The stance taken toward oneself in failure and pain.
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وَأَنفِقُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا تُلۡقُواْ بِأَيۡدِيكُمۡ إِلَى ٱلتَّهۡلُكَةِ وَأَحۡسِنُوٓاْۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ
Spend in God’s cause: do not contribute to your destruction with your own hands, but do good, for God loves those who do good
۞قُلۡ يَٰعِبَادِيَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَسۡرَفُواْ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ لَا تَقۡنَطُواْ مِن رَّحۡمَةِ ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَغۡفِرُ ٱلذُّنُوبَ جَمِيعًاۚ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلۡغَفُورُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ
Say, ‘[God says], My servants who have harmed yourselves by your own excess, do not despair of God’s mercy. God forgives all sins: He is truly the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَأۡكُلُوٓاْ أَمۡوَٰلَكُم بَيۡنَكُم بِٱلۡبَٰطِلِ إِلَّآ أَن تَكُونَ تِجَٰرَةً عَن تَرَاضࣲ مِّنكُمۡۚ وَلَا تَقۡتُلُوٓاْ أَنفُسَكُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُمۡ رَحِيمࣰ ا
You who believe, do not wrongfully consume each other’s wealth but trade by mutual consent. Do not kill each other, for God is merciful to you
Commentary on the verses above, at most two editions per verse.
Expend in the path of God.... And do what is beautiful. Surely God loves the beautiful-doers. The rich remove money from their wallets, the poor remove the rich from their hearts, and the tawḤīd-voicers remove all creatures from their secret cores-to this He alludes with His words, “Say 'God,' then leave them” [6:91]. The rich let wealth go from their wallets for the sake of the reward of that world, the poor let the rich go from their hearts for the sake of the Lord's religion, and the recognizers let the creatures go for the sake of seeing the Glorified. The rich spend their possessions in alms tax and charity in order to escape from hell, the worshipers spend their souls in the duties of worship to reach paradise, and the recognizers spend their spirits and hearts in the realities of witnessing to reach union with the Real. And do what is beautiful. Surely God loves the beautiful-doer
Say: “O My servants who have been immoderate against yourselves, despair not of God's mercy. Surely God forgives the sins altogether.” Know that among God's creatures, perfect honor belongs to two groups: angels and Adamites. This is why He appointed prophets and messengers from among these two groups rather than any others. Their utmost eminence lies in two things: servanthood and love. Sheer servanthood is the attribute of the angels, and servanthood and love are both attributes of the Adamites. He gave the angels sheer servanthood, which is the attribute of creation. Along with servant- hood He gave the Adamites the robe of love, which is the attribute of the Real. Thus He says con- cerning this community, “He loves them, and they love Him” [5:54]. He also gave the Adamites superiority over the angels in servanthood, for He said that servanthood is the angels' attribute, but without a
And spend in the way of God in obedience to Him in holy struggle and the like; and cast not your own hands yourselves the bā’ of bi-aydīkum ‘with your hands’ is extra into destruction by withholding funds needed for the struggle or abandoning it altogether because this will give your enemy the advantage over you; but be virtuous by spending etc.; God loves the virtuous that is He rewards them.
Say that God declares ‘O My servants who have been prodigal against their own souls do not despair read taqnitū taqnatū or taqnutū do not give up hope of God’s mercy. Truly God forgives all sins for those who repent from idolatry. Truly He is the Forgiving the Merciful.
O you who believe consume not your goods between you wrongly unlawfully according to the Law through usury or usurpation except it be trading tijāratan also read tijāratun so that the goods be from trade effected through mutual agreement through mutual good-will such goods you may consume. And kill not yourselves by committing what leads towards destruction on account of some affiliation be it in this world or the Hereafter. Surely God is ever Merciful to you when He forbids you such things.
O you who believe! Eat not up your property among yourselves unjustly except it be a trade amongst you, by mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves (nor kill one another). Surely, Allah is Most Merciful to you (29)And whoever commits that through aggression and injustice, We shall cast him into the Fire, and that is easy for Allah (30)If you avoid the great sins which you are forbidden to do, We shall remit from you your (small) sins, and admit you to a Noble Entrance (i.e. Paradise)(31) Prohibiting Unlawfully Earned Money Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored, prohibits His believing servants from illegally acquiring each other's property using various dishonest methods such as Riba, gambling and other wicked methods that appear to be legal, but Allah knows that, in reality, those involved seek to deal in interest. Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn 'Abbas commented on a man who buys a garm
Sound narrations only, and never matched by text. A narration appears here because a compiler filed it under a chapter this subject maps to, or because someone read it and anchored it. Each row says which.
حَدَّثَنَا الْمَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ـ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ ـ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " نِعْمَتَانِ مَغْبُونٌ فِيهِمَا كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ، الصِّحَّةُ وَالْفَرَاغُ ". قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ عِيسَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِثْلَهُ.
Narrated Ibn `Abbas:The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There are two blessings that many people are deceived into losing: health and free time
حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمِقْدَامِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفُضَيْلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَهْلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ، كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي الْخَنْدَقِ وَهْوَ يَحْفِرُ وَنَحْنُ نَنْقُلُ التُّرَابَ وَيَمُرُّ بِنَا فَقَالَ " اللَّهُمَّ لاَ عَيْشَ إِلاَّ عَيْشُ الآخِرَهْ، فَاغْفِرْ لِلأَنْصَارِ وَالْمُهَاجِرَهْ ". تَابَعَهُ سَهْلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِثْلَهُ.
Narrated Sahl bin Sa`d As-Sa`idi:We were in the company of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) in (the battle of) Al-Khandaq, and he was digging the trench while we were carrying the earth away. He looked at us and said, "O Allah! There is no life worth living except the life of the Hereafter, so (please) forgive the Ansar and the Emigrants
حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، وَغَيْرُ، وَاحِدٍ، قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عِمْرَانُ الْقَطَّانُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، رضى الله عنه عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ أَكْرَمَ عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ لاَ نَعْرِفُهُ مَرْفُوعًا إِلاَّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ الْقَطَّانِ وَعِمْرَانُ الْقَطَّانُ هُوَ ابْنُ دَاوَرَ وَيُكْنَى أَبَا الْعَوَّامِ . حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ الْقَطَّانِ، بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ نَحْوَهُ .
Abu Hurairah narrated that:The Prophet said: “There is nothing more honorable with Allah [Most High] than supplication.”
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ ذَرٍّ، عَنْ يُسَيْعٍ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " الدُّعَاءُ هُوَ الْعِبَادَةُ " . ثُمَّ قَرَأََ : (وقالَ رَبُّكُمُ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِي سَيَدْخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَاخِرِينَ ) . قَالَ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مَنْصُورٌ وَالأَعْمَشُ عَنْ ذَرٍّ وَلاَ نَعْرِفُهُ إِلاَّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ذَرٍّ . هُوَ ذَرُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ ثِقَةٌ وَالِدُ عُمَرَ بْنِ ذَرٍّ .
An-Nu`man bin Bashir narrated that:The Prophet said: “The supplication, is worship.” Then he recited: And Your Lord said: “Call upon me, I will respond to you. Verily, those who scorn My worship, they will surely enter Hell humiliated
Arabic originals, reached through the subject’s Arabic senses. Interpretive sources, never proof of a ruling.
قال تعالى أينما تكونوا يدرككم الموت ولو كنتم في بروج مشيدة النساء وقال تعالى ولا تلقوا بأيديكم إلى التهلكة البقرة
يتناول المشتهى من الحلو والعسل وغيرهما، فلا يلتفت إلى زاهد قل علمه، فحرم نفسه حظها من المشتهى على الإطلاق، فإنه إلى الظلم أقرب منه إلى العدل، وإنما يترك المشتهى إذا صعبت الطريق إليه، مثل أن لا يحصل إلا بوجه مكروه، أو يخاف من تناوله انحلال عزمه، فتطمع النفس في استدامته، أو يحذر من ذلك زيادة شبع، فيثقله عن عبادته، فأما تناوله في بعض الأوقات لتقوية النفس، فذلك كالطب للمريض، يمدح ولا يذم، ولا بأس بالرفق بالنفس لتقوى على السلوك. ### | 5 بيان علامات حسن الخلق
وأما استقراء الآيات والأخبار، فمن ذلك قوله سبحانه وتعالى: {قل يا عبادي الذين أسرفوا على أنفسهم لا تقنطوا من رحمة الله إن الله يغفر الذنوب جميعا} [الزمر: 53]. وقال تعالى: {والملائكة يسبحون بحمد ربهم ويستغفرون لمن في الأرض} [الشورى: 4].
نختم الكتاب بذكر سعة رحمة الله عز وجل، نرجو بذلك فضله، إذ ليس لنا أعمال نرجو بها العفو، لكن نرجو ذلك من رحمته وكرمه، قال الله تعالى: {قل يا عبادي الذين أسرفوا على أنفسهم لا تقنطوا من رحمة الله إن الله يغفر الذنوب جميعا إنه هو الغفور الرحيم} [الزمر: 53].
فقد قال الله تعالى إن الله لا يغفر أن يشرك به ويغفر ما دون ذلك لمن يشاء وقال تعالى قل يا عبادى الذين أسرفوا على أنفسهم لا تقنطوا من رحمة الله إن الله يغفر الذنوب جميعا إنه هو الغفور الرحيم وقال تعالى ومن يعمل سوءا أو يظلم نفسه ثم يستغفر الله يجد الله غفورا رحيما
قال الله تعالى @QB@ قل يا عبادي الذين أسرفوا على أنفسهم لا تقنطوا من رحمة الله إن الله يغفر الذنوب جميعا إنه هو الغفور الرحيم @QE@ الزمر وقال تعالى @QB@ وهل نجازي إلا الكفور @QE@ سبأ وقال تعالى @QB@ إنا قد أوحي إلينا أن العذاب على من كذب وتولى @QE@ طه وقال تعالى ^ ورحمتي وسعت كل شيء ^ الأعراف
Peer-reviewed work held with its DOI and abstract, labelled with the study design its publication types report. None of it has been read or assessed, so nothing here may be cited as showing anything. Retracted work is held for the record but never listed; a review that a later version replaced is listed under its replacement and marked.
A meta-analysis of disordered eating and its association with self-criticism and self-compassion.: Objective: Future treatments for eating disorders (ED) need to be enhanced by targeting maintaining mechanisms. Literature suggests self-criticism and self-critical perfectionism act as key mechanisms exacerbating ED, and self-compassion protects against self-criticism. This meta-analysis examines associations between self-criticism and self-critical perfectionism on disordered eating (DE), and reviews how self-compassion and self-criticism relate to each other with respect to DE. Method: Search
A Review of Self-Compassion as an Active Ingredient in the Prevention and Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Young People.: Previous meta-analyses have found higher self-compassion is associated with lower anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of self-compassion as an active ingredient in the treatment and prevention of anxiety and depression in youth. This was conducted through (i) a systematic review of the literature and (ii) qualitative consultation with young people and researchers in self-compassion. Fifty studies met our inclusion criteria. Eight studies evaluated self-c
An Internet-Based Compassion-Focused Intervention for Increased Self-Criticism: A Randomized Controlled Trial.: Increased levels of self-criticism and a lack of self-compassion have been associated with the development and maintenance of a range of psychological disorders. In the current study, we tested the efficacy of an online version of a compassion-focused intervention, mindfulness-based compassionate living (MBCL), with guidance on request. A total of 122 self-referred participants with increased levels of self-criticism were randomly assigned to care as usual (CAU) or the intervention group (CAU +
Effectiveness of self-compassion-related interventions for reducing self-criticism: A systematic review and meta-analysis.: Self-criticism is the process of negative self-evaluation. High levels are associated with psychopathology and poorer therapeutic outcomes. Self-compassion interventions were developed to explicitly target self-criticism. The aim of this review was to estimate the overall effect of self-compassion-related interventions on self-criticism outcomes and investigate potential moderating variables. A systematic search of the literature identified 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inc
The effectiveness of compassion focused therapy with clinical populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.: Background: Over the last 20 years, compassion focused therapy (CFT) has gained popularity as an emerging 'third wave' intervention. Although previous reviews indicated its potential benefits, a systematic review and meta-analysis of CFT in those with mental health difficulties has yet to be conducted. Methods: A systematic search of five databases was undertaken, focusing on randomised controlled trials and randomised pilot/feasibility studies of CFT only. No language restrictions were implemen
On the Edge of Psychopathology: Strong Relations Between Reversed Self-compassion and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Young People.: Self-compassion is assumed to have a protective role in the etiology of emotional problems in adolescents. This assumption is primarily based on correlational data revealing negative correlations between the total score on the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and symptom measures of anxiety and depression. Recently, however, the SCS has been criticized because this scale not only consists of items measuring compassionate self-responding (i.e., self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness), but als
Mindfulness-Based Program for Infertility: efficacy study.
Objective: To present and determine the impact of the Mindfulness-Based Program for Infertility (MBPI). Design: Controlled clinical trial. Setting: University research unit. Patient(s): Fifty-five infertile women completed the MBPI, and 37 infertile women were assigned to a control group. Intervention(s): The MBPI includes 10 weekly sessions, in a group format, with a duration of about 2 hours each (men attend three sessions). Main outcome measure(s): Standardized measures of depression, state anxiety, entrapment, defeat, internal and external shame, experiential avoidance, mindfulness, self-compassion, and infertility self-efficacy were endorsed pre- and post-MBPI. Result(s): The MBPI group and the control group were shown to be equivalent at baseline. By the end of the MBPI, women who attended the program revealed a significant decrease in depressive symptoms, internal and external sha…
matched on self-compassion (text), Shame (mesh)
A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self-compassion program.
Objectives: The aim of these two studies was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) program, an 8-week workshop designed to train people to be more self-compassionate. Methods: Study 1 was a pilot study that examined change scores in self-compassion, mindfulness, and various wellbeing outcomes among community adults (N = 21; mean [M] age = 51.26, 95% female). Study 2 was a randomized controlled trial that compared a treatment group (N = 25; M age = 51.21; 78% female) with a waitlist control group (N = 27; M age = 49.11; 82% female). Results: Study 1 found significant pre/post gains in self-compassion, mindfulness, and various wellbeing outcomes. Study 2 found that compared with the control group, intervention participants reported significantly larger increases in self-compassion, mindfulness, and wellbeing. Gains were maintained at 6-month and 1-year follow-u…
matched on self-compassion (text), Empathy (mesh)
Development and validation of the forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale-Short Form.
Studies investigating the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) are growing rapidly. As CFT is oriented toward helping people deal with internal processes of self-to-self-relating, having instruments to measure these processes is important. The 22-item Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) has been found a useful measure. In the present study, a 14-item short form of the FSCRS (FSCRS-SF) suited to studies requiring brief measures was developed and tested in a Dutch community sample (N = 363), and cross-validated in a sample consisting of participants in a study on the effectiveness of a guided self-help compassion training (N = 243). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated acceptable to good fit of the FSCRS-SF items to a three-factor model. Findings regarding internal consistency were inconsistent, with Study 1 showing adequate internal c…
matched on self-criticism (text), Empathy (mesh), Self-Assessment (mesh), compassion-focused (text)
Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on psychological distress, well-being, and maternal self-efficacy in breast-feeding mothers: results of a pilot study.
Several pilot studies have provided evidence that mindfulness-based intervention is beneficial during pregnancy, yet its effects in mothers during the early parenting period are unknown. The purpose of the present pilot study was to examine the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention in breast-feeding mothers. We developed and tested an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention aimed at improving maternal self-efficacy, mindfulness, self-compassion, satisfaction with life, and subjective happiness, and at reducing psychological distress. A randomized controlled, between-groups design was used with treatment and control groups (n = 26) and pretest and posttest measures. ANCOVA results indicated that, compared to the control group, mothers in the treatment group scored significantly higher on maternal self-efficacy, some dimensions of mindfulness (observing, acting with awareness, no…
matched on self-compassion (text), self-kindness (text)
Novel online daily diary interventions for nonsuicidal self-injury: a randomized controlled trial.
Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), which involves self-damaging behavior (e.g., cutting) causes tissue damage and places people at elevated risk for future suicidal behaviors. Yet few specific treatments for NSSI currently exist. Extreme self-criticism is implicated in the development and maintenance of NSSI. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate Autobiographical Self-Enhancement Training (ASET), a novel, cognitive intervention for NSSI focused on reducing self-criticism and enhancing positive self-worth. We also examined whether Expressive Writing (EW) was a helpful treatment for NSSI. Method: Participants (N = 144) who had engaged in NSSI at least twice in the past month were recruited online and then randomly assigned via Qualtrics to receive the ASET intervention (N = 49), the EW intervention (N = 49), or Daily Journaling [JNL; N = 46]), an active comparison…
matched on self-criticism (text), Self-Assessment (mesh)
Dependency and self-criticism in treatments for depression.
Dependency and self-criticism are vulnerability factors for depression. How these personality factors change with treatment for depression and how they relate to symptom change across different types of treatment require further research. In addition, cultural differences that interact with the dependency/self-criticism-depression relation remain underinvestigated. We randomly assigned 149 adults with major depression to receive active medication (MED; n = 50), supportive-expressive therapy (SET; n = 49), or placebo pill (PBO; n = 50). Participants completed the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt, D'Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976) before and after treatment and completed the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Hamilton, 1967) throughout the course of treatment. Self-criticism as measured on the DEQ decreased with treatment similarly across conditions. DEQ Dependency decreased …
matched on self-criticism (text), Self-Assessment (mesh)
Interpersonal problems, dependency, and self-criticism in major depressive disorder.
Objectives: The goal of the present research was the examination of overlap between 2 research traditions on interpersonal personality traits in major depression. We hypothesized that Blatt's (2004) dimensions of depressive experiences around the dimensions of relatedness (i.e., dependency) and self-definition (i.e., self-criticism) are associated with specific interpersonal problems according to the interpersonal circumplex model (Leary, 1957). In addition, we examined correlations of interpersonal characteristics with depression severity. Method: Analyses were conducted on 283 patients with major depressive disorder combined from 2 samples. Of the patients, 151 participated in a randomized controlled trial in the United States, and 132 patients were recruited in an inpatient unit in Germany. Patients completed measures of symptomatic distress, interpersonal problems, and depressive exp…
matched on self-criticism (text), Self-Assessment (mesh)
Expressive writing, self-criticism, and self-reassurance.
Objectives: Self-criticism and reassurance are important mechanisms for regulating negative emotions but relatively little attention has been paid to interventions aimed at improving them. Design: This study explored the use of an expressive writing task to increase self-reassurance and reduce self-criticism using a randomized controlled design. Method: A total of 46 participants wrote either about life goals (the expressive writing task, n= 23) or a control topic (a review of a recent book or film, n= 23) for 15 min, three times within an hour. Measures of self-criticism/self-reassurance, stress, and positive affect were completed at baseline and at 2-week follow-up. The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) was used to analyse the writing of participants in the 'life goals' condition to identify psychological processes that might differentiate those who improved and those who did no…
matched on self-criticism (text), Self-Assessment (mesh)
Effects of intranasal oxytocin on 'compassion focused imagery'.
This study explored the effects of oxytocin on Compassion Focused Imagery (CFI), that is, imagining another "mind" being deeply compassionate to oneself, and the interaction of these effects with self-criticism and feeling socially safe with others. Forty-four healthy participants (29 men and 15 women) completed self-report measures of self-criticism, attachment style, and social safeness before taking part in a double-blind randomized placebo controlled study. They attended two imagery sessions, receiving oxytocin in one and a placebo in the other. Positive affect was measured before and after each imagery session, and "imagery experience" was assessed after each session. Overall, oxytocin increased the ease of imagining compassionate qualities but there were important individual differences in how CFI was experienced. Participants higher in self-criticism, lower in self-reassurance, so…
matched on self-criticism (text), Empathy (mesh)
Compassion-focused therapy for body weight shame: A mixed methods pilot trial.
Individuals with bigger bodies (body mass index greater than 30) often experience body weight shame and are at increased risk for mental health vulnerabilities such as depression and anxiety. To date, there have been no studies specifically designed and pilot tested to help with body weight shame for individuals with bigger bodies that do not have a diagnosed clinical condition. The aim of current study is to investigate the initial feasibility of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) as a 12-session group intervention for the reduction in body weight shame for individuals with bigger bodies. The study used a mixed method repeated measure design, with both quantitative and qualitative measures, to assess the initial feasibility of the CFT group-based intervention. Participants (N = 5) attended a 12-session/2-h group CFT programme aimed to directly target body weight shame by cultivating compa…
matched on Empathy (mesh), Shame (mesh), compassion-focused (text)
Efficacy of a transdiagnostic, prevention-focused program for at-risk young adults: a waitlist-controlled trial.
Background: Prevention programs that are 'transdiagnostic' may be more cost-effective and beneficial, in terms of reducing levels of psychopathology in the general population, than those focused on a specific disorder. This randomized controlled study evaluated the efficacy of one such intervention program called Resilience Training (RT). Methods: College students who reported mildly elevated depressive or subclinical psychotic symptoms ('psychotic experiences' (PEs)) (n = 107) were randomized to receiving RT (n = 54) or to a waitlist control condition (n = 53). RT consists of a four-session intervention focused on improving resilience through the acquisition of mindfulness, self-compassion, and mentalization skills. Measures of symptoms and these resilience-enhancing skills were collected before and after the 4-week RT/waitlist period, with a follow-up assessment 12-months later. Result…
matched on self-compassion (text), Self-Compassion (keyword)
Cognitive-affective responses to online positive-psychological interventions: The effects of optimistic, grateful, and self-compassionate writing.
Growing evidence suggests that online positive-psychological interventions effectively increase well-being, and a wealth of evidence describes cognitive-affective responses to such interventions. Few studies, however, have directly compared responses across popular exercises such as the best-possible-self intervention, the gratitude letter, or self-compassionate writing. In addition, current evidence is ambiguous regarding the effects of potential moderator variables such as trait gratitude and emotional self-awareness. To address these issues, we randomized 432 German adults to perform either optimism, gratitude, self-compassion, or control writing interventions in an online setting. Participants reported trait gratitude and trait emotional self-awareness before the interventions, as well as momentary optimism, gratitude, self-compassion, positive affect, and current thoughts immediatel…
matched on self-compassion (text), Self-Compassion (keyword)
A randomized control trial of Expand Your Horizon: An intervention for women with weight bias internalization.
Weight bias internalization (WBI) is associated with a myriad of negative health outcomes, but there are few effective treatments that address this concern. This randomized controlled trial examined the preliminary effectiveness of a previously developed body gratitude journaling intervention (i.e., Expand Your Horizon) compared with an active control writing condition (i.e., expressive writing) in emerging adult women with WBI. Participants (N = 135) completed baseline measures and were then randomized to either Expand Your Horizon (n = 72) or the active control condition (n = 63). Participants in both conditions completed three writing tasks over one week. Assessments occurred at baseline, post-test, and follow-up (one-week). Participants in both conditions experienced improvements in WBI, functionality appreciation, and self-compassion at follow-up, though improvements were greater in…
matched on self-compassion (text), Self-Compassion (keyword)
Emotion-focused group therapy among women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A randomized clinical trial.
ObjectivePremenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) contributes to couple burnout, reduced quality of life, sexual dysfunction, and social isolation. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused group therapy (EFGT) in pain perception, self-compassion, sexual function, and couple burnout in women with PMDD. Method: Among married females with PMDD, 72 participants were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and waitlist control groups. EFGT was performed in 10 sessions for the subjects in the experimental groups. The McGill Pain Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale, Female Sexual Function Index and Couple Burnout Measure were used to collect data in the pre-test and post-test. To analyze the data, an analysis of covariance test was applied. Results: The findings demonstrated that EFGT was effective in pain perception (p < .001, η2=.80), self-compassion (…
matched on self-compassion (text), Self-Compassion (keyword)
Effects of self-compassion workbook training on trauma-related guilt in a sample of homeless veterans: a pilot study.
Objective: The present pilot study examined the effects of a 4-week-long self-administered self-compassion training on trauma-related guilt and compared it to a stress inoculation control group. Method: A total of 47 homeless male veterans who were living in transitional housing facilities volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to either a self-compassion (N = 13) or a stress inoculation (N = 14) group and were asked to complete pre-, mid-, and postintervention assessments measuring changes in self-compassion, trauma-related guilt, and posttraumatic stress disorder severity. Results: Participants in both interventions reported increased levels of self-compassion and equal reductions in trauma-related guilt. No other significant changes were noted. Conclusions: The results from this pilot study provide preliminary evidence for the use of self-compass…
matched on self-compassion (text), Self-Compassion (keyword)
Contemplative/emotion training reduces negative emotional behavior and promotes prosocial responses.
Contemplative practices are believed to alleviate psychological problems, cultivate prosocial behavior and promote self-awareness. In addition, psychological science has developed tools and models for understanding the mind and promoting well-being. Additional effort is needed to combine frameworks and techniques from these traditions to improve emotional experience and socioemotional behavior. An 8-week intensive (42 hr) meditation/emotion regulation training intervention was designed by experts in contemplative traditions and emotion science to reduce "destructive enactment of emotions" and enhance prosocial responses. Participants were 82 healthy female schoolteachers who were randomly assigned to a training group or a wait-list control group, and assessed preassessment, postassessment, and 5 months after training completion. Assessments included self-reports and experimental tasks to…
matched on Empathy (mesh), Self-Assessment (mesh)
Differential effects of mindful breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and loving-kindness meditation on decentering and negative reactions to repetitive thoughts.
Decentering has been proposed as a potential mechanism of mindfulness-based interventions but has received limited empirical examination to date in experimental studies comparing mindfulness meditation to active comparison conditions. In the present study, we compared the immediate effects of mindful breathing (MB) to two alternative stress-management techniques: progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and loving-kindness meditation (LKM) to test whether decentering is unique to mindfulness meditation or common across approaches. Novice meditators (190 female undergraduates) were randomly assigned to complete one of three 15-min stress-management exercises (MB, PMR, or LKM) presented by audio recording. Immediately after the exercise, participants completed measures of decentering, frequency of repetitive thoughts during the exercise, and degree of negative reaction to thoughts. As predicted…
matched on Empathy (mesh), Self-Assessment (mesh)
Cognitive behavioral therapy versus compassion focused therapy for adult patients with eating disorders with and without childhood trauma: A randomized controlled trial in an intensive treatment setting.
Objective: Treatments for eating disorders are moderately effective, with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) providing the strongest evidence. However, it remains important to investigate other interventions, particularly for eating disorders with greater complexity (e.g., substantial comorbidity; trauma history) or for patients who have not responded adequately to previous treatments. Method: This randomized controlled trial compared CBT against compassion-focused therapy for eating disorders (CFT-E), where half of the sample had a childhood trauma history. The study was pre-registered and adequately powered. A total of 130 patients were randomly assigned to CBT or CFT-E and were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment and one-year follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the total score on the Eating Disorder Examination-Interview (EDE), and secondary outcome measures were the Sympto…
matched on Empathy (mesh), compassion-focused (text)
Group-based Compassion-focused Therapy on Experiential Avoidance, Meaning-in-life, and Sense of Coherence in Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence with PTSD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
The current study was carried out to investigate the effects of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on experiential avoidance, meaning-in-life, and sense of coherence (SoC) in women suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to the intimate partner violence (IPV).42 women suffering from PTSD due to the IPV exposure were randomized to the two groups of experimental and control (21 per group). All participants completed the questionnaires of experiential avoidance, meaning-in-life, and SoC as pre-test measures. The experimental group received eight sessions of CFT, while the controls did not receive any treatment. After that, all subjects responded to the questionnaires of experiential avoidance, meaning-in-life, and SoC as the post-test measures. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures MANOVA.Subjects of the experimental group indicated a greater reduction in post-te…
matched on Empathy (mesh), compassion-focused (text)
Group-based compassion-focused therapy for prolonged grief symptoms in adults - Results from a randomized controlled trial.
Prolonged grief disorder is a debilitating condition, which affects approximately one out of ten who lose a loved one. While existing meta-analyses have synthesized evidence regarding the overall effect of psychological interventions for pathological grief across different types of psychotherapy, it remains clinically relevant to explore whether specific types of psychological interventions are efficacious in the treatment of grief. The present study investigated the efficacy of group-based Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) for adults who had lost a spouse or a parent, and who reported clinically relevant levels of prolonged grief symptoms (PGS) at 11 months post-loss. A total of 82 participants were randomized to the CFT group (n = 42) or the waitlist control (n = 40). Time × group interactions showed no statistically significant effects of the intervention on the primary outcome PGS at …
matched on Empathy (mesh), compassion-focused (text)
Compassion-Focused Therapy: Proof of Concept Trial on Suicidal Ideation and Cognitive Distortions in Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence With PTSD.
This proof of concept trial aimed to assess the pre-post differences in suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions in the compassion-focused therapy (CFT), and to compare the psychological improvement in the experimental group to a control group. A total of 42 women suffering from PTSD due to exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) were randomized to the experimental and control groups (21 per group). All participants completed the questionnaires of suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions as pretest measures. Subjects of the experimental group received 8 CFT sessions, while the controls did not receive any therapy. Then, all subjects responded to the questionnaires of suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions as the posttest measures. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures MANOVA. Subjects of the experimental group indicated a greater reduction in post-test scores …
matched on Empathy (mesh), compassion-focused (text)
Exploring compassionate attributes and skills among individuals participating in compassion-focused therapy for enhancing well-being.
Objectives: The conceptual approach of compassion underlying compassion-focused therapy (CFT) is based on theoretical rather than empirical grounds. The aim of the present study was to seek empirical support for components of compassion as outlined in the theoretical model underpinning CFT, and to explore which components, if any, matter most for improving well-being. Design: A sequential exploratory mixed methods design was employed. Methods: Alongside a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we systematically examined 625 emails sent by 87 RCT participants to five counsellors during the course of a well-being enhancing CFT self-help intervention, to identify theoretically based compassionate attributes and skills. Next, in a quantitative analysis, we compared participants who did and did not show clinically relevant improvement on well-being with regard to the occurrence of compassionate a…
matched on Empathy (mesh), compassion-focused (text)
Development and Validation of the Self-Compassion Scale for Youth.
We present a series of studies on the development and validation of the Self-Compassion Scale-Youth version (SCS-Y), which is intended for use with early adolescents in middle school. Study 1 (N = 279, Mage = 12.17) describes the selection of 17 items out of a pool of 36 potential items, with three items each representing the subscales of self-kindness, mindfulness, common humanity, self-judgment, isolation, and two items representing over-identification. Using state-of-the-art psychometric analyses ideal for examining multidimensional constructs like self-compassion-bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (bifactor-ESEM)-findings supported the use of a general self-compassion score and six subscale scores. Study 2 cross-validated the factor structure of the SCS-Y with a second sample of youths (N = 402, Mage = 12.43). Study 3 found support for the test-retest reliability of th…
matched on self-compassion (text), Empathy (mesh), self-kindness (text)
Dimensionality of self-compassion: translation and construct validation of the self-compassion scale in an Italian sample.
Background: The construct of self-compassion is receiving increased attention due to its strong link to mental health. Nonetheless, many questions concerning its dimensionality and construct validity remain open. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factorial structure and construct validity of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in a sample of 424 Italian participants ranging in age from 17 to 65 years. Method: SCS was translated with a back-translation procedure and then administered through an on-line survey, along with measures of self-blame, subjective loneliness, emotion regulation, depression and anxiety. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the six-factor model both in the overall sample and in gender and age subgroups. CFA did not support the single higher-order factor of self-compassion, originally found by the author of the scale. Negative associati…
matched on self-compassion (text), Empathy (mesh), self-kindness (text)
Controlled clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of a mindfulness and self-compassion 4-session programme versus an 8-session programme to reduce work stress and burnout in family and community medicine physicians and nurses: MINDUUDD study protocol.
Background: Health personnel are susceptible to high levels of work stress and burnout due to the psychological and emotional demands of their work, as well as to other aspects related to the organisation of that work. This paper describes the rationale and design of the MINDUUDD study, the aim of which is to evaluate the effectiveness of a mindfulness and self-compassion 4-session programme versus the standard 8-session programme to reduce work stress and burnout in Family and Community Medicine and Nursing tutors and residents. Methods: The MINDUDD study is a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial with three parallel arms. Six Teaching Units will be randomised to one of the three study groups: 1) Experimental Group-8 (EG8); 2) Experimental Group-4 (EG4) Control group (CG). At least 132 subjects will participate (66 tutors/66 residents), 44 in the EG8, 44 in the EG4, and 44 in …
matched on self-compassion (text), Empathy (mesh)
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