Raising children, warmth and limits.
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Tafsīr
التفسير6 shownCommentary on the verses above, at most two editions per verse.
en-al-jalalayn on 2:266en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
Would any of you wish to have a garden an orchard of date-palms and vines with rivers flowing beneath it for him there is in it all manner of fruit then old age smites him and makes him too weak to profit from it and he has seed but they are weak young children who cannot manage it; then a whirlwind i‘sār are violent winds with fire smites it and it is consumed? so that he loses what he is most in need of and now he and his children have become incapacitated confused without any resources. This is a similitude of how the expenditure of the one expending for show or the one who reproaches after having expended vanishes and how it is of no avail when he will be most in need of it in the Hereafter the interrogative a-yawaddu ‘would any wish’ is intended as a denial. According to Ibn ‘Abbās this is the person who performs deeds of obedience but when Satan comes to him he begins to work disob
en-al-jalalayn on 3:34en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
the seed of one offspring from another of them; God is Hearer Knower.
en-al-jalalayn on 3:38en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
Then when Zachariah had seen this and realised that the One with power to bring something about in other than its natural time is able to bring about a child in old age and with those of his family line all deceased Zachariah prayed to his Lord when he entered the sanctuary to pray in the middle of the night saying ‘Lord bestow upon me from You a goodly offspring a righteous son verily You are the Hearer of You are the One Who answers supplication’.
en-tafisr-ibn-kathir on 2:266en-tafisr-ibn-kathircommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
Would any of you wish to have a garden with date palms and vines, with rivers flowing underneath, and all kinds of fruits for him therein, while he is striken with old age, and his children are weak (not able to look after themselves), then it is struck with a fiery whirlwind, so that it is burnt? Thus does Allah make clear His Ayat to you that you may give thought (266)
The Example of Evil Deeds Nullifying Good Deeds
Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn 'Abbas and 'Ubayd bin 'Umayr said that 'Umar bin Al-Khattab asked the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, "According to your opinion, about whom was this Ayah revealed,
أَيَوَدُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَن تَكُونَ لَهُ جَنَّةٌ مِّن نَّخِيلٍ وَأَعْنَابٍ
(Would any of you wish to have a garden with date palms and vines…?)."
They said, "Allah knows best." 'Umar became angry and said, "Say we know or we do not know." Ibn 'Abbas said, "O Leader of the Fai
en-tafisr-ibn-kathir on 3:34en-tafisr-ibn-kathircommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
Allah chose Adam, Nuh (Noah), the family of Ibrahim and the family of 'Imran above the nations (33)Offspring, one of the other, and Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower (34)
The Chosen Ones Among the People of the Earth
Allah states that He has chosen these households over the people of the earth. For instance, Allah chose Adam, created him with His Hand and blew life into him. Allah commanded the angels to prostrate before Adam, taught him the names of everything and allowed him to dwell in Paradise, but then sent him down from it out of His wisdom. Allah chose Nuh and made him the first Messenger to the people of the earth, when the people worshipped idols and associated others with Allah in worship. Allah avenged the way Nuh was treated, for he kept calling his people day and night, in public and in secret, for a very long time. However, his calling them only made them shun him more, and
en-tafisr-ibn-kathir on 3:38en-tafisr-ibn-kathircommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
At that time Zakariyya invoked his Lord, saying: "O my Lord! Grant me from You, a good offspring. You are indeed the All-Hearer of invocation. (38)Then the angels called him, while he was standing in prayer in the Mihrab, (saying): "Allah gives you glad tidings of Yahya, believing in the Word from Allah, and Sayyidan, and Hasuran, a Prophet, from among the righteous. (39)He said: "O my Lord! How can I have a son when I am very old, and my wife is barren?" (Allah) said: "Thus Allah does what He wills. (40)He said: "O my Lord! Make a sign for me." (Allah) said: "Your sign is that you shall not speak to the people for three days except by signals. And remember your Lord much, and glorify (Him) in the afternoon and in the morning. (41)
The Supplication of Zakariyya, and the Good News of Yahya's Birth
When Zakariyya saw that Allah provided sustenance for Maryam by giving her the fruits of w
Research library, full list
1776 to 1800 of 1,820Family discord, parental depression, and psychopathology in offspring: 20-year follow-up.
Objective: To determine the independent effects of parental depression and family discord on offspring psychopathology among children at high and low risk of depression.
Method: Family discord factors were assessed when subjects were approximately 17 years old, and offspring diagnoses were assessed about 20 years later. Parental and offspring psychopathology was assessed by interviewers blind to parents' clinical status. The following dimensions of family discord were assessed: poor marital adjustment, parent child discord, low family cohesion, affectionless control, and parental divorce.
Results: Most family discord factors were associated with parental depression. Among children of depressed parents, none of the measures of family discord had a statistically significant association with offspring major depressive disorder or anxiety disorders. Among children of nondepressed parents, pa…
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Parental violence and the occurrence of severe and acute malnutrition in childhood.
Evidence from developed countries has linked family violence with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), yet no similar studies have been conducted in developing countries where the risk of SAM is higher. To redress this gap, the objective of this study was to explore the role of intimate partner violence (IPV) among caregivers as an independent risk factor for SAM. A hospital-based case-control (n = 172 : 345) study was carried out in six paediatric hospitals of Rio de Janeiro (1995-99). Cases comprised children (1-24 months) admitted with SAM (weight-for-height z-score < -2 SD). Controls were children of the same age admitted for non-traumatic surgery. Couple violence was gauged through the Conflict Tactics Scales from two perspectives: (a) two ordinal variables characterising the intensity of verbal and physical aggression based on scores, and (b) a four-level variable representing a patter…
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Factors related to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children with ADHD in Europe at entry into treatment.
Objective: To describe the associations between a range of baseline factors (demographic, family and clinical) and parent-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with ADHD taking part in the ADORE study.
Methods: HRQoL was rated using the Parent Report Form of the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE). Forward-stepwise linear regression models were used to investigate associations with 26 independent variables. Separate models were fitted for each of the five CHIP-CE domains (Satisfaction, Comfort, Resilience, Risk Avoidance and Achievement) and two subdomains of Achievement (Academic Performance and Peer Relations).
Results: CHIP-CE domain mean scores were lower than community norms, especially for Risk Avoidance and Achievement, indicating a low level of HRQoL. Clinical factors significantly associated with a poorer HRQoL included ADHD symptoms (i…
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Behaviour and emotional problems in toddlers with pervasive developmental disorders and developmental delay: associations with parental mental health and family functioning.
Background: Behavioural and emotional problems occur at a high rate in children and adolescents with intellectual disability, often from a young age. Some studies have indicated that children and adolescents with autism present with even higher rates. Less is known about the presentation, development and family impact of these difficulties in young children with autism. This study aimed to explore these issues in toddlers with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), those with delay without a PDD, and their families.
Methods: Participants were 123 children aged 20-51 months, referred to a developmental assessment clinic. Parents completed a checklist on child behavioural and emotional problems, and individual questionnaires on family functioning, their own mental health, and stress in relation to parenting their child. The child's language and cognitive skills, adaptive functioning and…
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Factors associated with functioning style and coping strategies of families with a child with an autism spectrum disorder.
A survey of parents/caregivers of a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was conducted to examine the relationship between ASD characteristics, family functioning and coping strategies. Having a child with ASD places considerable stress on the family. Primary caregivers of a child with ASD from a regional and rural area in Victoria, Australia (N = 53) were surveyed concerning their child with ASD, family functioning (adaptability and cohesion), marital satisfaction, self-esteem and coping strategies. Results suggest that these caregivers had healthy self-esteem, although they reported somewhat lower marital happiness, family cohesion and family adaptability than did norm groups. Coping strategies were not significant predictors of these outcome variables. Results highlight the need for support programmes to target family and relationship variables as well as ASD children and thei…
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Chen JJ (2005)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usGenetic, social, and general psychology monographs45 citations Relation of academic support from parents, teachers, and peers to Hong Kong adolescents' academic achievement: the mediating role of academic engagement.
The author tested a model hypothesizing that students' self-perceived academic support (from parents, teachers, and peers) is related to their achievement directly and indirectly through their own perceived academic engagement. The participants were 270 adolescents (M age = 15.41 years, range = 14-20 years) from 3 grade levels (Forms 3-5, equivalent to Grades 9-11 in the United States) in a Hong Kong secondary school. The school principal and teachers helped to collect data based on these adolescents' responses to a self-report questionnaire, consisting of a demographic profile and 4 scales assessing their self-perceptions of the extent of parental, teacher, and peer support, and their own academic engagement. Academic achievement was measured by self-reported grades in math, English, and Chinese. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that adolescents' perceived parental, teache…
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School-based mental health programming for children with inattentive and disruptive behavior problems: first-year treatment outcome.
This article examines the effectiveness of an evidence-based behavioral treatment package for children with inattentive and disruptive behavior problems when delivered in the context of a school-based mental health program. Child symptomatology and functioning are assessed in a treatment group (n = 30) and a waitlist control group (n = 12) across multiple time points (fall, winter, and spring). Treatment includes a daily report card procedure, year-long teacher consultation, and parenting sessions. According to the parent report, treated children show marked reductions in hyperactive and impulsive, oppositional or defiant and aggressive behavior, and marked improvement in peer relationships. Teachers observe treatment-related group differences in inattention, academic functioning, and the student-teacher relationship. Feasibility and acceptability data have implications for transporting …
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Using State Administrative Data to Examine Aspects of Autistic Adult Life: A Comparative Analysis of Identification, Voting, Marriage, and Parenting.
Background: Existing outcomes research on autistic adulthood focuses primarily on certain aspects of adult life (e.g., employment) and is limited by methods that are often not representative of whole populations. In the current study, we aimed to use available state administrative data to examine frequencies of receiving state identification, voting, marriage/partnership, and parenting.
Methods: In this cross-sectional, population-based study, we accessed Utah state administrative data for 7404 autistic adults born from 1970 to 2002 and matched 1:3 to non-autistic adults (N = 22,213). We identified proportions of documentation of ever achieving each outcome (state identification, voting, marriage/partnership, parenting) and differences by group, sex, race, ethnicity, and co-occurring intellectual disability.
Results: Autistic adults were less likely to have state identification (54.9% vs…
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Li M (2025)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usFrontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry The price of possessiveness: how parental materialism undermines child psychological wellbeing.
Materialism, a value system that places the pursuit of possessions at the core of happiness and life meaning, is a dominant cultural force in modern societies. While its associations with individual well-being are well-documented, its intergenerational implications remain understudied. This study conceptualizes materialism as a potential family stressor contributing to the intergenerational transmission of stress. An intergenerational crossover model of materialism was tested using data from 1,996 parent-child pairs in Zhengzhou, China. Results indicate that higher parental materialism is associated with stronger materialistic values in children, weaker family relationships, and more frequent parental comparisons, each of which is linked to greater psychological distress in youth. These patterns suggest that materialism may contribute to intergenerational patterns of vulnerability. The s…
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Contextual differences in parent-child interactions: A study on toddlers at elevated likelihood of autism and their mothers.
Parent-child interactions are important for children's emotional and behavioral development. In autism research, parent-child interactions are typically observed during free play. Yet, studies outside the autism field underscored the importance of observing parent-child interactions during other contexts, as parents' behaviors may depend on the context, and different contexts may reveal different relationships between parents' and children's behaviors. Therefore, we observed interactions between 102 mothers and their 24-month-old children at elevated likelihood of autism during two scenarios: free play and goal-directed play. Participating children had an older autistic sibling (n = 68) or were born very preterm (born before 30 weeks; n = 34). We found that mothers adapt their behaviors to contextual cues, which supports and expands on previous findings regarding older autistic children,…
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"The People Criticized Me and Insulted Me Due to Having a Child with Defect": Experiences of Somali Parents of Children with Anorectal Malformation.
Background: Treatment of anorectal malformations (ARM) and the management of clinical outcomes are challenging for families. While most studies focus on mothers suffering from care burden, high stress, and low quality of life, there is limited knowledge of what fathers of children with ARM experience; therefore, this study aimed to examine how both mothers and fathers have experience caring for children with ARM and how beliefs and cultural issues affect the perception of congenital anomalies.
Methods: A qualitative design. Consolidated criteria for reporting the qualitative research guidelines were used in this study. The guidelines for thematic analysis were followed for data analysis.
Results: Ten mothers and six fathers were interviewed, and their mean age was 32.5 ± 4.2 years. Of the 75% (n = 12) illiterate and 93.7% (n = 15) had an expanded family type, all their religious affiliat…
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Angwenyi V, Fletcher R, Mwangi PM, Kabue M, Odhiambo R, Mulupi S, Obulemire EK, Njoroge E, Ombech E, Mokaya MM, Wesala M, Marangu J, Abubakar A (2024)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usBMC public health1 citations Engaging fathers(to-be): a pilot study on the adaptation and programme experience of SMS4baba intervention in Kenya's informal settlements.
Background: Engaging fathers(to-be) can improve maternal, newborn, and child health outcomes. However, father-focused interventions in low-resource settings are under-researched. As part of an integrated early childhood development pilot cluster randomised trial in Nairobi's informal settlements, this study aimed to test the feasibility of a text-only intervention for fathers (SMS4baba) adapted from one developed in Australia (SMS4dads).
Methods: A multi-phased mixed-methods study, which included an exploratory qualitative phase and pre-post evaluation of the adapted SMS4baba text-only intervention was conducted between 2019 and 2022. Three focus-group discussions (FGDs) with 19 fathers were conducted at inception to inform SMS4baba content development; two post-pilot FGDs with 12 fathers explored the acceptability and feasibility of SMS4baba implementation; and 4 post-intervention FGDs …
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Measuring effects of screen time on the development of children in the Philippines: a cross-sectional study.
Background: Screen time in young children is discouraged because of its negative effects on their development. However, excessive screen media use has been rising, particularly during the global pandemic when stay-at-home mandates were placed on young children in several countries. This study documents potential developmental effects of excessive screen media use.
Method: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were 24 to 36 month old Filipino children recruited through non-probable convenience sampling from August to October 2021. Regression analyses were performed to test the association between screen time and changes in scaled scores for skills and behaviors determined from the Adaptive Behavior Scale and to identify factors associated with increased screen media use.
Results: Increased odds of excessive use of screen media of children by 4.19 when parents watch excessively and…
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Caregiver Perceptions of Children's and Adolescents' Psychosocial Functioning During the Stringent COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions in Shanghai: Cross-sectional Study.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global health crisis. The Shanghai municipal government in China implemented strict and comprehensive pandemic control strategies in the first half of 2022 to eliminate a wave of COVID-19 infection. The pandemic and the resulting government responses have led to abrupt changes to families' daily lives, including the mental health of children and adolescents.
Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of COVID-19 exposure and the stringent lockdown measures on the daily life and mental health of children and adolescents and to provide suggestions on maintaining their mental health when similar public health emergencies occur in the future.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, an anonymous survey was distributed online in May 1-15, 2022, in Shanghai. Individuals were eligible to participate if they were currently the caregive…
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Developmental Manifestations of Grief in Children and Adolescents: Caregivers as Key Grief Facilitators.
The death of a loved one represents one of the most distressing and potentially traumatic life events in childhood and adolescence. Grief reactions in youth are influenced by ongoing developmental processes and manifest differently depending on the child's age and developmental stage. These grief-related processes unfold within youths' caregiving context, as children and adolescents rely heavily on the adults in their environment to navigate and cope with the death of a loved one. Despite the field's increasing recognition of the potential for maladaptive grief reactions to impede functioning over time, few longitudinal research studies on childhood grief currently exist. In this article, we will (a) provide a brief overview of the childhood bereavement literature; (b) review the new DSM-5 and ICD-11 Prolonged Grief Disorder diagnostic criteria through a developmentally-informed lens; (c…
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Family Factors Associated with Hands-On Play and Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Background: Parent-child interactions are crucial for child development. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected mental health and increased parenting challenges impacting parent-child functioning.
Objective: This study examined parent factors related to more and less enriching child activities during the pandemic through Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems framework.
Methods: A convenience sample of parents (N = 708), primarily mothers (n = 610; 87.4%) aged 35.59 years old (SD = 5.59; range = 21-72), with children ages 2-8 years completed an online questionnaire between April 14-June 1, 2020. Participants mostly resided in Canada, had an income of > $100,000, and identified as White (82.4%). Parent-child activities were measured as total weekly time and combined time across activities within two categories: hands-on play and screen time. Bivariate correlations informed blockwise l…
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Prenatal education program decreases postpartum depression and increases maternal confidence: A longitudinal quasi-experimental study in urban Japan.
Background: Mothers in urban Japan are at high risk for postpartum depression. Previous research indicates that parents who understand their baby's behavior may have lower risks for postpartum depression. HUG Your Baby helps parents understand their baby's behavior.
Aim: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to determine whether mothers receiving prenatal HUG Your Baby teaching would have better outcomes than a control group with respect to postpartum depression and related factors.
Methods: Pregnant women, after thirty weeks' gestation, were recruited to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention group received HUG Your Baby education, which teaches how to recognize and respond to a baby's behavior. The control group received a leaflet and regular, prenatal treatment. Participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Karitane Parenting Confidence …
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Dread and solace: Talking about perinatal mental health.
Perinatal mental health issues are a global public health challenge. Worldwide, it is estimated that 10% of pregnant women, and 13% of women who have just given birth, experience a mental disorder. Yet, for many reasons - including stigma, limited access to services, patients' lack of awareness about symptoms, and inadequate professional intervention - actual rates of clinical and subclinical perinatal mental health issues are likely higher. Studies have explored experiences such as postpartum depression, but few involve a wider-ranging exploration of a variety of self-reported perinatal mental health issues through personal narrative. We conducted 21 narrative interviews with women, in two Canadian provinces, about their experiences of perinatal mental health issues. Our aim was to deepen understanding of how individual and cultural narratives of motherhood and perinatal mental health c…
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Assessing Parenting Interactions With Children: Spanish Validation of PICCOLO With Fathers.
Background/Objective: To gain knowledge about mothers' and fathers' interactions with their sons and daughters, we need reliable and valid tools to assess parental behaviors that can be used for different caregivers and in a variety of cultural contexts. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO) to assess fathers' interaction with their children at early ages. PICCOLO is an observational tool originally developed in the United States for mothers and fathers and previously validated in Spain with a sample of mothers. Methods: One hundred and ninety-one father-child dyads were observed during free-play situations at home when the children were between 10 and 47 months of age (55.0% male). The fathers auto recorded 8-10 minutes of interaction and trained evaluators assessed…
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Cognitive reappraisal and self-compassion as emotion regulation strategies for parents during COVID-19: An online randomized controlled trial.
Objective: Parenting during pandemic restrictions places extreme demands on everyday family life, leading to increased stress levels for parents and distressed parent-child interactions. This RCT aimed to investigate whether cognitive reappraisal and self-compassion are helpful emotion regulation (ER) strategies to reduce individual and parental stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: An online intervention for parents was developed focusing on the application of ER strategies to pandemic requirements of families. A sample of 265 parents were randomly assigned to either cognitive reappraisal (CR; n = 88), self-compassion (SC; n = 90) or wait-list control (WLC; n = 87) group. Interventions included two video sessions (day 1 and day 3) and three email reminders to transfer the application of ER strategies to daily family life (days 2, 4, 5). Parents' perceived individual stress and pa…
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Does Time with Dad in Childhood Pay Off in Adolescence?
Objective: We aim to understand the association between father involvement in middle childhood and adolescent behaviors and whether the relationship differs by father residence.
Background: Internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescence can trigger a cascade of negative outcomes later in life, including lower educational attainment, criminal justice involvement, and future psychological distress. Evidence, largely focusing on nonresidential fathers and older cohort, suggests that father involvement-particularly closeness and engagement-may reduce adolescents' internalizing and externalizing behaviors.
Method: We use data six waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a birth cohort survey representative of births in large U.S. cities between 1998 and 2000, to estimate OLS regression models examining (a) whether father involvement in middle childhood is associated …
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Family Characteristics in Sex Communication and Social Support: Implications for Emerging Adult Men Who Have Sex with Men's PrEP Engagement.
While emerging adulthood (ages 18-25) is marked by increased independence from parents, parental support remains a strong correlate of positive sexual health outcomes for heterosexual youth. With the emergence of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), few studies have examined the potential for parent-child sex communication and PrEP adoption among emerging adult men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed to describe the extent to which parents/family characteristics play supportive roles in emerging adult MSM's current PrEP use. PrEP-indicated participants (N = 222) were recruited via social media to complete an online survey. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between emerging adult MSM's current PrEP use and comfort with parent-child sex communication, family social support, family outness, and family prioritization, adjusted for sociodemographic variables. Thirty percen…
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Children's Adjustment to Parents' Break Up: The Mediational Effects of Parenting and Co-parenting.
Although past studies have shown an association between union instability (i.e., change in family structure) and children's aggressive behaviors, the mechanism by which this occurs is less understood. This study (n = 3,387) examined whether father and mother involvement, co-parenting support, and maternal responsiveness explained the association between union instability in early life and children's aggressive behaviors at 9 years, and whether relationship status moderated this association. Findings reveal that only co-parenting support mediated this association and only for children whose mothers divorced (not for mothers who experienced a non-marital separation), suggesting that when a divorce occurs, the relationship between partners (co-parenting) is more important than the relationship with children (parenting) for children's social adjustment.
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The effects of early autism intervention on parents and family adaptive functioning.
This review describes the effects of intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on parents. Like all children, children with ASD bring both negative and positive experiences for parents and families-from increased resource needs, to higher levels of parenting-related stress, to positive personal growth for family members. It is increasingly recognized that, although children with ASD are the primary targets of early ASD intervention, ASD intervention also impacts parents. From the time emerging developmental concerns begin to be identified, through the process of obtaining a diagnosis and initiating services, parents play a central role in addressing the needs of young children with ASD, including implementing and supporting early intervention. Parents experience the impact of intervention directly, through interaction with providers within the health care and ed…
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Positive Parenting Moderates the Association between Temperament and Self-Regulation in Low-Income Toddlers.
Self-regulation develops rapidly during the toddler years and underlies many important developmental outcomes, including social-emotional competence and academic achievement. It is important to understand factors that contribute to early self-regulation skills among children at risk for adjustment difficulties in these domains, such as children growing up in poverty. The current study examined mother-reported child temperament (negative affect, effortful control) and observed maternal parenting (during a mother-child free play) as contributing factors to toddlers' observed self-regulation during delay of gratification tasks at 27 months (snack delay) and 33 months (gift delay). Participants were 198 toddlers (M age = 27 months; 53% boys; 48% non-Hispanic white) and their mothers from low-income families. Mothers' negative parenting characterized by negative affect, hostility, and negativ…
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