What is eaten and how it bears on mind and body.
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926 to 950 of 1,410Influence of Ramadan fasting on physiological and performance variables in football players: summary of the F-MARC 2006 Ramadan fasting study.
The timing of food and liquid intake depends on the times of sunset and sunrise during the month of Ramadan. The current body of knowledge presents contradicting results as to the effect of Ramadan fasting on body mass, body composition and metabolic changes. The main objective of the present investigation was to gain additional information and scientific data in conformity with the philosophical background of Islam to allow optimisation of the daily training and dietary regimen in relation to the mental and physical performance of football players. The four teams, along with their coaches and trainers, attended a residential training camp at training centre 3 weeks before the start of Ramadan and throughout the study. Energy intake was relatively stable in the fasting group, but there was a small, albeit significant, decrease of approximately 0.7 kg in body mass. Water intake increased …
matched on Nutritional Status (mesh), Energy Intake (mesh), nutrition (text)
Popkin BM (2006)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe American journal of clinical nutrition870 citations Global nutrition dynamics: the world is shifting rapidly toward a diet linked with noncommunicable diseases.
Global energy imbalances and related obesity levels are rapidly increasing. The world is rapidly shifting from a dietary period in which the higher-income countries are dominated by patterns of degenerative diseases (whereas the lower- and middle-income countries are dominated by receding famine) to one in which the world is increasingly being dominated by degenerative diseases. This article documents the high levels of overweight and obesity found across higher- and lower-income countries and the global shift of this burden toward the poor and toward urban and rural populations. Dietary changes appear to be shifting universally toward a diet dominated by higher intakes of animal and partially hydrogenated fats and lower intakes of fiber. Activity patterns at work, at leisure, during travel, and in the home are equally shifting rapidly toward reduced energy expenditure. Large-scale decre…
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Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults.
Childhood obesity is an important public health problem, with a rapidly increasing frequency worldwide. Identification of critical periods for the development of childhood and adolescent obesity could be very useful for targeting prevention measures. Weight status in early childhood is a poor predictor of adult adiposity status, and most obese adults were not obese as children. We first proposed to use the body mass index (BMI) charts to monitor individual BMI development. The adiposity rebound (AR) corresponds to the second rise in BMI curve that occurs between ages 5 and 7 years. It is not as direct a measure as BMI at any age, but because it involves the examination of several points during growth, and because it is identified at a time when adiposity level clearly change directions, this method provides information that can help us understand individual changes and the development of…
matched on Nutritional Status (mesh), Energy Intake (mesh), nutrition (text)
Intrinsic rewards, fruit and vegetable consumption, and habit strength: a three-wave study testing the associative-cybernetic model.
Background: Habit formation is thought to lead to long-term maintenance of fruit and vegetable consumption. Habits develop through context-dependent repetition, but additional variables such as intrinsic reward of behaviour may influence habit strength. Drawing upon the Associative-Cybernetic Model, this exploratory study tested different pathways by which intrinsic reward may influence fruit and vegetable consumption habit strength.
Methods: In a three-wave study of fruit and vegetable intake in adults (N = 127) from the general population, intrinsic reward, intention, and self-efficacy were assessed at baseline, fruit and vegetable consumption and intrinsic reward two weeks later, and habit strength another two weeks later. Direct, indirect, and moderation effects of intrinsic reward on habit strength were tested simultaneously in a moderated mediation model.
Results: Intrinsic reward …
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Fotu KF, Millar L, Mavoa H, Kremer P, Moodie M, Snowdon W, Utter J, Vivili P, Schultz JT, Malakellis M, McCabe MP, Roberts G, Swinburn BA (2011)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity48 citations Outcome results for the Ma'alahi Youth Project, a Tongan community-based obesity prevention programme for adolescents.
Tonga has a very high prevalence of obesity with steep increases during youth, making adolescence a critical time for obesity prevention. The Ma'alahi Youth Project, the Tongan arm of the Pacific Obesity Prevention in Communities project, was a 3-year, quasi-experimental study of community-based interventions among adolescents in three districts on Tonga's main island (Tongatapu) compared to the island of Vava'u. Interventions focused mainly on capacity building, social marketing, education and activities promoting physical activity and local fruit and vegetables. The evaluation used a longitudinal design (mean follow-up duration 2.4 years). Both intervention and comparison groups showed similar large increases in overweight and obesity prevalence (10.1% points, n = 815; 12.6% points, n = 897 respectively). Apart from a small relative decrease in percentage body fat in the intervention g…
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Correlates of Inaccuracy in Reporting of Energy Intake Among Persons with Multiple Sclerosis.
Background/objectives: Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) are interested in diet as a second-line approach for disease management. This study examined potential variables that correlate with inaccuracy of self-reported energy intake (EI) in adults with MS.
Methods: Twenty-eight participants completed two assessment appointments within a 14-day period that included a standard doubly labeled water (DLW) protocol for estimating total energy expenditure (TEE). The participants reported their EI using the Automated Self-Administered 24 h (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool. The primary variables of interest for explaining the discrepancy between TEE and ASA24 EI (i.e., inaccuracy) included cognition (processing speed, visuospatial memory, and verbal memory), hydration status (total body water), and device-measured physical activity. Pearson's correlations assessed the association between absolu…
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Prevalence and Predictors of Emotional Eating among Healthy Young Saudi Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Emotional eating (EE) is prevalent among women and is associated with obesity. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and mandatory quarantine increased the risk of mental symptoms and, inferentially, emotional eating (EE). We investigated the EE prevalence and predictors during this pandemic. Overall, 638 women, ages 18-39, completed an online survey incorporating the Emotional Eating Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. We asked about nutrition and collected data on weight, height, and pandemic responses. Most respondents (47.2%) reported low EE; 40.4% were "moderate" and 12.4% "high" emotional eaters; 42.8% reported depression, 27% anxiety, 71% moderate stress, and 12.5% severe stress. The main EE indicators/predictors were fat intake (β = 0.192…
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Robertson-James C, Sawyer L, Mertus S, Robertson D, Congleton S, Watkins S, Wolf J, Núñez A (2018)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usProgress in community health partnerships : research, education, and action1 citations The Role of Health Policies in Faith-based Institutions in Promoting Health and Changing Food Practices: The Philadelphia Ujima Experience.
Background: The Philadelphia Ujima Health Collaborative uses a community-based participatory research framework to address nutrition in underserved communities. Participation in individual-level focused health promotion activities motivated two faith-based partners to develop wellness policies to better inform their health promoting practices, specifically around food served at church events.
Objectives: This study investigated the effectiveness of church-based policies in influencing 1) organizational practices regarding food and beverages served and sold and 2) individual attitudes and practices toward healthy eating.
Methods: Congregants completed questionnaires assessing their knowledge and awareness of the policy as well as observed changes in institutional and personal practices. Additionally key informant interviews were conducted with ministry leaders and members.
Results: As a r…
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Diet-induced changes in maternal gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles influence programming of offspring obesity risk in rats.
Maternal obesity and overnutrition during pregnancy and lactation can program an increased risk of obesity in offspring. In this context, improving maternal metabolism may help reduce the intergenerational transmission of obesity. Here we show that, in Sprague-Dawley rats, selectively altering obese maternal gut microbial composition with prebiotic treatment reduces maternal energy intake, decreases gestational weight gain, and prevents increased adiposity in dams and their offspring. Maternal serum metabolomics analysis, along with satiety hormone and gut microbiota analysis, identified maternal metabolic signatures that could be implicated in programming offspring obesity risk and highlighted the potential influence of maternal gut microbiota on maternal and offspring metabolism. In particular, the metabolomic signature of insulin resistance in obese rats normalized when dams consumed …
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Cleobury L, Tapper K (2014)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association78 citations Reasons for eating 'unhealthy' snacks in overweight and obese males and females.
Background: Snack foods are often high in fat and sugar. Thus, reducing snack consumption may be a useful weight management strategy. However, individuals may snack for a variety of reasons with different implications for intervention. The present study examined the perceived reasons for eating main meals, 'unhealthy' snacks (i.e. snacks high in fat or sugar) and 'healthy' snacks in overweight and obese participants.
Methods: Over a period of 5 days, 28 males and 27 females completed a food diary every time they ate. As well as providing details about the type of eating episode and food eaten, they also rated their agreement with 13 different reasons for eating (identified from relevant literature and a pilot study).
Results: Across a total of 1084 eating episodes, 358 were coded as snacks, 79% of which were high in either fat or sugar. The results showed that hunger and temptation (exte…
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Examining the relationship between family meal frequency and individual dietary intake: does family cohesion play a role?
Objective: To confirm previously reported associations between family meal frequency and dietary intake, and to examine family cohesion as a potential mediator of this relationship.
Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Data collected at baseline via questionnaire.
Setting: Randomized, controlled household weight gain prevention trial.
Participants: Participants were 152 adults and 75 adolescents from 90 community households.
Variables measured: Family meal frequency assessed with a single question. Perceived family cohesion measured by the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-III. Usual intake of targeted food items assessed with modified food frequency questionnaire.
Analysis: Hierarchical linear regression with mediation analysis. Statistical significance set at α-level .05.
Results: Family meal frequency was associated with intake of fruits and vegetables in adult…
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Psychological distress is associated with inadequate dietary intake in Vietnamese marriage immigrant women in Korea.
Previous studies have reported that the nutritional status of Vietnamese female marriage immigrants in Korea is inadequate. And the mediation of acculturation stress can contribute to problems in their eating practices and dietary intakes. This study examines an association between psychological distress and inadequate dietary intake in Vietnamese female marriage immigrants living in Korea. A cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data (n=570) from the Cohort of Intermarried Women in Korea. Daily nutrient intakes were compared according to the quartiles of distress scores assessed by the Psychological Well-Being Index-Short Form. One-way analysis of variance and chi(2) tests were used to compare eating practices and nutrient intake across quartiles of psychological distress. Subjects in the highest stress scores were more likely to skip breakfast and to change their dietary habits after…
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A garden pilot project enhances fruit and vegetable consumption among children.
Fruit and vegetable intake among children is inadequate. Garden-based nutrition education programs may offer a strategy for increasing fruit and vegetable intake in children. A 12-week pilot intervention was designed to promote fruit and vegetable intake among 4th to 6th grade children (n=93) attending a YMCA summer camp. Children participated in garden-based activities twice per week. Weekly educational activities included fruit and vegetable taste tests, preparation of fruit and vegetable snacks, and family newsletters sent home to parents. The pilot intervention was evaluated using a pre and post survey to determine participant satisfaction and the short-term impacts of the program. The process evaluation focused on program satisfaction, whereas the short-term impact evaluation assessed fruit and vegetable exposure, preference, self-efficacy, asking behavior, and availability of fruit…
matched on Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena (mesh), Fruit (mesh), Vegetables (mesh), nutrition (text)
It's good to talk: children's views on food and nutrition.
Objective: To gain an insight into children's views about food and nutrition.
Design: Data were collected in focus group discussions; two focus group sessions were undertaken with each school group.
Setting: A total of 11 postprimary schools in Northern Ireland and England.
Subjects: In all, 106 children aged 11-12-y-old (n = 52 boys, n = 54 girls).
Results: Focus group transcripts were analysed using qualitative research methodology. Major barriers to healthy eating were taste, appearance of food, filling power, time/effort, cost, choice/availability, risk, rebellion, and body image/weight concerns. The main difference between sexes was in terms of motivating factors for eating well; girls tended to focus primarily on their appearance whereas boys appeared to be more influenced by sport. There was some mention of balance and variety within the focus group discussions, however, in practi…
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Mediterranean diet is linked to less objective disability in multiple sclerosis.
Background: The multiple sclerosis (MS) community is highly interested in diet as a potential protective factor against disability, but empirical evidence remains limited.
Objective: Evaluate associations between patient-reported Mediterranean diet alignment and objective disability in a real-world MS cohort.
Methods: Data were analyzed from persons with MS, aged 18-65, who completed the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), MS Functional Composite (MSFC; primary disability metric), and patient-reported outcomes (PROs; disability, gait disturbance, fatigue, anxiety, and depression) as part of our Comprehensive Annual Assessment Program. Multiple regression predicted MSFC (and PROs) with MEDAS after adjusting for demographic (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status) and health-related (body mass index (BMI), exercise, sleep disturbance, hypertension, diabetes, hyperli…
matched on Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), Diet (keyword)
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lifestyles and Quality of Life of Women With Fertility Problems: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has implied worldwide the imposition of confinement measures and mobility restrictions, to a greater or lesser extent. It has also meant the closure of some public medical services such as reproductive care. This situation may have impacted the health-related behaviour and quality of life of women with fertility problems. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of confinement and the suspension of reproductive medical care on the lifestyle (diet, physical exercise, and smoking habits), anxiety and depression, and quality of life of infertile women by comparing their pre- and post-confinement situations. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional, internet-based study. Information was collected on these women's adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDAS questionnaire), physical exercise (IPAQ-SF), anxiety and depression (HADS), an…
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COVID-19 and maternal and child food and nutrition insecurity: a complex syndemic.
Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has already led to major increases in unemployment and is expected to lead to unprecedented increases in poverty and food and nutrition insecurity, as well as poor health outcomes. Families where young children, youth, pregnant and lactating women live need to be protected against the ongoing protracted pandemic and the aftershocks that are very likely to follow for years to come. The future wellbeing of the vast majority of the world now depends on reconfiguring the current ineffective food, nutrition, health, and social protection systems to ensure food and nutrition security for all. Because food, nutrition, health, and socio-economic outcomes are intimately inter-linked, it is essential that we find out how to effectively address the need to reconfigure and to provide better intersecoral coordination among global and local food, health care, and social…
matched on Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena (mesh), Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena (mesh), nutrition (text)
Predictors of infant birth weights: Role of the Lebanese mediterranean diet, psychosocial factors and maternal health status.
Background: The Mediterranean diet (MeD) is associated with favorable pregnancy outcomes, but contribution of this dietary pattern during pregnancy with small (SGA), appropriate (AGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age births is limited.
Methods: For this prospective national cohort study 618 Lebanese pregnant women were recruited. Infant birth weight was categorized into SGA (n = 73), AGA (n = 447) and LGA (n = 98). Modifiers of birth weight outcomes included dietary adherence to Lebanese MeD (LMeD), trimestral and total weight gain, MAP (mean arterial pressure) and PP (pulse pressure) and psychosocial, socio-demographic, and maternal health factors. Descriptive statistics compared differences among SGA, AGA, and LGA infants. Hierarchical linear regression modeling identified determinants for birth weight categories and hierarchical logistic regression modeling was used to identify fac…
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Boujelbane MA, Ammar A, Salem A, Kerkeni M, Trabelsi K, Bouaziz B, Masmoudi L, Heydenreich J, Schallhorn C, Müller G, Merve Uyar A, Ghazzawi HA, Amawi AT, Orhan BE, Grosso G, Abdelkarim O, Driss T, El Abed K, Zmijewski P, Debeaufort F, Benbettaieb N, Poulain C, Reyes L, Gamero A, Cuenca-Ortolá M, Cilla A, Francesca N, Messina CM, Viola E, Lorenzen B, Filice S, Bajoub A, Ajal EM, Ajal EA, Obtel M, Lahiani S, Khaldi T, Souissi N, Boukhris O, Jahrami H, Husain W, Frias-Toral E, Mahdi W, Chtourou H, Schöllhorn WI (2025)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usFrontiers in public health15 citations Regional variations in Mediterranean diet adherence: a sociodemographic and lifestyle analysis across Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean regions within the MEDIET4ALL project.
Introduction: The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is acknowledged for its health advantages; however, compliance with its principles differs by region and is influenced by geographical, cultural, economic, and life-style factors. This research examines regional differences in sociodemographic and lifestyle factors between Mediterranean (MC) and non-Mediterranean (NMC) countries, with a particular focus on adherence to the Mediterranean diet and lifestyle, as well as the associated barriers in each region.
Methods: The MEDIET4ALL international survey was conducted across 10 countries, and data were collected from 4,010 participants. Dietary adherence was assessed via the MedLife Index, and additional lifestyle measures included physical activity (IPAQ-SF), sleep patterns (PSQI), mental health (DASS-21), and social participation (SSPQL). Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, Mann-Wh…
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Acculturating to multiculturalism: a new dimension of dietary acculturation among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander women in the San Francisco Bay Area, USA.
Background: Dietary acculturation is the process by which diet and dietary practises from the environment of origin are retained or changed and/or those prevalent in a new environment are adopted. Despite rapid population growth the U.S., knowledge gaps exist on characterising dietary acculturation among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander communities (AANHPI). This study characterise dietary patterns in a sample representative of AANHPI on key demographic characteristics.
Methods: Data were from a 2013-2014 population-based case-control study in the San Francisco Bay Area, U.S. Survey items were adapted from dietary acculturation scales developed for AANHPI populations. Validated measures assessed social capital, social standing, discrimination and immigration experiences. A principal components factor analysis was conducted to characterise dietary patterns of accultur…
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Risks and Benefits of Different Dietary Patterns in CKD.
Food has the potential to cause and exacerbate many lifestyle diseases. Or it can be used to prevent and treat illnesses like primary hypertension, the metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. In parallel, there is also a growing body of evidence of the role of diet in the treatment of kidney disease and its ensuing complications. Popular diets for this purpose have included low-carbohydrate diets, including the ketogenic diet, and higher carbohydrate diets like Mediterranean diets and other plant-based dietary patterns. Low-carbohydrate diets have not shown harm in patients with kidney disease and may benefit a select few. Mediterranean diets have an established record of cardioprotective benefits but also may be beneficial for the kidney. Intermittent fasting has benefits for metabolic health, but limited research exists on the risk or benefit for patients with kidney disease. Plant…
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Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy and Their Association with Gestational Weight Gain and Anthropometric Measurements at Birth.
Background: Dietary patterns can influence maternal and child health outcomes. The study aims to characterize dietary patterns during pregnancy as well as to identify their associations with gestational weight gain (GWG) and anthropometric measurements at birth.
Methods: A minimum sample size of 95 nursing mothers was estimated for this work. Socioeconomic, anthropometric, physical activity, obstetric and food consumption (food frequency questionnaire) data was collected from mothers and their newborns in immediate postpartum (n = 260) at the maternity hospital. Maternal pregestational weight and GWG were self-reported and the neonatal data was obtained from their records. The patterns were derived posteriori by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Multinomial Logistic Regression and Poisson Regression with Robust Variance were applied.
Findings: Four dietary patterns were derived: "patte…
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Zhou YF, Song XY, Wu J, Chen GC, Neelakantan N, van Dam RM, Feng L, Yuan JM, Pan A, Koh WP (2021)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of the American Medical Directors Association25 citations Association Between Dietary Patterns in Midlife and Healthy Ageing in Chinese Adults: The Singapore Chinese Health Study.
Objective: To examine the associations between dietary patterns in midlife and likelihood of future healthy ageing in Chinese older adults.
Design: Prospective population-based study.
Setting and participants: We included 14,159 participants aged 45-74 years who were free from cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes at baseline (1993-1998) from the Singapore Chinese Health Study.
Methods: Dietary intakes in midlife were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Diet quality was scored according to the alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, the alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010, overall plant-based diet index (PDI), and healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI). Healthy ageing was assessed at the third follow-up visit (2014-2016), which occurred about 20 years after the baseline visit, and was defi…
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Mamalaki E, Anastasiou CA, Ntanasi E, Tsapanou A, Kosmidis MH, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Sakka P, Scarmeas N, Yannakoulia M (2018)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usGeriatrics & gerontology international48 citations Associations between the mediterranean diet and sleep in older adults: Results from the hellenic longitudinal investigation of aging and diet study.
Aim: Although there is some evidence of the relationships between sleep duration/quality and nutrient and/or food intake, the associations between sleep and dietary patterns have been poorly explored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate sleep duration and quality in relation to adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), and to investigate the sex- and age-specific associations in a population-representative cohort of older adults.
Methods: Participants from the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet were included. The sample consisted of 1639 adults aged ≥65 years. Sleep duration and quality were assessed through a self-report questionnaire, whereas adherence to the MeDi was evaluated by an a priori score.
Results: Sleep quality was positively associated with the MeDi in the unadjusted and the adjusted model (age, sex, depression, years of education, body mass in…
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Coffee Consumption and the Risk of Depression in a Middle-Aged Cohort: The SUN Project.
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed drinks around the world, while depression is considered the major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. However, the investigation on coffee consumption and depression is limited and results may be confounded by the overall dietary pattern. We assessed the relationship between coffee intake and the risk of depression, controlling for adherence to the Mediterranean diet. We studied 14,413 university graduates of the 'Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra' (SUN) cohort, initially free of depression. We evaluated coffee consumption using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Incident depression cases were adjudicated only if the participant met two criteria simultaneously: (a) validated physician-diagnosed depression together with (b) new onset of habitual antidepressant use. Both criteria were needed; participants meeting only…
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