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Parenting and discipline التربية

Raising children, warmth and limits.

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Qurʾān

القرآن6 shown

Verses named for this subject by hand come first. The rest are found by the subject’s own Arabic and English senses and are shown as lexical matches, not as anchors anyone has confirmed.

Qur'ān 2:266Arabic sense: ذريه

أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُكُمۡ أَن تَكُونَ لَهُۥ جَنَّةࣱ مِّن نَّخِيلࣲ وَأَعۡنَابࣲ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ لَهُۥ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ وَأَصَابَهُ ٱلۡكِبَرُ وَلَهُۥ ذُرِّيَّةࣱ ضُعَفَآءُ فَأَصَابَهَآ إِعۡصَارࣱ فِيهِ نَارࣱ فَٱحۡتَرَقَتۡۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ

Would any of you like to have a garden of palm trees and vines, graced with flowing streams and all kinds of produce, which, when you are afflicted with old age and feeble offspring, is struck by a fiery whirlwind and burnt down? In this way God makes His messages clear to you, so that you may reflect on them

Qur'ān 3:34Arabic sense: ذريه

ذُرِّيَّةَۢ بَعۡضُهَا مِنۢ بَعۡضࣲۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ

in one line of descent- God hears and knows all

Qur'ān 3:38Arabic sense: ذريه

هُنَالِكَ دَعَا زَكَرِيَّا رَبَّهُۥۖ قَالَ رَبِّ هَبۡ لِي مِن لَّدُنكَ ذُرِّيَّةࣰ طَيِّبَةًۖ إِنَّكَ سَمِيعُ ٱلدُّعَآءِ

There and then Zachariah prayed to his Lord, saying, ‘Lord, from Your grace grant me virtuous offspring: You hear every prayer.’

Qur'ān 4:9Arabic sense: ذريه

وَلۡيَخۡشَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَوۡ تَرَكُواْ مِنۡ خَلۡفِهِمۡ ذُرِّيَّةࣰ ضِعَٰفًا خَافُواْ عَلَيۡهِمۡ فَلۡيَتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَلۡيَقُولُواْ قَوۡلࣰ ا سَدِيدًا

Let those who would fear for the future of their own helpless children, if they were to die, show the same concern [for orphans]; let them be mindful of God and speak out for justice

Qur'ān 6:133Arabic sense: ذريه

وَرَبُّكَ ٱلۡغَنِيُّ ذُو ٱلرَّحۡمَةِۚ إِن يَشَأۡ يُذۡهِبۡكُمۡ وَيَسۡتَخۡلِفۡ مِنۢ بَعۡدِكُم مَّا يَشَآءُ كَمَآ أَنشَأَكُم مِّن ذُرِّيَّةِ قَوۡمٍ ءَاخَرِينَ

Your Lord is self-sufficient and full of mercy. If He pleased, He could remove you and put others in your place, just as He produced you from the offspring of other people

Qur'ān 7:173Arabic sense: ذريه

أَوۡ تَقُولُوٓاْ إِنَّمَآ أَشۡرَكَ ءَابَآؤُنَا مِن قَبۡلُ وَكُنَّا ذُرِّيَّةࣰ مِّنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡۖ أَفَتُهۡلِكُنَا بِمَا فَعَلَ ٱلۡمُبۡطِلُونَ

or, ‘It was our forefathers who, before us, ascribed partners to God, and we are only the descendants who came after them: will you destroy us because of falsehoods they invented?’

Tafsīr

التفسير6 shown

Commentary on the verses above, at most two editions per verse.

en-al-jalalayn on 2:266en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

Would any of you wish to have a garden an orchard of date-palms and vines with rivers flowing beneath it for him there is in it all manner of fruit then old age smites him and makes him too weak to profit from it and he has seed but they are weak young children who cannot manage it; then a whirlwind i‘sār are violent winds with fire smites it and it is consumed? so that he loses what he is most in need of and now he and his children have become incapacitated confused without any resources. This is a similitude of how the expenditure of the one expending for show or the one who reproaches after having expended vanishes and how it is of no avail when he will be most in need of it in the Hereafter the interrogative a-yawaddu ‘would any wish’ is intended as a denial. According to Ibn ‘Abbās this is the person who performs deeds of obedience but when Satan comes to him he begins to work disob

en-al-jalalayn on 3:34en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

the seed of one offspring from another of them; God is Hearer Knower.

en-al-jalalayn on 3:38en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

Then when Zachariah had seen this and realised that the One with power to bring something about in other than its natural time is able to bring about a child in old age and with those of his family line all deceased Zachariah prayed to his Lord when he entered the sanctuary to pray in the middle of the night saying ‘Lord bestow upon me from You a goodly offspring a righteous son verily You are the Hearer of You are the One Who answers supplication’.

en-tafisr-ibn-kathir on 2:266en-tafisr-ibn-kathircommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

Would any of you wish to have a garden with date palms and vines, with rivers flowing underneath, and all kinds of fruits for him therein, while he is striken with old age, and his children are weak (not able to look after themselves), then it is struck with a fiery whirlwind, so that it is burnt? Thus does Allah make clear His Ayat to you that you may give thought (266) The Example of Evil Deeds Nullifying Good Deeds Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn 'Abbas and 'Ubayd bin 'Umayr said that 'Umar bin Al-Khattab asked the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, "According to your opinion, about whom was this Ayah revealed, أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَن تَكُونَ لَهُ جَنَّةٌ مِّن نَّخِيلٍ وَأَعْنَابٍ (Would any of you wish to have a garden with date palms and vines…?)." They said, "Allah knows best." 'Umar became angry and said, "Say we know or we do not know." Ibn 'Abbas said, "O Leader of the Fai

en-tafisr-ibn-kathir on 3:34en-tafisr-ibn-kathircommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

Allah chose Adam, Nuh (Noah), the family of Ibrahim and the family of 'Imran above the nations (33)Offspring, one of the other, and Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower (34) The Chosen Ones Among the People of the Earth Allah states that He has chosen these households over the people of the earth. For instance, Allah chose Adam, created him with His Hand and blew life into him. Allah commanded the angels to prostrate before Adam, taught him the names of everything and allowed him to dwell in Paradise, but then sent him down from it out of His wisdom. Allah chose Nuh and made him the first Messenger to the people of the earth, when the people worshipped idols and associated others with Allah in worship. Allah avenged the way Nuh was treated, for he kept calling his people day and night, in public and in secret, for a very long time. However, his calling them only made them shun him more, and

en-tafisr-ibn-kathir on 3:38en-tafisr-ibn-kathircommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced

At that time Zakariyya invoked his Lord, saying: "O my Lord! Grant me from You, a good offspring. You are indeed the All-Hearer of invocation. (38)Then the angels called him, while he was standing in prayer in the Mihrab, (saying): "Allah gives you glad tidings of Yahya, believing in the Word from Allah, and Sayyidan, and Hasuran, a Prophet, from among the righteous. (39)He said: "O my Lord! How can I have a son when I am very old, and my wife is barren?" (Allah) said: "Thus Allah does what He wills. (40)He said: "O my Lord! Make a sign for me." (Allah) said: "Your sign is that you shall not speak to the people for three days except by signals. And remember your Lord much, and glorify (Him) in the afternoon and in the morning. (41) The Supplication of Zakariyya, and the Good News of Yahya's Birth When Zakariyya saw that Allah provided sustenance for Maryam by giving her the fruits of w

Ḥadīth

الحديث6 shown

Sound narrations only, and never matched by text. A narration appears here because a compiler filed it under a chapter this subject maps to, or because someone read it and anchored it. Each row says which.

Sahih al-Bukhari 5467Sacrifice On Occasion Of Birthfiled here by the compiler

حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي بُرَيْدٌ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ وُلِدَ لِي غُلاَمٌ، فَأَتَيْتُ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَسَمَّاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَحَنَّكَهُ بِتَمْرَةٍ، وَدَعَا لَهُ بِالْبَرَكَةِ وَدَفَعَهُ إِلَىَّ، وَكَانَ أَكْبَرَ وَلَدِ أَبِي مُوسَى‏.‏

Narrated Abu Musa:A son was born to me and I took him to the Prophet (ﷺ) who named him Ibrahim, did Tahnik for him with a date, invoked Allah to bless him and returned him to me. (The narrator added: That was Abu Musa's eldest son)

Sahih al-Bukhari 5468Sacrifice On Occasion Of Birthfiled here by the compiler

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ قَالَتْ أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِصَبِيٍّ يُحَنِّكُهُ، فَبَالَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَتْبَعَهُ الْمَاءَ‏.‏

Narrated `Aisha:A boy was brought to the Prophet (ﷺ) to do Tahnik for him, but the boy urinated on him, whereupon the Prophet had water poured on the place of urine

Sunan an-Nasa'i 4212Al-'Aqiqahfiled here by the compiler

أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنِ الْعَقِيقَةِ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ لاَ يُحِبُّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْعُقُوقَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ وَكَأَنَّهُ كَرِهَ الاِسْمَ قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِنَّمَا نَسْأَلُكَ أَحَدُنَا يُولَدُ لَهُ ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَنْسُكَ عَنْ وَلَدِهِ فَلْيَنْسُكْ عَنْهُ عَنِ الْغُلاَمِ شَاتَانِ مُكَافَأَتَانِ وَعَنِ الْجَارِيَةِ شَاةٌ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ دَاوُدُ سَأَلْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَسْلَمَ عَنِ الْمُكَافَأَتَانِ قَالَ الشَّاتَانِ الْمُشَبَّهَتَانِ تُذْبَحَانِ جَمِيعًا ‏.‏

It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shuaib, from his fahther, that his grandfather said:"The messenger of Allah was asked about the 'Aqiqah and he said: "Allah, the mighty and sublime, does not like Al-Uquq' as if he disliked the word (Al-Aqiqah). He said to the Messenger of Allah: 'But one of us may offer a sacrifice when a child is born to him.' He said: 'Whoever wants to offer a sacrifice for his child, let him do so, for a boy; two sheep, Mukafaatan, (of equal age), and for a girl, one.' (One of the narrators) Dawud said: 'I asked Ziad bin Aslam about the word Mukafaatan and he said: 'Two similar sheep that are slaughtered together

Sunan an-Nasa'i 4213Al-'Aqiqahfiled here by the compiler

أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حُرَيْثٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَقَّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ ‏.‏

It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin Buraidah, from his father, that:the Messenger of Allah offered the 'Aqiqah for Al-Hasan and Al-Husain

Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1146The Book On Sucklingfiled here by the compiler

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ مَا حَرَّمَ مِنَ النَّسَبِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ‏.‏

Ali (bin Abi Talib) narrated that The Messenger of Allah said:“Indeed Allah has made unlawful through suckling whatever He made unlawful through lineage.”

Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1147The Book On Sucklingfiled here by the compiler

حَدَّثَنَا بُنْدَارٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُوسَى الأَنْصَارِيُّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مَعْنٌ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ مَا حَرَّمَ مِنَ الْوِلاَدَةِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ‏.‏ وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَغَيْرِهِمْ لاَ نَعْلَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ اخْتِلاَفًا ‏.‏

Aishah narrated that the Messenger of Allah said:“Indeed Allah has made unlawful through suckling whatever He made unlawful through birth.”

Classical works

كتب التراث6 shown

Arabic originals, reached through the subject’s Arabic senses. Interpretive sources, never proof of a ruling.

mukhtasar-minhaj §2546mukhtasar-minhajArabic sense: الاولاد, اولاد, تاديب

والبلاء تأديب من الله تعالى، ولطفه بعباده أتم وأوفى من عناية الآباء بالأولاد ..

ihya §3863ihyaArabic sense: التربية, تاديب, تربيه

السابعة أن تكون نسيبة أعني أن تكون من أهل بيت الدين والصلاح فإنها ستربي بناتها وبنيها فإذا لم تكن مؤدبة لم تحسن التأديب والتربية ولذلك قال صلى الله عليه وسلم إياكم وخضراء الدمن فقيل ما خضراء الدمن قال المرأة الحسناء في المنبت السوء + حديث إياكم وخضراء الدمن فقيل وما خضراء الدمن قال المرأة الحسناء في المنبت السوء رواه الدارقطني في الأفراد والرامهرمزي في الأمثال من حديث أبي سعيد الخدري قال الدارقطني تفرد به الواقدي وهو ضعيف +

ihya §8969ihyaArabic sense: التربية, تاديب, تربيه

فنقول لو كانت الأخلاق لا تقبل التغيير لبطلت الوصايا والمواعظ والتأديبات ولما قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حسنوا أخلاقكم + حديث حسنوا أخلاقكم أخرجه أبو بكر ابن لال في مكارم الأخلاق من حديث معاذ يا معاذ حسن خلقك للناس منقطع ورجاله ثقات + وكيف ينكر هذا في حق الآدمي وتغيير خلق البهيمة ممكن إذ ينقل البازي من الاستيحاش إلى الأنس والكلب من شره الأكل إلى التأدب والإمساك والتخلية والفرس من الجماح إلى السلاسة والانقياد وكل ذلك تغيير للأخلاق والقول الكاشف للغطاء عن ذلك أن نقول الموجودات منقسمة إلى ما لا مدخل للآدمي واختياره في أصله وتفصيله كالسماء والكواكب بل أعضاء البدن داخلا وخارجا وسائر أجزاء الحيوانات وبالجملة كل ما هو حاصل كامل وقع الفراغ من وجوده وكماله وإلى ما وجد وجودا ناقصا وجعل فيه قوة لقبول الكمال بعد أن وجد شرطه وشرطه قد يرتبط باختيار العبد فأن النواة ليست بتفاح ولا نخل إلا أنها خلقت خلقة يمكن أن تصير نخلة إذا انضاف التربية إليها ولا تصير تفاحا أصلا ولا بالتربية فإذا صارت النواة متأ

mizan-amal §47mizan-amalArabic sense: التربية, تاديب, تربيه

بغير تعب طويل ، حتى كأنه يصدر منه ، وهو في غفلته كالصانع الحاذق في الخياطة والكتابة . وغاية الرذالة أن ترشح منه الرذائل بغير تكلف ولا فكر ولا روية . واعلم أن هذه الفضائل المحصورة في فن نظري ، وفي فن عملي ، يحصل كل واحد منها على وجهين : أحدهما بتعلم بشري وتكلف اختياري ، يحتاج فيه إلى زمان وتدرب وممارسة ، وتقوي الفضيلة في شيئا فشيئا خفي التدريج ، كتدريج الشخص في النمو ، وإن كان في الناس من يكفيه أدنى ممارسة ، وذلك بحسب الذكاء والبلادة . والثاني يحصل بجود إلهي ، نحو أن يولد الإنسان ، فيصير بغير معلم عالما ، كعيسى بن مريم ويحيى بن زكريا ، وكذا سائر الأنبياء الذين حصل لهم من الاحاطة بحقائق الأمور ، ما لم يحصل لطلاب العلم بالتعلم . وقيل : إن ذلك قد يحصل أيضا لغير الأنبياء ، وهم الذين يعبر عنهم بالأولياء . وهذا الآن رزق لا يمكن اكتسابه بالجهد ، فمن حرم ذلك ، فليجتهد أن يكون من الفريق الثاني ، وليعلم نزول رتبته عن رتبة أولئك ، ' فليس التكحل في العينين كالكحل ' . ولا ينبغي أن تستبعد أن يكون بالطب

jami-ulum §135jami-ulumArabic sense: التربية, تاديب, تربيه

جحيفة قال جاء رجل إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يشكو جاره فقال له اطرح متاعك في الطريق قال فجعل الناس يمرون به فيلعنونه فجاء إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال يا رسول الله ما لقيت من الناس قال وما لقيت قال يلعنوني قال فقد لعنك الله قبل الناس قال يا رسول الله فإني لا أعود وخرجه أبو داود بمعناه من حديث أبي هريرة ولم يذكر فيه فقد لعنك الله قبل الناس وخرج الخرائطي من حديث أم سلمة قالت دخلت شاة لجارة لنا فأخذت قرصة لنا فقمت إليها فأخذتها من بين لحييها فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إنه لا قليل من أذى الجار فأما إكرام الجار والإحسان إليه فمأمور به وقد قال الله تعالى واعبدوا الله ولا تشركوا به شيئا وبالوالدين إحسانا وبذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين والجار ذي القربى والجار الجنب والصاحب بالجنب وابن السبيل وما ملكت أيمانكم إن الله لا يحب من كان مختالا فخورا النساء فجمع الله تعالى في هذه الآية بين ذكر حقه على العبد وحقوق العباد على العباد أيضا وجعل العباد الذين أمر بالإحسان إليهم خمسة أنواع أحدها

mukhtasar-minhaj §586mukhtasar-minhajArabic sense: الاولاد, اولاد, تربيه

ومن فوائده أيضا: مجاهدة النفس ورياضتها بالرعاية والولاية، والقيام بحقوق الأهل، والصبر على أخلاقهن، واحتمال الأذى منهن، والسعى فى إصلاحهن وإرشادهن إلى طريق الدين، والاجتهاد فى كسب الحلال لأجلهن، والقيام بتربية الأولاد، وكل هذه أعمال عظيمة الفضل، فإنها رعاية وولاية، وفضل الرعاية عظيم، وإنما يحترز منها من يخاف القصور عن القيام بحقها، ومقاساة الأهل والولد بمنزلة الجهاد فى سبيل الله عز وجل.

Research library

المكتبة البحثية1,820 works held

Peer-reviewed work held with its DOI and abstract, labelled with the study design its publication types report. None of it has been read or assessed, so nothing here may be cited as showing anything. Retracted work is held for the record but never listed; a review that a later version replaced is listed under its replacement and marked.

10.1007/s10802-009-9310-8Journal of abnormal child psychology (2009)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Child Rearing, Parenting, parenting style, Authoritarianism

The relationship between parenting and delinquency: a meta-analysis.: This meta-analysis of 161 published and unpublished manuscripts was conducted to determine whether the association between parenting and delinquency exists and what the magnitude of this linkage is. The strongest links were found for parental monitoring, psychological control, and negative aspects of support such as rejection and hostility, accounting for up to 11% of the variance in delinquency. Several effect sizes were moderated by parent and child gender, child age, informant on parenting, a

10.1007/s10567-023-00457-0Clinical child and family psychology review (2024)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Child Rearing, Parenting, Parents

Universal Digital Programs for Promoting Mental and Relational Health for Parents of Young Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.: Digital parenting programs aim to increase program access, improve psychosocial outcomes for parents and children, and support triage to targeted interventions where required. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of online parenting programs in improving parenting skills and capabilities, and by consequence, the mental health and well-being of parents and children, and the quality of the parent-child relationship. Studies were included if they were: (1) online, (2) self-delivered, (3) design

10.1016/j.beth.2015.05.008Behavior therapy (2015)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Child Rearing, Parenting, Parents

Enhancing Father Engagement and Interparental Teamwork in an Evidence-Based Parenting Intervention: A Randomized-Controlled Trial of Outcomes and Processes.: This study examined the outcomes and process in a positive parenting program adapted to enhance father engagement and teamwork. A randomized control trial of the Group Triple P Program with additional father-relevant content was conducted with 42 families of children with conduct problems aged between 3 to 8years. Families were allocated to either the intervention or waitlist condition. Assessments of child behavior, self- and partner-reported parenting, and the interparental relationship were c

10.1037/a0015823Journal of personality and social psychology (2009)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Child Rearing, Parenting, Parents

The relations between parents' Big Five personality factors and parenting: a meta-analytic review.: To investigate the association between Big Five personality factors and three dimensions of parenting-warmth, behavioral control, and autonomy support-the authors conducted meta-analyses using 5,853 parent-child dyads that were included in 30 studies. Effect sizes were significant and robust across mother and father reports and across assessment methods of parenting (self-report versus observations) but were generally small in magnitude. Higher levels of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiou

10.1177/1359104511426406Clinical child psychology and psychiatry (2012)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Child Rearing, Parenting, Parents

The Incredible Years parenting program in Ireland: a qualitative analysis of the experience of disadvantaged parents.: Controlled trials demonstrate that parenting programs work, but less is known about the processes of change, contextual factors or intervention characteristics that influence trial outcomes. This qualitative study assessed the experiences of Irish parents involved in a randomized controlled trial of the Incredible Years BASIC parenting program, with a view to understanding how and why the program works, or does not work, within disadvantaged settings. Data from 33 parents of young children (aged

10.3390/ijerph20105854International journal of environmental research and public health (2023)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by us; matched on Child Rearing, Parenting, parenting style

Problematic Media Use among Children up to the Age of 10: A Systematic Literature Review.: Introduction: Digital screen media use has significantly grown in all age groups and at an increasingly young age, including toddlers, schoolers, and primary school children. Although there is evidence that excessive early childhood media exposure can lead to several negative developmental outcomes, no systematic review on Problematic Media Use (PMU) of children under 10 years old have been provided. The aim of the present systematic review was to identify (i) the main instruments used to measur

Research library, full list

751 to 775 of 1,820
Lucksted A, McFarlane W, Downing D, Dixon L (2012)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of marital and family therapy131 citations

Recent developments in family psychoeducation as an evidence-based practice.

Among potential resources for people with serious mental illnesses (SMI) and their families, professionally delivered family psychoeducation (FPE) is designed to engage, inform, and educate family members, so that they can assist the person with SMI in managing their illness. In this article, we review research regarding FPE outcomes and implementation since 2001, updating the previous review in this journal (McFarlane, Dixon, Lukens, & Lucksted, Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 2003; 29, 223). Research on a range of FPE variations continues to return mostly positive effects for adults with schizophrenia and increasingly, bipolar disorder. More recent studies include functional outcomes as well as the more common relapse and hospitalization. FPE research involving adults with other diagnoses is increasing, as is FPE research outside the United States In both cases, uneven methodolog

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Moore T, Parrish H, Black BP (2011)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing18 citations

Interconception care for couples after perinatal loss: a comprehensive review of the literature.

Perinatal loss can be emotionally devastating for couples who experience miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death. Nurses in a variety of settings can assist couples through their grief by providing emotional support, giving information about the grief process, and in planning for a future pregnancy or deciding to forego future childbearing. This article explicates the relationship between grief and perinatal loss and its effects on couples, specifically in the interconception period, when the initial grief and distress have begun to subside. Interconception care focuses on bridging the couple from the end of the postpartum period to the subsequent pregnancy or decision not to conceive again. Nurses assist couples in distinguishing between uncomplicated grief, complicated grief, and depression, and make appropriate referrals. Openness to expressions of grief, helping couples mobilize support

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Golley RK, Hendrie GA, Slater A, Corsini N (2011)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity205 citations

Interventions that involve parents to improve children's weight-related nutrition intake and activity patterns - what nutrition and activity targets and behaviour change techniques are associated with intervention effectiveness?

Parent involvement is an important component of obesity prevention interventions. However, the best way to support parents remains unclear. This review identifies interventions targeting parents to improve children's weight status, dietary and/or activity patterns, examines whether intervention content and behaviour change techniques employed are associated with effectiveness. Seventeen studies, in English, 1998-2008, were included. Studies were evaluated by two reviewers for study quality, nutrition/activity content and behaviour change techniques using a validated quality assessment tool and behaviour change technique taxonomy. Study findings favoured intervention effectiveness in 11 of 17 studies. Interventions that were considered effective had similar features: better study quality, parents responsible for participation and implementation, greater parental involvement and inclusion

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Lieberman AF, Chu A, Van Horn P, Harris WW (2011)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usDevelopment and psychopathology65 citations

Trauma in early childhood: empirical evidence and clinical implications.

Children in the birth to 5 age range are disproportionately exposed to traumatic events relative to older children, but they are underrepresented in the trauma research literature as well as in the development and implementation of effective clinical treatments and in public policy initiatives to protect maltreated children. Children from ethnic minority groups and those living in poverty are particularly affected. This paper discusses the urgent need to address the needs of traumatized young children and their families through systematic research, clinical, and public policy initiatives, with specific attention to underserved groups. The paper reviews research findings on early childhood maltreatment and trauma, including the role of parental functioning, the intergenerational transmission of trauma and psychopathology, and protective contextual factors in young children's response to t

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da Silva FM, Jacob E, Nascimento LC (2010)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing54 citations

Impact of childhood cancer on parents' relationships: an integrative review.

Purpose: The diagnosis of cancer and the treatment decisions associated with it may cause uncertainty, stress, and anxiety among parents. Emotional tensions can affect parents' relationships during the trajectory of the child's cancer illness. We conducted an integrative review to examine the evidence related to the effects of childhood cancer on parents' relationships. Methods: An integrative literature search of studies published between 1997 and 2009 was conducted in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Psychology Information (PsycINFO), PubMed, Scopus, CUIDEN, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature (LILACS). The key words used were neoplasms, child, marriage, spouses, family relations, and nursing. Articles were reviewed if the (a) topic addressed parents' relationships during childhood cancer; (b) participants were mothers, fathe

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Hoagwood KE, Cavaleri MA, Serene Olin S, Burns BJ, Slaton E, Gruttadaro D, Hughes R (2010)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usClinical child and family psychology review138 citations

Family support in children's mental health: a review and synthesis.

A comprehensive review of structured family support programs in children's mental health was conducted in collaboration with leadership from key national family organizations. The goals were to identify typologies of family support services for which evaluation data existed and identify research gaps. Over 200 programs were examined; 50 met criteria for inclusion. Programs were categorized by whether they were delivered by peer family members, clinicians, or teams. Five salient components of family support were identified: (a) informational, (b) instructional, (c) emotional, (d) instrumental, and (e) advocacy. Clinician-led programs were heavily represented (n = 33, 66%), followed by family-led (n = 11, 22%), and team-delivered (n = 6, 12%) programs. Key differences between programs delivered by clinicians or by peer family members were found in the degree of emphasis, research methodolo

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Hendrickson KC (2009)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPalliative & supportive care73 citations

Morbidity, mortality, and parental grief: a review of the literature on the relationship between the death of a child and the subsequent health of parents.

Objective: This review was undertaken to analyze the research to date and identify areas for future research regarding the associations between parental grief after the death of a child and the subsequent health of the parents, including both their mortality and morbidity risks. Methods: Relevant literature was identified through a search of OVID-Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO using variations of the terms "parental grief and bereaved parents" combined with "health," "illness," "morbidity," and "mortality." Additionally, bibliographies of selected articles were reviewed to identify additional sources. The final sample includes 17 articles. Results: The literature search revealed a paucity of publications on the topic. However, it also showed that the studies that have been done examining the relationship between parental grief and health outcomes have produced conflicting results in almos

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Pachter LM, Coll CG (2009)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP185 citations

Racism and child health: a review of the literature and future directions.

Objective: Racism is a mechanism through which racial/ethnic disparities occur in child health. To assess the present state of research into the effects of racism on child health, a review of the literature was undertaken. Methods: A MEDLINE review of the literature was conducted between October and November 2007. Studies reporting on empirical research relating to racism or racial discrimination as a predictor or contributor to a child health outcome were included in this review. The definition of "child health" was broad and included behavioral, mental, and physical health. Results: Forty articles describing empirical research on racism and child health were found. Most studies (65%) reported on research performed on behavioral and mental health outcomes. Other areas studied included birth outcomes, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and satisfaction with care. Most research has be

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Gunnar MR, Quevedo KM (2008)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usProgress in brain research155 citations

Early care experiences and HPA axis regulation in children: a mechanism for later trauma vulnerability.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with functional abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Emerging evidence suggests that failures in social regulation of the HPA axis in young children manifested as neglectful or abusive care may play a role in shaping cortico-limbic circuits involved in processing experiences threatening experiences encountered later in life. Low cortisol levels, particularly near the peak of the diurnal rhythm, have been reported in abused, neglected and deprived children. Thus early imprinting effects of parenting quality on the HPA system regulation may be one of the mechanisms causing heightened risk of PTSD in responses to later trauma. However there is also evidence that the altered patterns of cortisol production seen in the context of early adverse care are not permanent, and remit once the care children receive

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Yehuda R, Bierer LM (2008)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usProgress in brain research146 citations

Transgenerational transmission of cortisol and PTSD risk.

Parental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) appears to be a relevant risk factor for the development of PTSD, as evidenced by a greater prevalence of PTSD, but not trauma exposure, in adult offspring of Holocaust survivors with PTSD, compared to children of Holocaust-exposed parents without PTSD. This paper summarizes recent neuroendocrine studies in offspring of parents with PTSD. Offspring of trauma survivors with PTSD show significantly lower 24-h mean urinary cortisol excretion and salivary cortisol levels as well as enhanced plasma cortisol suppression in response to low dose dexamethasone administration than offspring of survivors without PTSD. In all cases, neuroendocrine measures were negatively correlated with severity of parental PTSD symptoms, even after controlling for PTSD and even other symptoms in offspring. Though the majority of our work has focused on adult offspring

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Rickwood DJ, Deane FP, Wilson CJ (2007)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe Medical journal of Australia551 citations

When and how do young people seek professional help for mental health problems?

Despite the high prevalence of mental health problems and disorders that develop in adolescence and early adulthood, young people tend to not seek professional help. Young men and young people from Indigenous and ethnic minority groups tend to be those most reluctant to seek help. Young people are more inclined to seek help for mental health problems if they: have some knowledge about mental health issues and sources of help; feel emotionally competent to express their feelings; and have established and trusted relationships with potential help providers. Young people are less likely to seek help if they: are experiencing suicidal thoughts and depressive symptoms; hold negative attitudes toward seeking help or have had negative past experiences with sources of help; or hold beliefs that they should be able to sort out their own mental health problems on their own. Young people may seek h

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Wu L, Gao X (2018)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usBMC oral health52 citations

Children's dental fear and anxiety: exploring family related factors.

Background: Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is a major issue affecting children's oral health and clinical management. This study investigates the association between children's DFA and family related factors, including parents' DFA, parenting styles, family structure (nuclear or single-parent family), and presence of siblings. Methods: A total of 405 children (9-13 years old) and their parents were recruited from 3 elementary schools in Hong Kong. Child's demographic and family-related information was collected through a questionnaire. Parents' and child's DFA were measured by using the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and Children Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), respectively. Parenting styles were gauged by using the Parent Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). Results: DFA was reported by 33.1% of children. The mean (SD) CFSS-DS score was 29.1 (11.0). Children with siblings te

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Coyne LW, Gould ER, Grimaldi M, Wilson KG, Baffuto G, Biglan A (2021)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usBehavior analysis in practice121 citations

First Things First: Parent Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion During COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about significant stress and anxiety for many parents around the world. Psychological flexibility and self-care are fundamental aspects of psychological health. For parents, shaping these processes may help promote family nurturance, support children's prosocial behavior, and provide effective and consistent use of evidence-based parenting "kernels." The goal of this article is to provide practitioners with evidence-based tools that will support psychological flexibility, self-care, and positive parenting behaviors in caregivers during COVID-19 and beyond.

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Frosch CA, Schoppe-Sullivan SJ, O'Banion DD (2021)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usAmerican journal of lifestyle medicine115 citations

Parenting and Child Development: A Relational Health Perspective.

A child's development is embedded within a complex system of relationships. Among the many relationships that influence children's growth and development, perhaps the most influential is the one that exists between parent and child. Recognition of the critical importance of early parent-child relationship quality for children's socioemotional, cognitive, neurobiological, and health outcomes has contributed to a shift in efforts to identify relational determinants of child outcomes. Recent efforts to extend models of relational health to the field of child development highlight the role that parent, child, and contextual factors play in supporting the development and maintenance of healthy parent-child relationships. This review presents a parent-child relational health perspective on development, with an emphasis on socioemotional outcomes in early childhood, along with brief attention t

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Family Environment, Neurodevelopmental Risk, and the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Initiative: Looking Back and Moving Forward.

The family environment, with all its complexity and diverse components, plays a critical role in shaping neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. Herein we review several domains of the family environment (family socioeconomic status, family composition and home environment, parenting behaviors and interaction styles, parental mental health and functioning, and parental substance use) and discuss how these domains influence neurodevelopment, with particular emphasis on mental health outcomes. We also highlight a new initiative launched by the National Institutes of Health, the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. We discuss the role that ECHO will play in advancing our understanding of the impact of the family environment on children's risk for psychiatric outcomes. Lastly, we conclude with important unanswered questions and controversies in this area of rese

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Christie H, Hamilton-Giachritsis C, Alves-Costa F, Tomlinson M, Halligan SL (2019)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usEuropean journal of psychotraumatology106 citations

The impact of parental posttraumatic stress disorder on parenting: a systematic review.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious and debilitating disorder that can develop following exposure to a traumatic event. Where parents develop PTSD, it may have an impact on their parenting role. Objective: The objective was to review the existing evidence base on parental PTSD, examining whether parental PTSD has an impact on key parenting domains. Method: A comprehensive web-based search identified 27 quantitative studies that examined parental PTSD in relation to parenting domains. Results: Several parenting domains were investigated including: parenting satisfaction, parenting stress, the parent-child relationship, and specific parenting practices. Sample sizes ranged from 19 to 3931 parents. A range of parental traumas were investigated, including traumatic birth experiences, military trauma, and intimate partner violence. Findings indicated associations bet

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Hoffman LJ, Guerry JD, Albano AM (2018)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usCurrent psychiatry reports6 citations

Launching Anxious Young Adults: A Specialized Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Transitional Aged Youth.

Purpose of review: There has been growing clinical and research attention to the unique developmental stage of emerging adulthood. This stage is a time of significant change and growth for all individuals, as it includes identity exploration, emotional, behavioral, and financial independence from caregivers, and completion of educational or vocational requirements. Recent findings: Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health diagnoses among emerging adults, and individuals suffering from these disorders often experience compounding functional impairments across health, financial, and social domains. While evidence-based treatments exist for both child/adolescent anxiety disorders and adult anxiety disorders, no specialized assessment or treatment methods have been established for the unique period of emerging adulthood. Our review examines literature pertinent to anxiety disorder

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Kim P, Strathearn L, Swain JE (2016)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usHormones and behavior197 citations

The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans.

This article is part of a Special Issue "Parental Care". Early mother-infant relationships play important roles in infants' optimal development. New mothers undergo neurobiological changes that support developing mother-infant relationships regardless of great individual differences in those relationships. In this article, we review the neural plasticity in human mothers' brains based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. First, we review the neural circuits that are involved in establishing and maintaining mother-infant relationships. Second, we discuss early postpartum factors (e.g., birth and feeding methods, hormones, and parental sensitivity) that are associated with individual differences in maternal brain neuroplasticity. Third, we discuss abnormal changes in the maternal brain related to psychopathology (i.e., postpartum depression, posttraumatic stress disorde

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Conger RD, Belsky J, Capaldi DM (2009)editorial or commentMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usDevelopmental psychology64 citations

The intergenerational transmission of parenting: closing comments for the special section.

The 5 studies in this special section both confirm prior findings regarding the intergenerational transmission of parenting and provide important new evidence regarding the intergenerational transmission of positive parenting and the developmental mediators that seem involved in that transmission. Consistent with earlier research, the findings suggest that harsh parenting in the 1st generation (G1) predicts similar behavior in the 2nd generation (G2) primarily through the exacerbation of G2 conduct problems. In contrast, replicated findings in this set of articles indicate that intergenerational continuities in positive parenting likely stem from the social and academic competencies such parenting engenders in the next generation. In addition, these 5 studies demonstrate that the evidence for intergenerational continuity in parenting is robust across diverse study samples, different type

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Rutt K, Daniels J, DeVos L, Fiphaza K, Ngcobo S, Medina-Marino A (2026)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usGlobal public health

'I have a child i need to live for': a qualitative study of parenthood and the TB experience in South Africa.

Existing research highlights TB's economic and social stigma burdens and impacts behavior in households, but virtually unexplored is the dynamics of TB and parenthood. This qualitative study examines the interplay between TB diagnosis and treatment, and parenting experiences, focusing on the intersections of individual agency, societal expectations, and access to resources. From March 2021 to January 2022, we conducted in-depth interviews with 98 TB patients in Buffalo City, South Africa, including 44 mothers and 54 fathers. Guided by the Network-Individual-Resource (NIR) model, we applied layered coding, memoing, and causal mapping to analyze experiences through the lens of agency and societal expectations. Mothers reported primary caregiving responsibilities, drawing motivation from their children, and relying on multigenerational family support for childcare and treatment-adherence. C

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Walker KJ, Perez-Brena NJ, Duncan JC, Perez R (2026)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence1 citations

Latinx adolescent parents' experiences with stigma and their school-related outcomes: Examining the moderating effects of social support and ethnic-racial identity.

Adolescent parents are at risk for poorer school-related outcomes relative to their non-parenting peers. In part, poorer academic outcomes may reflect adolescents' need to balance multiple roles within systems that are unaccommodating to their unique needs. Concomitantly, adolescent parents hold cultural and familial assets that can help them achieve positive school-related outcomes (i.e., school belonging, aspirations, and expectations) despite experiences of marginalization. The current study explores the relationship between adolescent parents' reports of stigma (e.g., negative treatment due to their parenting status) and their school-related outcomes; it will also test whether social support and ethnic-racial identity (ERI) serve as protective factors in these associations. To address our study goals, we employed cross-sectional data from a sample of adolescents who were parents or e

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Abdie Hussein T, Birhan Bitew W, Tamiru Tolla T (2026)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usMedicine

The mediating role of parental involvement in the relationship between social media exposure and socio-emotional development of children.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of parental involvement on social media exposure and socio-emotional development of children in the Awi administrative zone, Ethiopia. Data were collected in 2026 using a quantitative cross-sectional research design. Three hundred parent-child dyads (240 mother-child dyads and 60 father-child dyads) selected from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds participated in the study. The children's ages ranged from 4 to 6 years. A survey questionnaire was employed to collect data from the parents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, and the Process Procedure for Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis macro (model 4) for mediation analysis. The results indicated that social media exposure was significantly and negatively associated with socio-emotional development (β = -0.225, P <

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Canário AC, Silva-Martins M, Santos S, Krasniqi L, Campos J, Abreu-Lima I, Cruz O (2025)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usChild: care, health and development1 citations

Feeding Practices Among Portuguese Parents of 5- to 10-Year-Olds: Psychometric Properties of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire.

Background: Parents, as primary caregivers, are responsible for most decisions related to children's lifestyle. One of the key elements in children's lifestyle is parents' feeding practices and given the relevance of these practices for children's weight and health-related outcomes, it is important to have valid and reliable measures available to address them in both research and practice. In the current study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) in a sample of Portuguese parents of children aged 5-to-10. We evaluated the questionnaire's factor structure, criterion-related validity and test-retest reliability. Methods: Primary caregivers (N = 507) of children aged 5-to-10 completed the CFPQ and the Physical Activity Parenting Practices questionnaire, and a subset of the participants (n = 125) completed the CFPQ at a second a

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Heiden-Rootes K, Dalton MR, Galupo MP (2025)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usFamily process

Humility as a Parenting Practice for Promoting the Health and Safety of Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth.

Parent-child relationship quality, including the degree of emotional support and acceptance, is the single biggest predictor of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and mental health for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth. Family intervention research is underway for identifying how to change poor parent-child relationships where parents reject or are ambiguous about TGD identities. This manuscript conceptualizes parental gender-affirming cultural humility based on previous research on humility in psychology and cultural humility in psychotherapy. Parental gender-affirming cultural humility (PGACH) is applied to parent-child relationships with TGD youth, specifically. TGD youth and their cisgender parents occupy a cross-cultural relationship; parental humility practices may offer an effective point of family intervention for cultivating a new interpersonal process in the family.

matched on Parenting (mesh), Parents (mesh)

Huczewska I, Mynarska M (2025)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of reproductive and infant psychology3 citations

From parentification to parenthood: caregiving responsibilities in childhood and childbearing desire in young adulthood.

Introduction: Childbearing and childrearing challenge parents' physical, social and emotional capacities. Childbearing motivations and desires are indicators of person's psychological readiness to meet these challenges and to establish a healthy bond with the child. Yet, much uncertainty still exists on how childbearing motivations and desires develop in the life course and to what extent early experiences in the family of origin contribute to their development. Objective: The overall goal of the present study was to understand the relationship between early caregiving responsibilities (i.e. childhood parentification) in the family of origin and childbearing motivations and the desire to have a first child. Methods: In the cross-sectional design study, childless Polish adults (N = 384; 20-35 years old) completed a set of self-report measures. Different dimensions of parentification exper

matched on Parenting (mesh), Parents (mesh)

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