Tobacco and alcohol specifically.
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Qurʾān
القرآن6 shownVerses named for this subject by hand come first. The rest are found by the subject’s own Arabic and English senses and are shown as lexical matches, not as anchors anyone has confirmed.
Qur'ān 2:219Arabic sense: الخمر, خمر
۞يَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلۡخَمۡرِ وَٱلۡمَيۡسِرِۖ قُلۡ فِيهِمَآ إِثۡمࣱ كَبِيرࣱ وَمَنَٰفِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَإِثۡمُهُمَآ أَكۡبَرُ مِن نَّفۡعِهِمَاۗ وَيَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنفِقُونَۖ قُلِ ٱلۡعَفۡوَۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ
They ask you [Prophet] about intoxicants and gambling: say, ‘There is great sin in both, and some benefit for people: the sin is greater than the benefit.’ They ask you what they should give: say, ‘Give what you can spare.’ In this way, God makes His messages clear to you, so that you may reflect
Qur'ān 5:90Arabic sense: الخمر, خمر
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِنَّمَا ٱلۡخَمۡرُ وَٱلۡمَيۡسِرُ وَٱلۡأَنصَابُ وَٱلۡأَزۡلَٰمُ رِجۡسࣱ مِّنۡ عَمَلِ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ فَٱجۡتَنِبُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ
You who believe, intoxicants and gambling, idolatrous practices, and [divining with] arrows are repugnant acts- Satan’s doing- shun them so that you may prosper
Qur'ān 5:91Arabic sense: الخمر, خمر
إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ أَن يُوقِعَ بَيۡنَكُمُ ٱلۡعَدَٰوَةَ وَٱلۡبَغۡضَآءَ فِي ٱلۡخَمۡرِ وَٱلۡمَيۡسِرِ وَيَصُدَّكُمۡ عَن ذِكۡرِ ٱللَّهِ وَعَنِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِۖ فَهَلۡ أَنتُم مُّنتَهُونَ
With intoxicants and gambling, Satan seeks only to incite enmity and hatred among you, and to stop you remembering God and prayer. Will you not give them up
Qur'ān 12:36Arabic sense: خمر
وَدَخَلَ مَعَهُ ٱلسِّجۡنَ فَتَيَانِۖ قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَآ إِنِّيٓ أَرَىٰنِيٓ أَعۡصِرُ خَمۡرࣰ اۖ وَقَالَ ٱلۡأٓخَرُ إِنِّيٓ أَرَىٰنِيٓ أَحۡمِلُ فَوۡقَ رَأۡسِي خُبۡزࣰ ا تَأۡكُلُ ٱلطَّيۡرُ مِنۡهُۖ نَبِّئۡنَا بِتَأۡوِيلِهِۦٓۖ إِنَّا نَرَىٰكَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ
Two young men went into prison alongside him. One of them said, ‘I dreamed that I was pressing grapes’; the other said, ‘I dreamed that I was carrying bread on my head and that the birds were eating it.’ [They said], ‘Tell us what this means- we can see that you are a knowledgeable man.’
Qur'ān 12:41Arabic sense: خمر
يَٰصَٰحِبَيِ ٱلسِّجۡنِ أَمَّآ أَحَدُكُمَا فَيَسۡقِي رَبَّهُۥ خَمۡرࣰ اۖ وَأَمَّا ٱلۡأٓخَرُ فَيُصۡلَبُ فَتَأۡكُلُ ٱلطَّيۡرُ مِن رَّأۡسِهِۦۚ قُضِيَ ٱلۡأَمۡرُ ٱلَّذِي فِيهِ تَسۡتَفۡتِيَانِ
Fellow prisoners, one of you will serve his master with wine; the other will be crucified and the birds will peck at his head. That is the end of the matter on which you asked my opinion.’
Qur'ān 24:31Arabic sense: خمر
وَقُل لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِ يَغۡضُضۡنَ مِنۡ أَبۡصَٰرِهِنَّ وَيَحۡفَظۡنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ وَلَا يُبۡدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنۡهَاۖ وَلۡيَضۡرِبۡنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَىٰ جُيُوبِهِنَّۖ وَلَا يُبۡدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا لِبُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوۡ ءَابَآئِهِنَّ أَوۡ ءَابَآءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوۡ أَبۡنَآئِهِنَّ أَوۡ أَبۡنَآءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوۡ إِخۡوَٰنِهِنَّ أَوۡ بَنِيٓ إِخۡوَٰنِهِنَّ أَوۡ بَنِيٓ أَخَوَٰتِهِنَّ أَوۡ نِسَآئِهِنَّ أَوۡ مَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُهُنَّ أَوِ ٱلتَّٰبِعِينَ غَيۡرِ أُوْلِي ٱلۡإِرۡبَةِ مِنَ ٱلرِّجَالِ أَوِ ٱلطِّفۡلِ ٱلَّذِينَ لَمۡ يَظۡهَرُواْ عَلَىٰ عَوۡرَٰتِ ٱلنِّسَآءِۖ وَلَا يَضۡرِبۡنَ بِأَرۡجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعۡلَمَ مَا يُخۡفِينَ مِن زِينَتِهِنَّۚ وَتُوبُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ جَمِيعًا أَيُّهَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ
And tell believing women that they should lower their glances, guard their private parts, and not display their charms beyond what [it is acceptable] to reveal; they should let their headscarves fall to cover their necklines and not reveal their charms except to their husbands, their fathers, their husbands’ fathers, their sons, their husbands’ sons, their brothers, their brothers’ sons, their sisters’ sons, their womenfolk, their slaves, such men as attend them who have no sexual desire, or children who are not yet aware of women’s nakedness; they should not stamp their feet so as to draw attention to any hidden charms. Believers, all of you, turn to God so that you may prosper
Research library, full list
701 to 725 of 1,238Social and school connectedness in early secondary school as predictors of late teenage substance use, mental health, and academic outcomes.
Purpose: To examine associations between social relationships and school engagement in early secondary school and mental health, substance use, and educational achievement 2-4 years later.
Methods: School-based longitudinal study of secondary school students, surveyed at school in Year 8 (13-14-years-old) and Year 10 (16-years-old), and 1-year post-secondary school. A total of 2678 Year 8 students (74%) participated in the first wave of data collection. For the school-based surveys, attrition was <10%. Seventy-one percent of the participating Year 8 students completed the post-secondary school survey.
Results: Having both good school and social connectedness in Year 8 was associated with the best outcomes in later years. In contrast, participants with low school connectedness but good social connectedness were at elevated risk of anxiety/depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR]: 1.3; 95% con…
matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh), Smoking (mesh)
Depressive symptoms, omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids, and inflammation in older adults.
Objective: To address how interactions between polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels and depressive symptoms were related to proinflammatory cytokine synthesis. Depression and stress promote proinflammatory cytokine production. Dietary intakes of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs also influence inflammation; high n-6:n-3 ratios enhance proinflammatory cytokine production, although n-3 has anti-inflammatory properties.
Methods: Blood samples from 43 older adults (mean age = 66.67 years, SD = 10.09) provided data on PUFAs and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-6 soluble receptor (sIL-6r). Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.
Results: Depressive symptoms and n-6:n-3 ratios worked together to enhance proinflammatory cytokines beyond the contribution provided by either variable alone, with substantial v…
matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh), Smoking (mesh)
Correlates of alcohol and tobacco use among Mexican immigrants in rural North Carolina.
This study examined the relationship among sociodemographic, cultural, and psychological factors associated with alcohol and tobacco use among Mexican immigrants in the rural south. Questionnaires including sociodemographics, alcohol and tobacco use, acculturation, and stress were administered to 173 Mexican immigrants residing in rural eastern North Carolina. Gender, preimmigration use, and occupational/economic stress were significant predictors for alcohol use, with preimmigration use significant for tobacco use, suggesting that alcohol and tobacco use may be related to previous behavior, rather than acculturation to American society. Stress, setting, and preimmigration substance use would be important factors to address in the immigrant's health history.
matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh), Smoking (mesh)
The epidemiology of psychiatric disorders among repeat DUI offenders accepting a treatment-sentencing option.
Psychiatric comorbidity likely contributes to driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol among repeat offenders. This study presents one of the first descriptions of the prevalence and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders among repeat DUI offenders in treatment. Participants included all consenting eligible admissions (N = 729) to a 2-week inpatient treatment facility for court-sentenced repeat DUI offenders (i.e., offenders electing treatment in place of prison time) from April 17, 2005, to April 23, 2006. Participants completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, which assessed the following disorders using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994): alcohol use and drug use, bipolar, generalized anxiety, posttraumatic stress, intermittent explosive, conduct, attention deficit, nicotine depen…
matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh), Alcoholism (mesh)
Is religion or culture the key feature in changes in substance use after leaving school? Young Punjabis and a comparison group in Glasgow.
Aims: To establish levels of use of tobacco, alcohol and illegal drugs among 18-20 year old men and women of Asian (Punjabi) and non-Asian origin compared with levels four years earlier and consider the role of religion and culture in abstinent behaviour.
Design: Structured self-complete questionnaire used with 94% of pupils with South Asian names recorded by the Greater Glasgow education department in 1991 and a proportionate random sample of pupils in the same years who did not have South Asian names. Followed up in 1996 in an interviewer-led structured questionnaire in their own homes.
Setting: Greater Glasgow, largest city in the west of Scotland.
Participants: Eight hundred and twenty-four overwhelmingly British-born 14-15 year olds in 1992, 492 followed up aged 18-20 years in 1996.
Measurements: Self-report measures of ever having tried alcohol, tobacco and drugs and the quantities…
matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh), Smoking (mesh)
Poortinga W (2006)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPreventive medicine106 citations Do health behaviors mediate the association between social capital and health?
Introduction: There is increasing evidence that social capital is important for people's health. However, there is still considerable disagreement about the specific pathways that links social capital to health. This study investigates the hypothesis that the association between social capital and health is mediated by people's health behaviors.
Method: Data from the 2002 Health Survey for England (n = 7394) were used and analyzed from a multilevel perspective. The association between social capital and self-rated health were examined before and after controlling for smoking, alcohol intake, and fruit/vegetable consumption.
Results: Social capital was found to be associated with self-rated health, as well as with the different health behaviors. In addition, the health behaviors were significantly related to self-rated health. However, controlling for smoking, alcohol intake, and fruit/ve…
matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh), Smoking (mesh)
College drinking behaviors: mediational links between parenting styles, impulse control, and alcohol-related outcomes.
Mediational links between parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive), impulsiveness (general control), drinking control (specific control), and alcohol use and abuse were tested. A pattern-mixture approach (for modeling non-ignorable missing data) with multiple-group structural equation models with 421 (206 female, 215 male) college students was used. Gender was examined as a potential moderator of parenting styles on control processes related to drinking. Specifically, the parent-child gender match was found to have implications for increased levels of impulsiveness (a significant mediator of parenting effects on drinking control). These findings suggest that a parent with a permissive parenting style who is the same gender as the respondent can directly influence control processes and indirectly influence alcohol use and abuse.
matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh), Alcoholism (mesh)
The 8-year course of alcohol abuse: gender differences in social context and coping.
Background: The aim of this study was to compare women (n=230) and men (n=236) who had alcohol use disorders in terms of social context and coping methods and in terms of changes in these indices associated with participation in professional treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).
Methods: Initially untreated problem drinkers were followed up for 8 years.
Results: Women and men did not differ in regard to the type of help received, but women had longer professional treatment. At baseline, women had more stressors and fewer resources from family and relied more on avoidance coping and drinking to cope. During the next 8 years, women, more so than men, increased on approach coping and reduced their use of avoidance coping and drinking to cope. When baseline status was controlled, women had better social resource, coping, and drinking outcomes than men did at 1 year and 8 years. A longer d…
matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh), Alcoholism (mesh)
Treating tobacco dependence in a medical setting.
The US Public Health Service Guideline for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update emphasizes tobacco use as a chronic medical disorder; highlights both behavioral counseling and the use of 1 or more of the 7 approved medications; and points out the utility, efficacy, and reach of telephone quitlines. The treatment of users of smokeless tobacco continues to be less than optimal. Although providing evidence-based treatment for tobacco- dependent patients is a challenge for busy physicians, a team approach including trained and certified tobacco treatment specialists (TTS) provides an efficient treatment model. TTS represent a new and growing part of the health care team and hold great potential for expanding the collective tobacco treatment expertise in the medical setting. The effective treatment of tobacco dependence frequently requires tailoring, and often intensifying, interve…
matched on Smoking Cessation (mesh), Tobacco Use Disorder (mesh), Nicotine (mesh)
What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes?
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are alternative, non-combustible tobacco products that generate an inhalable aerosol containing nicotine, flavors, propylene glycol, and vegetable glycerin. Vaping is now a multibillion dollar industry that appeals to current smokers, former smokers, and young people who have never smoked. E-cigarettes reached the market without either extensive preclinical toxicology testing or long term safety trials that would be required of conventional therapeutics or medical devices. Their effectiveness as a smoking cessation intervention, their impact at a population level, and whether they are less harmful than combustible tobacco products are highly controversial. Here, we review the evidence on the effects of e-cigarettes on respiratory health. Studies show measurable adverse biologic effects on organ and cellular health in humans, in animals, and in vitro. …
matched on Smoking Cessation (mesh)
Digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis.
Digital ulcers (DUs) are a common visible manifestation of the progressive vascular disease that characterizes the SSc disease process. DUs not only impact significantly on patients' quality of life and hand function, but are also a biomarker of internal organ involvement and of disease severity. The aetiology of (digital) vascular disease in SSc is multifactorial, and many of these factors are potentially amenable to therapeutic intervention. The management of DU disease in SSc is multifaceted. Patient education and non-pharmacological interventions (e.g. smoking cessation) should not be neglected. There are a number of drug therapies available to prevent (e.g. phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors and ET receptor-1 antagonists) and treat (e.g. i.v. iloprost) DUs. DUs are also important for two other reasons: firstly, as a primary end point in SSc-related clinical trials; and secondly, DU…
matched on Smoking Cessation (mesh)
Impact of quitting smoking and smoking cessation treatment on substance use outcomes: An updated and narrative review.
Background: Historically, smoking cessation was thought to negatively impact substance use outcomes among smokers who use other substances. We sought to synthesize recent reports on this association.
Methods: Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cinahl were searched for studies published from 2006 to March 29, 2016 that reported impact of smoking cessation treatment or quitting smoking on substance use or substance use disorder treatment outcomes in the general population and among those in substance abuse treatment. Studies were grouped by reported impact as follows: "positive" (i.e. improved), "null" (i.e. no change), or "negative" (i.e. worsened).
Results: Twenty-four studies were included. Eighteen reported the impact of quitting smoking and six reported the impact of smoking cessation treatment intervention, independent of quitting, on substance use outcomes. Eleven studies (46%) reported so…
matched on Smoking Cessation (mesh)
Nonsurgical and surgical treatment of periodontitis: how many options for one disease?
Treatment of periodontitis aims at preventing further disease progression with the intentions to reduce the risk of tooth loss, minimize symptoms and perception of the disease, possibly restore lost periodontal tissue and provide information on maintaining a healthy periodontium. Therapeutic intervention includes introduction of techniques to change behavior, such as: individually tailored oral-hygiene instructions; a smoking-cessation program; dietary adjustment; subgingival instrumentation to remove plaque and calculus; local and systemic pharmacotherapy; and various types of surgery. No single treatment option has shown superiority, and virtually all types of mechanical periodontal treatment benefit from adjunctive antimicrobial chemotherapy. Periodontal treatment, because of the chronic nature of periodontitis, is a lifelong commitment to intricate oral-hygiene techniques, which, whe…
matched on Smoking Cessation (mesh)
Raghuveer G, White DA, Hayman LL, Woo JG, Villafane J, Celermajer D, Ward KD, de Ferranti SD, Zachariah J, American Heart Association Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Behavior Change for Improving Health Factors Committee of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; and Stroke Council (2016)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usCirculation155 citations Cardiovascular Consequences of Childhood Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Prevailing Evidence, Burden, and Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
Background: Although public health programs have led to a substantial decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking, the adverse health effects of tobacco smoke exposure are by no means a thing of the past. In the United States, 4 of 10 school-aged children and 1 of 3 adolescents are involuntarily exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS), with children of minority ethnic backgrounds and those living in low-socioeconomic-status households being disproportionately affected (68% and 43%, respectively). Children are particularly vulnerable, with little control over home and social environment, and lack the understanding, agency, and ability to avoid SHS exposure on their own volition; they also have physiological or behavioral characteristics that render them especially susceptible to effects of SHS. Side-stream smoke (the smoke emanating from the burning end of the cigarette), a major comp…
matched on Smoking Cessation (mesh)
Interventions for comorbid problem gambling and psychiatric disorders: Advancing a developing field of research.
Despite significant psychiatric comorbidity in problem gambling, there is little evidence on which to base treatment recommendations for subpopulations of problem gamblers with comorbid psychiatric disorders. This mini-review draws on two separate systematic searches to identify possible interventions for comorbid problem gambling and psychiatric disorders, highlight the gaps in the currently available evidence base, and stimulate further research in this area. In this mini-review, only 21 studies that have conducted post-hoc analyses to explore the influence of psychiatric disorders or problem gambling subtypes on gambling outcomes from different types of treatment were identified. The findings of these studies suggest that most gambling treatments are not contraindicated by psychiatric disorders. Moreover, only 6 randomized studies comparing the efficacy of interventions targeted towar…
matched on Tobacco Use Disorder (mesh)
Behavioral Counseling and Pharmacotherapy Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: A Review of Reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Background: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States.
Purpose: To review the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions for tobacco cessation.
Data sources: 5 databases and 8 organizational Web sites were searched through 1 August 2014 for systematic reviews, and PubMed was searched through 1 March 2015 for trials on electronic nicotine delivery systems.
Study selection: Two reviewers examined 114 articles to identify English-language reviews that reported health, cessation, or adverse outcomes.
Data extraction: One reviewer abstracted data from good- and fair-quality reviews, and a second checked for accuracy.
Data synthesis: 54 reviews were included. Behavioral interventions increased smoking cessation at 6 months or more (physician advice had a pooled risk ratio [RR] of 1.76 [95% CI, 1.58 to 1.96]). Nicotine replacement t…
matched on Smoking Cessation (mesh)
Financial incentives for smoking cessation among pregnant and newly postpartum women.
Objective: Smoking during pregnancy is the leading preventable cause of poor pregnancy outcomes in the U.S., causing serious immediate and longer-term adverse effects for mothers and offspring. In this report we provide a narrative review of research on the use of financial incentives to promote abstinence from cigarette smoking during pregnancy, an intervention wherein women earn vouchers exchangeable for retail items contingent on biochemically-verified abstinence from recent smoking.
Methods: Published reports based on controlled trials are reviewed. All of the reviewed research was conducted by one of two research groups who have investigated this treatment approach.
Results: Results from six controlled trials with economically disadvantaged pregnant smokers support the efficacy of financial incentives for increasing smoking abstinence rates antepartum and early postpartum. Results f…
matched on Smoking Cessation (mesh)
Adapting health promotion interventions to meet the needs of ethnic minority groups: mixed-methods evidence synthesis.
Background: There is now a considerable body of evidence revealing that a number of ethnic minority groups in the UK and other economically developed countries experience disproportionate levels of morbidity and mortality compared with the majority white European-origin population. Across these countries, health-promoting approaches are increasingly viewed as the long-term strategies most likely to prove clinically effective and cost-effective for preventing disease and improving health outcomes in those with established disease.
Objectives: To identify, appraise and interpret research on the approaches employed to maximise the cross-cultural appropriateness and effectiveness of health promotion interventions for smoking cessation, increasing physical activity and improving healthy eating for African-, Chinese- and South Asian-origin populations.
Data sources: Two national conferences; s…
matched on Smoking Cessation (mesh)
Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (3 of 7): evidence for effectiveness of interventions.
Introduction: Interventions directed toward mothers before and during pregnancy and childbirth may help reduce preterm births and stillbirths. Survival of preterm newborns may also be improved with interventions given during these times or soon after birth. This comprehensive review assesses existing interventions for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Methods: Approximately 2,000 intervention studies were systematically evaluated through December 31, 2008. They addressed preterm birth or low birth weight; stillbirth or perinatal mortality; and management of preterm newborns. Out of 82 identified interventions, 49 were relevant to LMICs and had reasonable amounts of evidence, and therefore selected for in-depth reviews. Each was classified and assessed by the quality of available evidence and its potential to treat or prevent preterm birth and stillbirth. Impacts on other maternal…
matched on Smoking Cessation (mesh)
Promoting health and physical function among cancer survivors: potential for prevention and questions that remain.
Cancer survivors are at increased risk, not only for progressive and recurrent disease, but also other cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and functional decline. Lifestyle interventions to improve dietary and physical activity behaviors, and smoking cessation, have the potential to improve the overall health and quality of life of this vulnerable population. Studies on overall health and physical function from 1966 and beyond regarding the impact of behavioral interventions that used randomized and controlled designs were identified through MEDLINE and PubMed searches. Published reports currently exist for 22 exercise interventions, 11 diet-related interventions (excluding those limited to dietary supplements or single nutrients), two diet and exercise interventions, and 10 behavioral-based smoking cessation interventions. Although many interventions have been succe…
matched on Smoking Cessation (mesh)
Menstrual cycle phase effects on nicotine withdrawal and cigarette craving: a review.
Evidence suggests that women are less likely to quit smoking than are men. This may reflect differences in nicotine dependence and, more specifically perhaps, nicotine withdrawal and craving. However, there is conflicting research on gender differences on the experience of withdrawal and craving. Menstrual cycle effects may moderate this relationship. Given hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, abstinence-related symptoms such as withdrawal and craving may vary as a function of menstrual phase as well. This qualitative review summarizes the modest but expanding body of research in this area. One of the challenges inherent in interpreting this literature is the difficulty in distinguishing withdrawal symptomatology from premenstrual symptomatology. Methodological variation, including limited sample size and possible selection bias, in which several studies finding null effects excl…
matched on Smoking Cessation (mesh)
Moral injury among women military veterans and demand for cigarettes: A behavioral economic investigation using a hypothetical purchase task.
Objectives: Unlike the United States general population, veteran women - as opposed to veteran men - have greater smoking prevalence; yet, little is known regarding factors that influence smoking in veteran women. The purpose of this study was to begin examining the relationship between a psychological concept known as moral injury and demand for cigarettes among veteran women.
Methods: Veteran women who smoke (n = 44) were recruited for this cross-sectional study from Amazon MTurk, Reddit, and a veteran-serving non-profit organization in June-July 2023. Consenting participants received $2 for completing the cigarette purchase task (CPT), Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and the military version of the Moral Injury Symptom Scale (MISS-M-SF). We examined five CPT demand indices and calculated a modified exponential demand model stratified by moral injury severity status (i.…
matched on Smoking (mesh), Tobacco Use Disorder (mesh)
The role of positive emotion in harmful health behavior: Implications for theory and public health campaigns.
Meta-analyses have concluded that positive emotions do not reduce appetitive risk behaviors (risky behaviors that fulfill appetitive or craving states, such as smoking and excessive alcohol use). We propose that this conclusion is premature. Drawing on the Appraisal Tendency Framework and related theories of emotion and decision-making, we hypothesized that gratitude (a positive emotion) can decrease cigarette smoking, a leading cause of premature death globally. A series of multimethod studies provided evidence supporting our hypothesis (collective N = 34,222). Using nationally representative US samples and an international sample drawn from 87 countries, Studies 1 and 2 revealed that gratitude was inversely associated with likelihood of smoking, even after accounting for numerous covariates. Other positive emotions (e.g., compassion) lacked such consistent associations, as expected. St…
matched on Smoking (mesh), Smoking Cessation (mesh)
Ünal M, Öztürk O, Öztürk G, Fidanci İ, Atayoğlu AT, Sönmez CI, Taş E, Gürsu O, Gürsu O, Selcuk MY (2022)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of addictions nursing4 citations Effect of Fasting on Smoking Addiction: A Multicentered Primary Care Research.
Background: Smoking is a serious public health challenge across the world. Fasting in Ramadan requires people to stay away from smoking as well as activities such as eating, drinking, and sexual intercourse. We examined the effect of fasting on cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction during the Ramadan.
Methodology: This study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A questionnaire was prepared to determine sociodemographic data and smoking habits of a sample population. The questionnaire was delivered through face-to-face interviews at several family medicine clinics in Turkey, with smokers who fast in Ramadan.
Results: There were 354 persons, of which 278 were male (78.5%), 76 were female (21.5%), and the mean age was 32.92 ± 11.84 years. A significant decrease in cigarette consumption during the Ramadan was reported by 285 (80.5%) smokers ( p < .001). The number of smok…
matched on Smoking (mesh), Smoking Cessation (mesh)
Child Maltreatment and Persistent Smoking From Adolescence Into Adulthood: A Birth Cohort Study.
Objective: A prospective record-linkage analysis to examine whether notified and/or substantiated child maltreatment is associated with the prevalence and persistence of smoking in early adulthood.
Methods: The sample consisted of 3758 participants enrolled in a population-based birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia, who were followed up at both 14 and 21 years of age. Suspected experience of child maltreatment was measured by linkage with state child protection agency data. The two main outcomes were the prevalence and persistence of smoking at 21-year follow-up, as well as the 12-month prevalence of nicotine use disorder for participants who completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Auto version.
Results: Of the 3758 young people at the 21-year follow-up, 7.5% (n = 282) had a history of notified maltreatment by the age of 16 years. Of these, 167 cases were substant…
matched on Smoking (mesh), Tobacco Use Disorder (mesh)