Resilience and coping

فَإِنَّ مَعَ ٱلۡعُسۡرِ يُسۡرًا

So truly where there is hardship there is also ease

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ خُذُواْ حِذۡرَكُمۡ فَٱنفِرُواْ ثُبَاتٍ أَوِ ٱنفِرُواْ جَمِيعࣰ ا

You who believe, be on your guard. March [to battle] in small groups or as one body

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ - وَوَضَعْنَا عَنكَ وِزْرَكَ - الَّذِي أَنقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ - وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ - فَإِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا - إِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا - فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَانصَبْ - وَإِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَارْغَب (1. Have We not opened your breast for you?)(2. And removed from you your burden.)(3. Which weighed down your back?)(4. And have We not raised high your fame?)(5. Verily, along with every hardship is relief,)(6. Verily, along with every hardship is relief.)(7. So when you have finished, devote yourself to Allah's worship.)(8. And to your Lord turn intentions and hopes.) The Meaning of opening the Breast Allah says, أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ (Have We not opened your breast for you?) meaning, 'have We not opened your chest for you.' This means, 'We ill

Indeed, with difficulty and constraint, comes ease and options.

O you who believe take your precautions against your enemy that is be wary of him and be vigilant against him; then move forward prepare to fight him in companies in separate groups one raiding party followed by the next; or move forward all together in one assembly.

O you who believe! Take your precautions, and either go forth (on an expedition) in parties, or go forth all together (71)There is certainly among you he who would linger behind. If a misfortune befalls you, he says, "Indeed Allah has favored me in that I was not present among them. (72)But if a bounty comes to you from Allah, he would surely say ـ as if there had never been ties of affection between you and him, "Oh! I wish I had been with them; then I would have achieved a great success. (73)So fight those who trade the life of this world with the Hereafter, in the cause of Allah, and whoever fights in the cause of Allah, and is killed or gets victory, We shall bestow on him a great reward (74) The Necessity of Taking Necessary Precautions Against the Enemy Allah commands His faithful servants to take precautions against their enemies, by being prepared with the necessary weapons and

حَدَّثَنَا هَدَّابُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ح وَحَدَّثَنِي زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، ح وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ، بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ، كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كَامِلٍ، فُضَيْلُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ - وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ - حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا التَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ قُمْتُ عَلَى بَابِ الْجَنَّةِ فَإِذَا عَامَّةُ مَنْ دَخَلَهَا الْمَسَاكِينُ وَإِذَا أَصْحَابُ الْجَدِّ مَحْبُوسُونَ إِلاَّ أَصْحَابَ النَّارِ فَقَدْ أُمِرَ بِهِمْ إِلَى النَّارِ وَقُمْتُ عَلَى بَابِ النَّارِ فَإِذَا عَامَّةُ مَنْ دَخَلَهَا النِّسَاءُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Usama b. Zaid reported that Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) said:I stood at the door of Paradise and I found that the overwhelming majority of those who entered therein was that of poor persons and the wealthy persons were detained to get into that. The denizens of Hell were commanded to get into Hell, and I stood upon the door of Fire and the majority amongst them who entered there was that of women

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، سَمِعَ أَبَا رَجَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ ‏.‏

This hadith is narrated likewise through another chain of transmitters

حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ مَا يُصِيبُ الْمُسْلِمَ مِنْ نَصَبٍ وَلاَ وَصَبٍ وَلاَ هَمٍّ وَلاَ حُزْنٍ وَلاَ أَذًى وَلاَ غَمٍّ حَتَّى الشَّوْكَةِ يُشَاكُهَا، إِلاَّ كَفَّرَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِنْ خَطَايَاهُ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri and Abu Huraira:The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "No fatigue, nor disease, nor sorrow, nor sadness, nor hurt, nor distress befalls a Muslim, even if it were the prick he receives from a thorn, but that Allah expiates some of his sins for that

حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُلَيْحٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ هِلاَلِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَىٍّ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ مَثَلُ الْمُؤْمِنِ كَمَثَلِ الْخَامَةِ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَتَتْهَا الرِّيحُ كَفَأَتْهَا، فَإِذَا اعْتَدَلَتْ تَكَفَّأُ بِالْبَلاَءِ، وَالْفَاجِرُ كَالأَرْزَةِ صَمَّاءَ مُعْتَدِلَةً حَتَّى يَقْصِمَهَا اللَّهُ إِذَا شَاءَ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Abu Huraira:Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The example of a believer is that of a fresh tender plant; from whatever direction the wind comes, it bends it, but when the wind becomes quiet, it becomes straight again. Similarly, a believer is afflicted with calamities (but he remains patient till Allah removes his difficulties.) And an impious wicked person is like a pine tree which keeps hard and straight till Allah cuts (breaks) it down when He wishes." (See Hadith No. 558, Vol)

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنِ قَعْنَبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ، - يَعْنِي ابْنَ بِلاَلٍ - عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَرَّ بِالسُّوقِ دَاخِلاً مِنْ بَعْضِ الْعَالِيَةِ وَالنَّاسُ كَنَفَتَهُ فَمَرَّ بِجَدْىٍ أَسَكَّ مَيِّتٍ فَتَنَاوَلَهُ فَأَخَذَ بِأُذُنِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ ‏"‏ أَيُّكُمْ يُحِبُّ أَنَّ هَذَا لَهُ بِدِرْهَمٍ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَقَالُوا مَا نُحِبُّ أَنَّهُ لَنَا بِشَىْءٍ وَمَا نَصْنَعُ بِهِ قَالَ ‏"‏ أَتُحِبُّونَ أَنَّهُ لَكُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالُوا وَاللَّهِ لَوْ كَانَ حَيًّا كَانَ عَيْبًا فِيهِ لأَنَّهُ أَسَكُّ فَكَيْفَ وَهُوَ مَيِّتٌ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ فَوَاللَّهِ لَلدُّنْيَا أَهْوَنُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ هَذَا عَلَيْكُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Jabir b. Abdullah reported that Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) happened to walk through the bazar coming from the side of 'Aliya and the people were on both his sides. There he found a dead lamb with very short ears. He took hold of his ear and said:Who amongst you would like to have this for a dirham? They said: We do not like to have it even for less than that as it is of no use to us. He said: Do you wish to have it (free of any cost)? They said: By Allah, even if it were alive (we would not have liked to possess that), for there is defect in it as its ear is very short; now it is dead also. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: By Allah, this world is more insignificant in the eye of Allah than it (this dead lamb) is in your eye

حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى الْعَنَزِيُّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَرْعَرَةَ السَّامِيُّ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، - يَعْنِيَانِ الثَّقَفِيَّ - عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏.‏ بِمِثْلِهِ غَيْرَ أَنَّ فِي حَدِيثِ الثَّقَفِيِّ فَلَوْ كَانَ حَيًّا كَانَ هَذَا السَّكَكُ بِهِ عَيْبًا ‏.‏

Jabir reported Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) narrating a hadith like this with a slight variation of wording

ثم خاصية العقل واللب : التمييز بين مراتب المحبوبات والمكروهات بقوة العلم والتمييز وإيثار أعلى المحبوبين على أدناهما واحتمال أدنى المكروهين للتخلص من أعلاهما بقوة الصبر والثبات واليقين

وأمر المصاب بأنفع الأمور له وهو الصبر والاحتساب فإن ذلك يخفف مصيبته ويوفر أجره والجزع والتسخط والتشكى يزيد في المصيبة ويذهب الأجر

فالصبر مع نفسك و المصابرة بينك وبين عدوك و المرابطة الثبات وإعداد العدة وكما أن الرباط لزوم الثغر لئلا يهجم منه العدو فكذلك الرباط أيضا لزوم ثغر القلب لئلا يهجم عليه الشيطان فيملكه أو يخربه أو يشعثه

ويهيج أفراحهم قابلوه بالسكون والثبات والاستقرار حتى كأنه لم يهجم عليهم وقال كعب بن زهير في مدح المهاجرين :

الثالث اللزوم والثبات ومنه حب البعير وأحب إذا برك ولم يقم قال الشاعر

الركن الرابع: نفس الاحتساب، وله درجات وآداب.

Psychological resilience among palliative patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review of definitions and associated factors.: Objective: The palliative journey can be emotionally stressful for both patients with advanced cancer and their families. Psychological resilience is crucial in aiding with patients' adaptation and post-traumatic growth. The aim of this systematic review was to critically examine the definitions of psychological resilience and its associated factors in palliative patients with advanced cancer. Methods: Four databases were systematically searched from inception to August 2020. Both qualitative an

Resilience and related factors in colorectal cancer patients: A systematic review.: Purpose: To explore resilience and its related factors in adult colorectal cancer patients. Methods: Three databases (CINAHL, Scopus and PubMed) were searched for literature published from January 2009 to February 2021 using the terms colorectal and resilience or resilient or resiliency. The review was registered with PROSPERO and followed the PRISMA statement guidelines. Results: The studies (n = 11) showed that most colorectal cancer patients exhibit moderate levels of resilience. Resilience w

Post-traumatic growth in people living with a serious medical condition and its relations to physical and mental health: a systematic review.: Purpose: The diagnosis of a life-threatening illness can be an extremely stressful, traumatic experience. However, many survivors report also various positive changes, referred in empirical literature as post-traumatic growth (PTG). Empirical studies that documented stress disorders and PTG in patients and survivors of life-threatening diseases are reviewed in three areas: Predictors of PTG, relationships between PTG and indicators of mental health and the impact of PTG on the process of convale

A systematic review of resilience in the physically ill.: Background: Resilience is the capacity of individuals to maintain, or regain, their mental health in the face of significant adversity, including physical illness. Objective: We conducted a systematic review of resilience and related concepts in the physically ill to determine factors associated with predicting or promoting resilience. Methods: An electronic search of PsychInfo, Medline, and CINAHL databases between 1950 and May 2009 was performed using the terms resilience, and various types of

Resilience in Caregivers: A Systematic Review.: Background: Resilience is a multidimensional construct that explains why people facing the consequences of adversity and stress can have a positive outcome, emphasizing adjustment to experiences that are perceived as threatening. Objective: The aim of this study is to review the construct of resilience and associated variables in caregivers of patients with chronic, advanced illness and at the end of life. Methods: The review included studies published between January 2009 and January 2019, usin

Feasibility and acceptability of a resilience training program for intensive care unit nurses.: Background: The critical nursing shortage is particularly apparent in specialty areas such as intensive care units (ICUs). Some nurses develop resilient coping strategies and adapt to stressful work experiences, mitigating the development of common maladaptive psychological symptoms. Objectives: To determine if a multimodal resilience training program for ICU nurses was feasible to perform and acceptable to the study participants. Methods: In a randomized and controlled 12-week intervention stud

Sense of coherence as a moderator of the effects of stressful life events on health.

Study objective: To test the hypothesis that Antonovsky's concept of sense of coherence (SOC) moderates (that is, buffers) the health impacts of stressful life events in a population based sample. Design: Multiple linear and Poisson regression analyses of longitudinal data from a national survey of population health were used to examine the relations among SOC, the experience of recent stressful life events (for example, family breakdown, financial crisis, physical abuse), and two outcomes, self reported health status (SRH) and self reported number of physician visits during the previous year. Setting: General population of Canada. Participants: Nationally representative sample of household residents aged 30 years of age or greater surveyed in 1998 and 2000 (n = 6505). Main results: After controlling for age, sex, and previous health status, a significant moderating effect (t = 2.24, p =…

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Male infertility in Zimbabwe.

Objectives: There are very few studies on male infertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan countries tend not to research male infertility because of economic reasons and, possibly, the psychological denial of the problem. Methods: The participants in the present study were 311 men with infertility problems who had been referred to the Andrology Clinic of the University of Zimbabwe. They were investigated by means of a clinical interview, a clinical examination, semen analysis and various endocrine tests. Results: It was found that 78% of the respondents had ever had a sexually transmitted disease. Most of the respondents reported that their infertility caused them stress and reported signs of mild depression. Most men mentioned also to seek treatment based on traditional methods. Men blamed that their wife was the reason of their childlessness. Conclusion: This study shows the import…

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The 8-year course of alcohol abuse: gender differences in social context and coping.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare women (n=230) and men (n=236) who had alcohol use disorders in terms of social context and coping methods and in terms of changes in these indices associated with participation in professional treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Methods: Initially untreated problem drinkers were followed up for 8 years. Results: Women and men did not differ in regard to the type of help received, but women had longer professional treatment. At baseline, women had more stressors and fewer resources from family and relied more on avoidance coping and drinking to cope. During the next 8 years, women, more so than men, increased on approach coping and reduced their use of avoidance coping and drinking to cope. When baseline status was controlled, women had better social resource, coping, and drinking outcomes than men did at 1 year and 8 years. A longer d…

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Hope, meaning, and growth following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

Positive psychologists found the increase of seven character strengths that encompass the so-called theological virtues, including hope and spirituality, in Americans after the September 11, 2001, attacks. Little is known about how they may affect post-September 11, 2001, mental health. Using multivariate analysis, this study investigated the relationship of hope and spiritual meaning with depression and anxiety in a sample of 457 students 3 months after September 11, 2001. Both characters contributed to lower levels of symptoms. In qualitative analysis, of 313 answers to an open-ended question regarding personal change, four categories emerged. The first three were consonant with other studies on posttraumatic growth (PTG), including changes in the self or behavior, relationships, and worldviews. The fourth category unique to September 11, 2001, was changes in political views. These fin…

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Integrating spirituality into a group psychological therapy program for cancer patients.

Purpose: Although the importance of spiritual issues to people with cancer is by now widely acknowledged, there has been almost no research on the value of interventions specifically designed to enhance the spiritual experience of these patients. The present report describes an exploratory study on the effects of a brief psychoeducational course emphasizing spiritual aspects of coping and healing. Methods: Ninety-seven patients with various types and stages of cancer took part in the 8-session course as the third stage in a progressive, stepwise program of support and psychological education. Standard psychometric tests were administered at entry, 8 weeks, and 6 months. Written home assignments, returned by participants, provided an insight into their experience. Results: Significant improvements in scores were found immediately following the intervention; by 6 months, however, these imp…

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Response of religious groups to HIV/AIDS as a sexually transmitted infection in Trinidad.

Background: HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination are significant determinants of HIV transmission in the Caribbean island nation of Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), where the adult HIV/AIDS prevalence is 2.5%. T&T is a spiritually-aware society and over 104 religious groups are represented. This religious diversity creates a complex social environment for the transmission of a sexually transmitted infection like HIV/AIDS. Religious leaders are esteemed in T&T's society and may use their position and frequent interactions with the public to promote HIV/AIDS awareness, fight stigma and discrimination, and exercise compassion for people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). Some religious groups have initiated HIV/AIDS education programs within their membership, but previous studies suggest that HIV/AIDS remains a stigmatized infection in many religious organizations. The present study investigates …

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Faith conquers all? Beliefs about the role of religious factors in coping with depression among different cultural-religious groups in the UK.

How effective is religious activity believed to be in coping with depression? This study assessed the perceived effectiveness of different religious activities--previously identified as important in coping--among 282 people in the UK. The mean age was 25 years, and participants were either Christian, Hindu,Jewish, Muslim, other religion, or no religion. Relative to other kinds of help for depression, religious activity was not seen as particularly helpful for depression. Religious activity was seen as less helpful by the ever-depressed than by the never-depressed and as less helpful by women than by men. Among religious activities, faith and prayer were seen as the most helpful. Muslims believed more strongly than other groups in the efficacy of religious coping methods for depression, were most likely to say they would use religious coping behaviour, and were least likely to say they wo…

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Pakistani women's perceptions and experiences of incontinence.

Aim: To investigate the perceptions and experience of Pakistani women who have urinary incontinence problems. Method: Data were collected from a sample group of six Pakistani women with incontinence problems. A female Miripuri Punjabi speaker conducted and recorded semi-structured interviews with the women. The interviewer interpreted these recordings onto another tape. Data were then analysed and categorised. Results: The women had low self-esteem and also felt sinful because of their incontinence. Muslim women are obliged to perform ritual cleansing and prayer five times a day. If they pass urine or faeces, or experience incontinence, they become unclean and prayer is denied until the act of ritual cleansing is repeated. The women used prayer to relieve stress caused by incontinence, but being unclean denied them this comfort, thus increasing stress. Some participants had become secret…

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Forgiveness of Self and Situations and Rumination as Mental Health Correlates in Dental School Students.

Introduction: It is widely acknowledged that dental training is stressful, with students being vulnerable to burnout, anxiety, and depression. Objective: This study examined the associations between psychosocial risk factors (maladaptive perfectionism and rumination) and resilience factors (forgiveness of self, others, and situations, and compassion for self and others) with burnout, depression, and anxiety. Method: In 2023, an electronic questionnaire was distributed to all dental students at a US dental school. Validated self-report measures were used to assess three domains: (a) mental health outcomes (burnout, depression, and anxiety), (b) risk factors (perfectionism and rumination), and (c) protective factors (compassion; self-compassion; and forgiveness of self, others, and situations). Socio-demographic measures were also collected. Seventy dental students participated, representi…

matched on protective factors (text), resilience (text)

Families Implementing Resilient Systems Together (FIRST).

Background/Objectives: Prior research suggests that it is possible to improve health outcomes in children with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) through multi-component interventions that promote protective factors. We designed the Families Implementing Resilient Systems Together (FIRST) study to address the gaps in research on the potential effectiveness of screening for specific ACEs through pediatric practice. Methods: As part of our clinical quality improvement efforts to improve patient care for children impacted by ACEs, we trained a random sample of pediatricians on strategies to promote protective factors and encouraged them to make referrals to community health workers (CHWs) and parenting education resources. This manuscript describes our clinic data on practice changes associated with the FIRST physician training, and our data collection plan for our research study. Results…

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Analyzing Male Infertility Through the Lens of Religiosity and Spirituality Among Muslim Men in Pakistan.

Male infertility is recognized as a multidimensional health issue that covers the physiological, psychological, social, and cultural factors. Despite the availability of prior literature on infertility, the role of religion and spirituality in understanding and coping with male infertility has remained unexplored. This gap is particularly pronounced in Muslim societies such as Pakistan, where religious beliefs significantly shape individuals' health experiences and coping strategies. This study explores how religious beliefs and spiritual practices shape the experiences of Muslim men dealing with infertility. This qualitative study employed a purposive sampling technique to collect data from 13 infertile Muslim men residing in Lahore, Pakistan. The authors conducted a thematic analysis of the data. The findings showed that the respondents believe Allah (God) has control over their fertil…

matched on coping strategies (text), resilience (text)

The sacred strain: Religion as both resource and burden in the psychological well-being of Pakistani women navigating postpartum depression.

This mixed-methods study examines religion's dual role in postpartum depression (PPD) among 350 Pakistani women. Quantitative findings indicate that positive religious coping strategies, such as Tawakkul and Sabr, were associated with reduced PPD severity, whereas negative religious coping predicted higher symptom severity, mediated by internalized stigma. Qualitative interviews with 45 participants revealed recurring themes of spiritual guilt, the paradox of the "Ideal Muslim Mother," and tensions between faith-based meanings of suffering and biomedical mental health care. While religious beliefs provided comfort, meaning, and resilience for many women, they also contributed to moral pressure and self-blame that pathologized psychological distress. The study proposes the Sacred Strain Model, highlighting religion as both a protective resource and a potential burden. Findings underscore …

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Exploring the associations between intersectional discrimination, shame, coping and trauma among Muslim women in Canada.

Muslim women living in Canada commonly experience intersecting gender, race, and religious discrimination. Discrimination experiences are shown to instill feelings of shame and have been found to be related to negative mental health outcomes. Thus, to develop more effective support systems for Muslim women, it is important to understand how intersectional experiences of discrimination relate to shame, coping strategies, and psychological well-being among this population. To this end, this study investigated the association between different forms of discriminations and racial trauma among Muslim women living in Canada. Next, it examined whether shame and coping styles mediate this association. A sample of 91 Muslim women living in Canada completed an online survey measuring their discrimination experiences, shame, racial trauma, and coping style. Findings revealed that greater ethnic and…

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Structural violence and the mental health of asylum-seeking minors: A retrospective directed content analysis.

Worldwide rates of asylum seeking are at a historic high. Globally, there are over 122 million displaced individuals, with youth under 18 comprising approximately 40% of this population. The United States is one of the largest receiving countries for asylum seekers including unaccompanied minors and families seeking asylum. Minors seeking asylum have heightened vulnerability to the adverse effects of structural and subsequent interpersonal violence due to their developmental stage and reliance on adult caregivers. Given this, we conducted a retrospective content analysis of 13 medical-legal affidavits of asylum-seeking youth arriving in the United States between 2016 and 2020 to understand their lived experience and the legal and institutional structures that impact them. Using an ecosocial theoretical framework, we describe how structural violence (e.g., policies that create environment…

matched on protective factors (text), resilience (text)

Adolescent wellbeing after COVID-related school-closings.

Introduction: Research has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns led to increased loneliness and decreased life-satisfaction among adolescents. However, the impact was not uniform, suggesting that certain resources may have served as protective factors. This study adopts a resource-based perspective to identify predictors of adolescent well-being after and at the end of the second COVID-related lockdown, focusing on self-efficacy, social support, and religiosity, as well as the role of a disposition to help. Methods: Using data from a longitudinal sample of 171 German-speaking adolescents aged 15-18 y., assessed at four time points over 6 months, we analyzed which resources during the lockdown period were associated with life-satisfaction and loneliness at the final assessment. Results: Our findings indicate that self-efficacy and general social support were significant …

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Modifiable factors associated with cognitive health trajectories among Indigenous, Hispanic, Black, and White older adults: an exploratory longitudinal panel analysis of the health and retirement study with a focus on Indigenous peoples.

Background: Despite elevated dementia risk, cognitive health among Indigenous older adults remains understudied. This study explored how modifiable factors were associated with cognitive health among Indigenous, Black, Hispanic, and White older adults. Methods: Using longitudinal panel data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2020, N = 27,327), we estimated mixed effect growth curve models to examine associations between modifiable factors and total cognitive function. Findings: This diverse sample of Indigenous (1.65%), Black (11.43%), Hispanic (9.85%), and White (77.07%) older adults had a mean age of 61 (SD = 9.66) and was 52% female. Despite being younger on average (M = 59), 3% of Indigenous respondents reported memory-related diagnoses three times the overall sample rate. Linear mixed-effect growth curve analysis revealed that Indigenous and Black older adults had similar co…

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Rethinking pathways to well-being: the function of faith practice in distress alleviation among displaced Muslim women affected by war.

Background: For many populations globally, coping approaches employed during times of extreme adversity are rooted in religious convictions. Positive religious coping following potentially traumatic events and in times of crisis is widely evidenced as resilience promoting. Despite international mandates for aid and mental health responses to enable such coping, there is limited guidance for work with distinct faith groups and limited quantitative evidence overall. This mixed methods study examined the role of faith in mental health among displaced Muslim women affected by conflict, highlighting implications for responders. Methods: A total of 160 questionnaires, 50 interviews, and four focus groups were conducted among 160 Sunni Muslim women in an Iraqi internally displaced persons (IDP) camp with subjects who had been affected by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) conflict. A to…

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Risk and Protective Factors for the Evolution of Subthreshold Depression During Early Adolescence.

Purpose: Subthreshold depression refers to a condition involving clinically significant depressive symptoms that fall short of meeting the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). Identifying risk and protective factors associated with the progression of subthreshold depression in early life is essential for timely prevention. However, there is limited research on this topic among early adolescents. Methods: This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study to investigate the factors influencing the progression of subthreshold depression in individuals aged 9-13 years. Among 1,020 participants identified with subthreshold depression using the Child Behavior Checklist, 3 clinical outcomes were examined: developing MDD, persistent subthreshold depression, and remission from subthreshold depression. Using 31 diathesis-stress-related variables…

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Mental Health Outcomes Among Female Ukrainian Refugees in Germany-A Mixed Method Approach Exploring Resources and Stressors.

Background: Mental health outcomes among female refugees are complex and multifaceted. This study examines the mental health outcomes and coping resources of female Ukrainian refugees in Germany using a mixed methods approach with qualitative focus groups and quantitative assessments. Methods: This study employs a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Three focus group discussions with fifteen participants were conducted in Hamburg in April 2023. A stepwise qualitative data analysis was done using a deductive coding technique. The quantitative analysis focused on descriptive statistics to summarize the data and provide an overview of participants' mental health and well-being. Results: Our findings show that 43% of participants reported anxiety symptoms, and 21% showed signs of depression-many experienced isolation and disconnection and were strugg…

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Cognitive offloading or cognitive overload? How AI alters the mental architecture of coping

Artificial intelligence (AI) has moved from being a specialized technological tool to an intimate presence in everyday life. Smart assistants organize our schedules, predictive systems anticipate our needs, and therapeutic chatbots promise to listen when no human is available (Zhang & Wang, 2024). The diffusion of AI into mental health care is often framed in highly optimistic terms: technologies that reduce stigma, democratize access, and provide affordable, always-on support (M & N, 2025;Sivasubramanian Balasubramanian, 2023). From meditation applications and emotion-tracking wearables to conversational agents offering cognitive-behavioral interventions, AI is marketed as an efficient and reliable partner in the pursuit of wellbeing (Balcombe, 2023).Beneath this enthusiasm lies a paradox. On one hand, AI enables cognitive offloading: the use of external aids to reduce mental effort and…

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Prevalence and factors associated with resilience in Peruvian adolescent schoolchildren during the early post-pandemic context: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Resilience is a fundamental protective factor during adolescence, as it enables young people to cope with adversity and reduce the risk of mental health disorders. However, evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of resilience in adolescents remains limited in Latin America, particularly in school settings and the post-pandemic context. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of resilience among adolescents from five educational institutions in northern Peru. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2022, in the post-pandemic period, among 1,307 adolescents from five schools in the Lambayeque region, Peru. Data were collected using a self-administered digital questionnaire during school hours. Adolescents who regularly attended classes and completed all required items of the CD-RISC-10 sca…

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Arranged cohabitation among Chinese Muslims.

While modern family-related ideas and behaviors have become more widely accepted in contemporary China, Chinese Muslim minorities continue to hold on to traditional religious practices. Surprisingly, data from our survey conducted in Gansu province in China's northwestern borderlands reveal that Muslims of the Hui and Dongxiang ethnicities reported much higher rates of cohabitation experience than the secular majority Han. Based on follow-up qualitative interviews, we found the answer to lie in the interplay between the highly interventionist Chinese state and the robust cultural resilience of local Islamic communities. While the state maintains a high minimum legal age of marriage, the early marriage norm remains strong in Chinese Muslim communities, where religion constitutes an alternative and often more powerful source of legitimacy-at least in the private sphere of life. Using the 2…

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Death Anxiety and Resilience in Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Attachment Patterns.

The unique human awareness of the fact that life is finite, and that death is unavoidable has been shown to elicit negative psychological consequences across the life cycle. However, research has demonstrated that the ability to seek, maintain, and gain comfort from close relationships mitigates the adverse psychological effects of death awareness/anxiety. Moreover, relatively little is known about how death anxiety and social relationships in old age are associated with resilience, an important personal protective factor for dealing with general and age-related difficulties. Accordingly, the current work examined the links between death anxiety and resilience in older adults and explored the potential moderating role of attachment patterns for this link. Data were collected from 369 older Israeli adults (Mage = 73.15, SD = 6.31, range = 60-94), who completed scales examining death anxie…

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Pilot Evaluation of the Elementary Social-Emotional Learning Program Sources of Strength.

Schools and students have faced a variety of challenges during the 2020-2021 academic year as the COVID-19 pandemic continues. These issues have drawn attention to the increased need for robust social-emotional learning skills at the elementary level to address the deficits exacerbated by the pandemic. Sources of Strength is an evidence-based suicide prevention program for middle and high school students. In 2020, Sources of Strength launched an elementary school curriculum focused on promoting protective factors and resilience. Data were collected across 11 elementary schools (N = 1022; 3-5th graders) in the Great Plains region of the USA at two time points during the COVID-19 pandemic (T1: Fall of 2020, T2: Spring of 2021). We examine the effectiveness of the program using a pre- and post-test design measuring various student social-emotional outcomes including positive classroom clima…

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Religiosity, stress, and depressive symptoms among nursing and medical students during the middle stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Morocco.

Background: Recent studies on nursing and medical students showed a higher prevalence of depression and stress than the general population. Religiosity and spirituality are common in Muslim countries and are usually used as a means of coping strategy for psychological and mental disorders. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the association between religious actions, depressive symptoms, and stress among students of nursing education lasting 3 years and students from the first 3 years of medical education lasting 7 years. The study was conducted at Ibn Zohr University of Agadir, Morocco. Method: A sample of different stages of nursing and medical students was recruited. Religiosity was assessed by Muslim Belief into Action (M.BIAC) scale. The depressive symptoms and stress were, respectively, assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Result…

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