal study of collective efficacy among vulnerable families.
Neighbourhood level factors are associated with individual's behaviours but limited empirical research investigate the long-term changes of neighbourhood factors, especially neighbourhood collective efficacy. Moreover, the longitudinal effects of neighbourhood structural factors on neighbourhood process factors worth further research. Thus, the current study examined the (1) the long-term trajectory of collective efficacy; (2) whether the time-varying neighbourhood structural factors are associated with collective efficacy over time. Using the four waves of FFCWS data (N = 4898), the current research found that neighbourhood social cohesion and informal social control increased over time, and the changes of neighbourhood structural factors are associated with the changes of collective efficacy over time. Identifying the dynamic changes of neighbourhood factors would benefit the further i…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)
The Protective Effect of Neighbourhood Collective Efficacy On Family Violence and Youth Antisocial Behaviour in Two South Korean Prospective Longitudinal Cohorts.
Neighbourhood collective efficacy has been proposed as a protective factor against family violence and youth antisocial behaviour. However, little is known about its impact on parent and child behaviour in non-Western countries. Using data from two population-based prospective cohorts from South Korea, including primary school students aged 10-12 years (N = 2844) and secondary school students aged 15-17 years (N = 3449), we examined the interplay between collective efficacy, family violence, and youth antisocial behaviour, and whether effects vary by SES. In a first series of models, in both samples, higher levels of collective efficacy were associated with lower levels of family violence, whereas higher levels of family violence were associated with higher levels of youth antisocial behaviour. There was no direct effect of collective efficacy on youth antisocial behaviour; however, ther…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)
Increased urban greenness associated with improved mental health among middle-aged and older adults of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).
Objectives: Some studies suggest that residential surrounding greenness is associated with improved mental health. Few of these studies have focussed on middle-aged and older adults, explored the modifying effects of social determinants of health, or accounted for the extent to which individuals interact with their neighbourhood environments.
Methods: We analysed cross-sectional data collected from 26,811 urban participants of the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging who were between 45 and 86 years of age. Participants provided details on socioeconomic characteristics, health behaviours, and their frequency of neighbourhood interactions. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a measure of greenness, was assigned to participants' residential addresses at a buffer distance of 500 m. Four self-reported measures of mental health were considered: The Center for Epidemiologic Stud…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)
Ribeiro AI, Fraga S, Severo M, Kelly-Irving M, Delpierre C, Stringhini S, Kivimaki M, Joost S, Guessous I, Severi G, Giles G, Sacerdote C, Vineis P, Barros H, LIFEPATH Consortium (2022)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe Lancet. Public health48 citations Association of neighbourhood disadvantage and individual socioeconomic position with all-cause mortality: a longitudinal multicohort analysis.
Background: Few studies have examined the interactions between individual socioeconomic position and neighbourhood deprivation and the findings so far are heterogeneous. Using a large sample of diverse cohorts, we investigated the interaction effect of neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation and individual socioeconomic position, assessed using education, on mortality.
Methods: We did a longitudinal multicohort analysis that included six cohort studies participating in the European LIFEPATH consortium: the CoLaus (Lausanne, Switzerland), E3N (France), EPIC-Turin (Turin, Italy), EPIPorto (Porto, Portugal), Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (Melbourne, VIC, Australia), and Whitehall II (London, UK) cohorts. All participants with data on mortality, educational attainment, and neighbourhood deprivation were included in the present study. The data sources were the databases of each cohort …
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)
The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19; a Retrospective Cohort Study.
There have been limited data assessing the influence of disadvantaged socioeconomic status (SES) on the incidence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients within the diverse communities of the United States. Here, we aim to investigate the association between poverty level, as an indicator of SES, and COVID-19 related clinical outcomes including hospitalization and all-cause mortality. This retrospective cohort study included 3528 patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 seen at a large New York City health system between March 1, 2020 and April 1, 2020. Data for neighborhood level poverty was acquired from the American Community Survey 2014-2018 and defined as the percent of residents in each ZIP code whose household income was below the federal poverty threshold (FPT): 0% to < 20% below FPT (low poverty) and > 20% below FPT (high poverty). COVID-19 positive patients who resided in…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighborhood (text)
Confronting COVID-19 in under-resourced, African American neighborhoods: a qualitative study examining community member and stakeholders' perceptions.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of COVID-19 related to prevention, coping, and testing of African American residents in under-resourced communities in Alabama.
Design: Guided by the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, virtual focus groups were conducted in five urban and rural Alabama communities using secure Zoom meetings. Community residents and stakeholders (N = 36 total) participated; meetings were audio- and video-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to Thematic Analysis. Themes were organized by the PRECEDE portion of the model in Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling barriers and facilitators in three focus areas: prevention, coping, and testing.
Results: Prevention barriers included apathy, difficulty with social distancing, lack of information, mixed messages from authority figures, and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE). Prevention facilit…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighborhood (text)
Prior L (2021)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usInternational journal of environmental research and public health28 citations Allostatic Load and Exposure Histories of Disadvantage.
The stress pathway posits that those in disadvantaged circumstances are exposed to a higher degree of stressful experiences over time resulting in an accumulated biological burden which subsequently relates to poorer health. Trajectories of disadvantage, in the form of neighbourhood deprivation and structural social capital, are evaluated in their relation to allostatic load representing the cumulative "wear and tear" of chronic stress. This paper uses data from the British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society in a latent class growth analysis. We identify groups of exposure trajectories over time using these classes to predict allostatic load at the final wave. The results show that persistent exposure to higher deprivation is related to worse allostatic load. High structural social capital over time relates to lower allostatic load, in line with a stress buffering effect, t…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)
Neighborhood disadvantage, childhood adversity, bullying victimization, and adolescent depression: A multiple mediational analysis.
Background: Each of the home, school, and neighborhood environmental factors for adolescent depression has received substantial attention in the literature; however, there remains a paucity of research which systematically examines the mechanisms whereby neighborhood structural and social characteristics in early childhood affects later depressive symptoms in adolescence as transmitted through family and school adversities.
Methods: The present study used nationally representative sampled data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal survey following a cohort of 4,898 children along with their parents and teachers at the child's birth and at 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15 years of age. Public and restricted-use data were used to merge individual surveys and neighborhood profiles.
Results: Our findings suggest that both neighborhood structural disadvantage and collective ef…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighborhood (text)
Evidence that loneliness can be reduced by a whole-of-community intervention to increase neighbourhood identification.
Rationale: Social identification with the people in one's neighbourhood has a wide variety of benefits for individual and community health and wellbeing. In particular, previous research shows that residents' social identification with their neighbourhood is protective of mental health. However, researchers are only just beginning to design and evaluate interventions that directly target social identification on health grounds.
Objective: This longitudinal study evaluated a whole-of-community intervention at scale (Neighbour Day, 2019), in which Australian residents were encouraged to build social connections in their local community. Neighbour Day is a campaign that seeks to raise public awareness of the importance of connecting with neighbours and had a reach of approximately 300,000 people in 2019.
Methods: Participants were 437 hosts of neighbourhood events held across 276 diverse su…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)
U.S. national, regional, and state-specific socioeconomic factors correlate with child and adolescent ADHD diagnoses pre-COVID-19 pandemic.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most diagnosed emerging neurodevelopmental disorder in children, is a growing health crisis in the United States. Due to the potential increase in ADHD severity during and post the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed recent national and two state-specific ADHD data distribution among U.S. children and adolescents by investigating a broad range of socioeconomic status (SES) factors. Child and adolescent ADHD diagnosis and treatment data were parent-reported via National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). The nationwide childhood prevalence of ADHD is 8.7%, and 62.1% of diagnosed children are taking medication. Louisiana (15.7%) has the highest percentage of children diagnosed with ADHD and California (5.6%) has the lowest, followed by Nevada (5.9%). Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA, n = 51,939) examining 30 factors highlights four area…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighborhood (text)
Estimating multiple greenspace exposure types and their associations with neighbourhood premature mortality: A socioecological study.
Background: Greenspace exposures are often measured using single exposure metrics, which can lead to conflicting results. Existing methodologies are limited in their ability to estimate greenspace exposure comprehensively. We demonstrate new methods for estimating single and combined greenspace exposure metrics, representing multiple exposure types that combine impacts at various scales. We also investigate the association between those greenspace exposure types and premature mortality.
Methods: We used geospatial data and spatial analytics to model and map greenspace availability, accessibility and eye-level visibility exposure metrics. These were harmonised and standardised to create a novel composite greenspace exposure index (CGEI). Using these metrics, we investigated associations between greenspace exposures and years of potential life lost (YPLL) for 1673 neighbourhoods applying s…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)
Residential greenness and indicators of stress and mental well-being in a Canadian national-level survey.
Background: Residential proximity to greenness in urban areas has been shown to confer a number of health benefits, including improved mental health. We investigated whether greenness was associated with self-reported stress, distress, and mental health among adult participants of multiple cycles of a national Canadian health survey, and whether these associations varied by sex, age, income, and neighbourhood characteristics.
Methods: Our study population included 397,900 participants of the Canadian Community Health Survey, 18 years of age or older, who lived in census metropolitan areas between 2000 and 2015. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to characterize participants' exposure to greenness within 250 m, 500 m, and 1 km buffers from a representative location of their postal code. Health outcomes included: self-reported perceptions of life stress, psychologica…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)
Association between neighborhood social cohesion, awareness of chronic diseases, and participation in healthy behaviors in a community cohort.
Background: Neighborhood social cohesion (NSC) is the network of relationships as well as the shared values and norms of residents in a neighborhood. Higher NSC has been associated with improved cardiovascular health, largely among Whites but not African Americans. In a bi-racial cohort, we aimed to study the association between NSC and chronic disease awareness and engagement in healthy self-management behaviors, two potential mechanisms by which NSC could impact cardiovascular health outcomes.
Methods: Using the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Lifespan Study (HANDLS), we cross-sectionally examined the association between NSC and awareness of three chronic conditions (diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and hypertension) and engagement in healthy self-management behaviors including physical activity, healthy eating, and cigarette avoidance.
Results: Study part…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighborhood (text)
Is suicide mortality associated with neighbourhood social fragmentation and deprivation? A Dutch register-based case-control study using individualised neighbourhoods.
Background: Neighbourhood social fragmentation and socioeconomic deprivation seem to be associated with suicide mortality. However, results are inconclusive, which might be because dynamics in the social context are not well-represented by administratively bounded neighbourhoods at baseline. We used individualised neighbourhoods to examine associations between suicide mortality, social fragmentation, and deprivation for the total population as well as by sex and age group.
Methods: Using a nested case-control design, all suicides aged 18-64 years between 2007 and 2016 were selected from longitudinal Dutch register data and matched with 10 random controls. Indices for social fragmentation and deprivation were calculated annually for 300, 600 and 1000 metre circular buffers around each subject's residential address.
Results: Suicide mortality was significantly higher in neighbourhoods with…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)
Harris R (2020)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usHealth & place43 citations Exploring the neighbourhood-level correlates of Covid-19 deaths in London using a difference across spatial boundaries method.
This paper explores neighbourhood-level correlates of the Covid-19 deaths in London during the initial rise and peak of the pandemic within the UK - the period March 1 to April 17, 2020. It asks whether the person-level predictors of Covid-19 that are identified in reports by Public Health England and by the Office of National Statistics also hold at a neighbourhood scale, remaining evident in the differences between neighbours. In examining this, the paper focuses on localised differences in the number of deaths, putting forward an innovative method of analysis that looks at the differences between places that share a border. Specifically, a difference across spatial boundaries method is employed to consider whether a higher number of deaths in one neighbourhood, when compared to its neighbours, is related to other differences between those contiguous locations. It is also used to map l…
matched on Residence Characteristics (mesh), neighbourhood (text)