What is eaten and how it bears on mind and body.
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976 to 1000 of 1,410Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its association with environmental footprints among women of childbearing age in the United Arab Emirates.
Purpose: To examine the association of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) with Environmental Footprints (EFPs) among women of childbearing age in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Methods: Data belonging to a nationally representative sample of 482 women (19-50 years) were derived from a previous survey in the UAE. In face-to-face interviews, participants completed questionnaires addressing sociodemographic, physical activity, and dietary intake characteristics; the latter assessed using a multiple pass 24-h recall. The composite Mediterranean (c-MED) index was used to examine the adherence to the MD. Metrics for the EFPs (water use, energy use, and GHG emissions) were calculated using Life Cycle Analyses. Descriptive statistics and linear regressions were used in data analysis.
Results: In the study sample, the distribution of the c-MED scores was skewed to the right, indicating a l…
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Mathews R, Nadorff D (2022)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usInternational journal of environmental research and public health3 citations Too Many Treats or Not Enough to Eat? The Impact of Caregiving Grandparents on Child Food Security and Nutrition.
With the number of grandparent-headed households on the rise, the influence of grandparents needs to be considered in the fight to reduce child obesity. The current study investigated the influence of caregiver type (i.e., grandparents only, parents only, or multi-generational households) on children's nutrition, food security, and BMI. This was a cross-sectional, secondary analysis based on the 2009-2010 wave of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey in collaboration with the World Health Organization. This sample included 12,181 students from 10,837 families with only parents present in the household, 238 with only grandparents present, and 1106 multi-generational families. One-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were conducted using caregiver type as the independent variable, controlling for SES, on items assessing frequency of breakfast consumption, nutrition inta…
matched on Nutritional Status (mesh), nutrition (text)
The relation between MIND diet with psychological disorders and psychological stress among Iranian adults.
Background: Given the role of dietary antioxidants in relieving depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as studies on the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean and Dash diets separately on these problems, in this study, we examine the relationship between the MIND index (Mediterranean- DASH diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) as a combined indicator of the Mediterranean and DASH diet with psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and psychological stress among a large sample of the Iranian adult population.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 7165 participants of the enrollment phase of Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and Yazd Nutrition Study (TAMYZ) a valid 178-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess participants' food intake. The MIND diet score was calculated based on participants' dietary intakes obtained from FF…
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Cash transfers before pregnancy and infant health.
We estimate the impact of a cash transfer targeting new mothers on their subsequent children's health outcomes at birth. We exploit the unexpected introduction of a generous, universal child benefit in Spain in 2007. Using population-wide, individual-level, high-quality administrative data from birth records and a regression discontinuity approach, we find that women who received the benefit were much less likely to have low-birth-weight children in the future (while their subsequent fertility was unaffected). The overall effect is driven by poor women, unmarried women, and women with low education, and by births taking place relatively soon after the benefit receipt. The €2500 transfer led to a 0.7 percentage-point decline in the fraction of children born under 1500 g in poorer households in the following five years, an 83% reduction. We explore the underlying channels, and find evidenc…
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Bonaccio M, Costanzo S, Bracone F, Gialluisi A, Di Castelnuovo A, Ruggiero E, Esposito S, Olivieri M, Persichillo M, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Moli-LOCK Study Investigators (2022)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usEuropean journal of nutrition15 citations Psychological distress resulting from the COVID-19 confinement is associated with unhealthy dietary changes in two Italian population-based cohorts.
Purpose: To examine the relationship between psychological distress resulting from the COVID-19 lockdown and dietary changes.
Methods: Cross-sectional analysis from 2 retrospective Italian cohorts recruited from May to September 2020: (1) The Moli-LOCK cohort consists of 1401 participants from the Moli-sani Study (n = 24,325) who were administered a telephone-based questionnaire to assess lifestyles and psychological factors during confinement; (2) the ALT RISCOVID-19 is a web-based survey of 1340 individuals distributed throughout Italy who self-responded to the same questionnaire using Google® forms. Psychological distress was measured by assessments of depression (PHQ-9 and depressive items from the Screening Questionnaire for Disaster Mental Health- SQD-D), anxiety (GAD-7), stress (PSS-4), and post-traumatic stress disorder (SQD-P). Diet quality was assessed either as changes in cons…
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Hershey MS, Sanchez-Villegas A, Sotos-Prieto M, Sotos-Prieto M, Fernandez-Montero A, Pano O, Lahortiga-Ramos F, Martínez-González MÁ, Martínez-González MÁ, Ruiz-Canela M (2022)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe Journal of nutrition19 citations The Mediterranean Lifestyle and the Risk of Depression in Middle-Aged Adults.
Background: Recent evidence has indicated a greater number of protective factors are associated with a greater decreased risk for depression and depressive symptoms compared with individual factors alone. Moreover, adherence to healthy modifiable lifestyle behaviors may lower the risk of depression regardless of underlying genetic risk.
Objectives: We longitudinally evaluated the association of the Mediterranean lifestyle (MEDLIFE) with the risk of depression.
Methods: We prospectively analyzed data from 15,279 participants (6089 men and 9190 women, mean age 37 y) in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra cohort. The MEDLIFE index is composed of 28 items on food consumption, dietary habits, physical activity, rest, social habits, and conviviality, each of which was assigned 0 or 1 point. Final scores ranged from 0 to 28 points and were categorized into quartiles of MEDLIFE adherence. Cox…
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Dietary diversity and mental health in preschoolers in rural China.
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of mental health problems among preschoolers in rural China and examine the relationship between dietary diversity and mental health.
Design: A cross-sectional survey analysis was performed. Child mental health was assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Child dietary diversity was assessed with the dietary diversity score (DDS), which was calculated based on nine food groups using a 24-h recall method. Data were analysed using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models.
Setting: Two nationally designated poverty counties in Hunan Province of China.
Participants: Preschoolers (n 1334) aged 3-5 years, preschools (n 26).
Results: Of 950 preschoolers with data on both dietary diversity and mental health, 663 (70 %) were classified as having at least one kind of mental health problem. The prevalences of emotional symp…
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Shi H, Ge X, Ma X, Zheng M, Cui X, Pan W, Zheng P, Yang X, Zhang P, Hu M, Hu T, Tang R, Zheng K, Huang XF, Yu Y (2021)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usMicrobiome210 citations A fiber-deprived diet causes cognitive impairment and hippocampal microglia-mediated synaptic loss through the gut microbiota and metabolites.
Background: Cognitive impairment, an increasing mental health issue, is a core feature of the aging brain and neurodegenerative diseases. Industrialized nations especially, have experienced a marked decrease in dietary fiber intake, but the potential mechanism linking low fiber intake and cognitive impairment is poorly understood. Emerging research reported that the diversity of gut microbiota in Western populations is significantly reduced. However, it is unknown whether a fiber-deficient diet (which alters gut microbiota) could impair cognition and brain functional elements through the gut-brain axis.
Results: In this study, a mouse model of long-term (15 weeks) dietary fiber deficiency (FD) was used to mimic a sustained low fiber intake in humans. We found that FD mice showed impaired cognition, including deficits in object location memory, temporal order memory, and the ability to pe…
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Oryono A, Iraguha B, Musabende A, Habimana E, Nshimyiryo A, Beck K, Habinshuti P, Wilson K, Itangishaka C, Kirk CM (2021)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usChild: care, health and development6 citations Father involvement in the care of children born small and sick in Rwanda: Association with children's nutrition and development.
Background: Little is known about father's involvement in the care of children born with perinatal risk factors. This study aimed to understand father's involvement in the care of children born preterm, low birth weight (LBW) and/or with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in rural Rwanda and assess child and home environment factors associated with father involvement.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of children born preterm, LBW or with HIE who were discharged from Kirehe District Hospital neonatal unit from May 2015 to April 2016 and those enrolled in a neonatal unit follow-up programme from May 2016 to November 2017. Interviews were conducted when the children were ages 24-47 months in the child's home. Primary caregivers reported on father involvement in parenting, home environment, child disability, and child development outcomes. Children's nutritional status were directly measu…
matched on Nutritional Status (mesh), nutrition (text)
Women's fasting habits and dietary diversity during Ramadan in rural Bangladesh.
Little is known about fasting practices and dietary changes during Ramadan in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Although pregnant women are exempt from fasting, they may still fast. This is of interest as dietary habits during pregnancy may affect the development of the unborn child. In a community-based sample of young women in rural Sylhet division, Bangladesh, we described fasting practices and beliefs (n = 852). We also examined reported food group consumption and minimally adequate dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) by Ramadan occurrence (n = 1,895) and by fasting adherence (n = 558) using logistic regression with Hindu women as a seasonal control. During Ramadan in 2018, 78% of pregnant Muslim women fasted every day. Over 80% of Muslim women believe that they should fast during pregnancy and over 50% expect positive health effects on the mother and the unborn child. We found…
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Spatial-temporal trends and risk factors for undernutrition and obesity among children (<5 years) in South Africa, 2008-2017: findings from a nationally representative longitudinal panel survey.
Objectives: To assess space-time trends in malnutrition and associated risk factors among children (<5 years) in South Africa.
Design: Multiround national panel survey using multistage random sampling.
Setting: National, community based.
Participants: Community-based sample of children and adults.
Sample size: 3254 children in wave 1 (2008) to 4710 children in wave 5 (2017).
Primary outcomes: Stunting, wasting/thinness and obesity among children (<5). Classification was based on anthropometric (height and weight) z-scores using WHO growth standards.
Results: Between 2008 and 2017, a larger decline nationally in stunting among children (<5) was observed from 11.0% to 7.6% (p=0.007), compared with thinness/wasting (5.2% to 3.8%, p=0.131) and obesity (14.5% to 12.9%, p=0.312). A geographic nutritional gradient was observed with obesity more pronounced in the east of the country and thinness…
matched on Nutritional Status (mesh), nutrition (text)
Prediction of Adverse Outcomes in Nursing Home Residents According to Intrinsic Capacity Proposed by the World Health Organization.
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the domains of intrinsic capacity (ie, cognition, locomotion, sensory, vitality, and psychosocial) proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the 3-year adverse health outcomes of nursing home residents.
Methods: A 3-year incidence of mortality, falls, repeated falls, and autonomy decline (ie, a one-unit increase in the Katz score) was assessed in a cohort of Belgian nursing home residents. Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). For locomotion, balance, gait speed and chair stand performance were evaluated by the Short Physical Performance Battery test. The sensory domain was measured using the Strawbridge questionnaire for audition and vision. For vitality, abdominal circumference, body mass index, nutritional status (by Mini Nutritional Assessment [MNA]) and handgrip strength were a…
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Flavonoid Intakes in the US Diet Are Linked to Higher Socioeconomic Status and to Tea Consumption: Analyses of NHANES 2011-16 Data.
Background: Many of the health benefits of tea have been attributed to its flavonoid content. Tea consumption in US adults varies by socioeconomic status (SES).
Objectives: The present objective was to explore intakes of total flavonoids and flavonoid subclasses by participant sociodemographics and by patterns of tea consumption.
Methods: The present analyses were based on 2 d of dietary recalls for 17,506 persons aged >9 y in the 2011-2016 NHANES. The What We Eat in America nutrient composition database was merged with the USDA Expanded Flavonoid database, which included total flavonoids and flavan-3-ols (including catechins), flavanones, flavonols, anthocyanidins, flavones, and isoflavones. Flavonoid intakes were compared by sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, and income-to-poverty ratio (IPR) in univariate analyses. Flavonoid intakes of children and adults were also compared by tea c…
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Factors Associated With Child Stunting, Wasting, and Underweight in 35 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
Importance: Evidence on the relative importance of various factors associated with child anthropometric failures (ie, stunting, underweight, and wasting) and their heterogeneity across countries can inform global and national health agendas.
Objective: To assess the relative significance of factors associated with child anthropometric failures in 35 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Design, setting, and participants: This cross-sectional study of 299 353 children who were born singleton and aged 12 to 59 months with nonpregnant mothers and valid anthropometric measures assessed the strengths of associations of 26 factors with child stunting, underweight, and wasting, using Demographic and Health Surveys (2007-2018) from 35 LMICs. Data analysis was conducted from July 2019 to February 2020.
Exposures: A total of 9 direct factors (ie, dietary diversity score; breastfeeding initiati…
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Cost effectiveness and cost-utility analysis of a group-based diet intervention for treating major depression - the HELFIMED trial.
Background/objectives: Major depression has a negative impact on quality of life, increasing the risk of premature death. It imposes social and economic costs on individuals, families and society. Mental illness is now the leading cause globally of disability/lost quality life and premature mortality. Finding cost-effective treatments for depression is a public health priority. We report an economic evaluation of a dietary intervention for treating major depression. Methods: This economic evaluation drew on the HELFIMED RCT, a 3-month group-based Mediterranean-style diet (MedDiet) intervention (including cooking workshops), against a social group-program for people with major depression. We conducted (i) a cost-utility analysis, utility scores measured at baseline, 3-months and 6-months using the AQoL8D, modelled to 2 years (base case); (ii) a cost-effectiveness analysis, differential co…
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Stunting, food security, markets and food policy in Rwanda.
Background: Over the past two decades, Rwanda has experienced impressive economic growth, resulting in considerable improvements in living standards and poverty reduction. Despite these gains, progress on reducing the level of stunting in smallholder rural children, particularly boys, continues to be a serious concern.
Methods: Policies, dietary diversity and socio-economic factors that may influence stunting in rural Rwandan children were evaluated using a logit model with clustered variance-covariance estimators based on village membership of the household.
Results: Stunting of rural children was found to be multidimensionally related to the child's gender, weight and age; the dietary diversity, marriage status and education level of the head of household; mother's height; presence of a family garden or if they owned livestock; environmental factors such as altitude and soil fertility …
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Mori H, Tokuda Y (2019)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usAsia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition38 citations Differences and overlap between sarcopenia and physical frailty in older community-dwelling Japanese.
Background and objectives: Sarcopenia and frailty result in loss of function and independence. Sarcopenia may be a risk factor for frailty; however, risk factors for sarcopenia with frailty, and associated incidence of falls and poor quality of life remain unclear. We investigated the clinical characteristics and relevant factors for sarcopenia with frailty in older community-dwelling Japanese.
Methods and study design: This cross-sectional study included 331 Japanese community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years. We assessed falls history in the past year, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), including physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS), age, total energy intake per ideal body weight (TEI/kg IBW), total protein intake/kg IBW, vitamin D intake, and exercise habits. Sarcopenia was determined using low hand grip strength or slow gait speed and low skeletal mu…
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Socio-economic patterning of food consumption and dietary diversity among Indian children: evidence from NFHS-4.
Background/objectives: Most interventions to foster child growth and development in India focus on improving food quality and quantity. We aimed to assess the pattern in food consumption and dietary diversity by socioeconomic status (SES) among Indian children.
Subjects/methods: The most recent nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015-16) was used for analysis of 73,852-74,038 children aged 6-23 months. Consumption of 21 food items, seven food groups, and adequately diversified dietary intake (ADDI) was collected through mother's 24-h dietary recall. Logistic regression models were conducted to assess the association between household wealth and maternal education with food consumption and ADDI, after controlling for covariates.
Results: Overall, the mean dietary diversity score was low (2.26; 95% CI:2.24-2.27) and the prevalenc…
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Impact of child marriage on nutritional status and anaemia of children under 5 years of age: empirical evidence from India.
Objective: Despite several international commitments and national policies to eliminate the practice of girl child marriage, it remains pervasive in India. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between child marriage and nutritional status and anaemia in children aged below 5 years.
Study design and methods: We have used the data from the latest round of the Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS), conducted in 2015-2016. For this study, the sample was limited to 80,539 living children aged below 5 years born to 60,003 ever-married women aged 15-24 years. We have considered children's stunting, wasting, underweight and anaemia as outcomes variables and child marriage (married below 18 years) as the exposure of variables of interest. Pearson's Chi-squared test and binary logistic regressions were applied to assess the associations.
Results: About 58% of sample women were …
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Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among children under five years of age attending at Guguftu health center, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia.
Background: Anemia during childhood adversely affects mental, physical and social development of the children. This study is aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among children less than five years of age in Guguftu, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia.
Method: A cross-sectional health facility based study was conducted among 404 children aged 6 to 59 months. Systematic random sampling technique was used to include the participants. Pretested and structured questionnaires were used to collect socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the family and child. Data on nutritional status, capillary blood and stool samples were collected from each child. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.
Result: The overall prevalence of anemia was 41.1% (95% CI;36.6% - 45.8%). Of the anem…
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Moore K, Hughes CF, Hoey L, Ward M, Cunningham C, Molloy AM, Strain JJ, McCarroll K, Casey MC, Tracey F, Laird E, O'Kane M, McNulty H (2019)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of the American Medical Directors Association45 citations B-vitamins in Relation to Depression in Older Adults Over 60 Years of Age: The Trinity Ulster Department of Agriculture (TUDA) Cohort Study.
Objectives: Mental health disorders are major contributors to disease burden in older people. Deficient status of folate and the metabolically related B vitamins may be implicated in these conditions. This study aimed to investigate folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and riboflavin in relation to depression and anxiety in aging and also considered the role of fortified foods as a means of optimizing B-vitamin status and potentially reducing the risk of these mental health disorders.
Design: The Trinity Ulster Department of Agriculture (TUDA) aging study was a cross-sectional cohort study.
Setting and participants: Community-dwelling adults (n = 5186; ≥60 years) recruited from 2 jurisdictions within the island of Ireland from 2008 to 2012.
Measures: Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (H…
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Lower Depression Scores among Walnut Consumers in NHANES.
Background: Multiple studies have shown a Mediterranean diet, characterized by their olive oil and nut consumption, to be correlated with lower depression risk.
Objective: To examine whether part of this reduced risk in the United States is attributable to walnut consumption, we analyzed data on walnut consumption and depression scores from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Methods: NHANES survey data for 2005 through 2014 was pooled for adults with 24 h recall dietary data. Depression scores were based on PHQ-9 self-report responses. A total of 26,656 participants were characterized as reporting the consumption of walnuts with high certainty, walnuts with other nuts, other nuts, or no nuts.
Results: After an adjustment for covariates, walnut consumers showed lower depression scores compared to non-nut consumers. The least square mean for total depression sco…
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Precision nutrition: hype or hope for public health interventions to reduce obesity?
High-income countries are experiencing an obesity epidemic that follows a socioeconomic gradient, affecting groups of lower socioeconomic status disproportionately. Recent clinical findings have suggested new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of obesity, using personalized dietary approaches. Precision nutrition (PN), also called personalized nutrition, has been developed to deliver more preventive and practical dietary advice than 'one-size-fits-all' guidelines. With interventions becoming increasingly plausible at a large scale thanks to artificial intelligence and smartphone applications, some have begun to view PN as a novel way to deliver the right dietary intervention to the right population. We argue that large-scale PN, if taken alone, might be of limited interest from a public health perspective. Building on Geoffrey Rose's theory regarding the differences in individ…
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Trends in overweight and obesity by socioeconomic status in Year 6 school children, Australian Capital Territory, 2006-2018.
Background: Due to the high prevalence and adverse consequences, overweight and obesity in children continues to be a major public health concern worldwide. Socioeconomic background and health-related behaviours (such as diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviors) are important factors associated with weight status in children. Using a series of height and weight assessments from the Australian Capital Territory Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (ACTPANS), trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity by socioeconomic status were examined in ACT Year 6 school children between 2006 and 2018.
Methods: The ACTPANS has been conducted every 3 years since 2006. A total of 6729 children were surveyed. Complete data on height and weight were available for 6384 (94.9%) participants. Trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity and associations between weight status and risk facto…
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Depression in middle and older adulthood: the role of immigration, nutrition, and other determinants of health in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging.
Background: Little is known about depression in middle-aged and older Canadians and how it is affected by health determinants, particularly immigrant status. This study examined depression and socio-economic, health, immigration and nutrition-related factors in older adults.
Methods: Using weighted comprehensive cohort data from the baseline Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 27,162) of adults aged 45-85, gender-specific binary logistic regression was conducted with the cross-sectional data using the following variables: 1) Depression (outcome) measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression (CESD-10) rating scale; 2) Immigration status: native-born, recent and mid-term (< 20 years), and long-term immigrants (≥20 years); and 3) covariates: socioeconomic status, physical health (e.g., multi-morbidity), health behavior (e.g., substance use), over-nutrition (e.g.…
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