Smoking and alcohol

۞يَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلۡخَمۡرِ وَٱلۡمَيۡسِرِۖ قُلۡ فِيهِمَآ إِثۡمࣱ كَبِيرࣱ وَمَنَٰفِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَإِثۡمُهُمَآ أَكۡبَرُ مِن نَّفۡعِهِمَاۗ وَيَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنفِقُونَۖ قُلِ ٱلۡعَفۡوَۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ

They ask you [Prophet] about intoxicants and gambling: say, ‘There is great sin in both, and some benefit for people: the sin is greater than the benefit.’ They ask you what they should give: say, ‘Give what you can spare.’ In this way, God makes His messages clear to you, so that you may reflect

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِنَّمَا ٱلۡخَمۡرُ وَٱلۡمَيۡسِرُ وَٱلۡأَنصَابُ وَٱلۡأَزۡلَٰمُ رِجۡسࣱ مِّنۡ عَمَلِ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ فَٱجۡتَنِبُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ

You who believe, intoxicants and gambling, idolatrous practices, and [divining with] arrows are repugnant acts- Satan’s doing- shun them so that you may prosper

إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ أَن يُوقِعَ بَيۡنَكُمُ ٱلۡعَدَٰوَةَ وَٱلۡبَغۡضَآءَ فِي ٱلۡخَمۡرِ وَٱلۡمَيۡسِرِ وَيَصُدَّكُمۡ عَن ذِكۡرِ ٱللَّهِ وَعَنِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِۖ فَهَلۡ أَنتُم مُّنتَهُونَ

With intoxicants and gambling, Satan seeks only to incite enmity and hatred among you, and to stop you remembering God and prayer. Will you not give them up

وَدَخَلَ مَعَهُ ٱلسِّجۡنَ فَتَيَانِۖ قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَآ إِنِّيٓ أَرَىٰنِيٓ أَعۡصِرُ خَمۡرࣰ اۖ وَقَالَ ٱلۡأٓخَرُ إِنِّيٓ أَرَىٰنِيٓ أَحۡمِلُ فَوۡقَ رَأۡسِي خُبۡزࣰ ا تَأۡكُلُ ٱلطَّيۡرُ مِنۡهُۖ نَبِّئۡنَا بِتَأۡوِيلِهِۦٓۖ إِنَّا نَرَىٰكَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ

Two young men went into prison alongside him. One of them said, ‘I dreamed that I was pressing grapes’; the other said, ‘I dreamed that I was carrying bread on my head and that the birds were eating it.’ [They said], ‘Tell us what this means- we can see that you are a knowledgeable man.’

يَٰصَٰحِبَيِ ٱلسِّجۡنِ أَمَّآ أَحَدُكُمَا فَيَسۡقِي رَبَّهُۥ خَمۡرࣰ اۖ وَأَمَّا ٱلۡأٓخَرُ فَيُصۡلَبُ فَتَأۡكُلُ ٱلطَّيۡرُ مِن رَّأۡسِهِۦۚ قُضِيَ ٱلۡأَمۡرُ ٱلَّذِي فِيهِ تَسۡتَفۡتِيَانِ

Fellow prisoners, one of you will serve his master with wine; the other will be crucified and the birds will peck at his head. That is the end of the matter on which you asked my opinion.’

وَقُل لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِ يَغۡضُضۡنَ مِنۡ أَبۡصَٰرِهِنَّ وَيَحۡفَظۡنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ وَلَا يُبۡدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنۡهَاۖ وَلۡيَضۡرِبۡنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَىٰ جُيُوبِهِنَّۖ وَلَا يُبۡدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا لِبُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوۡ ءَابَآئِهِنَّ أَوۡ ءَابَآءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوۡ أَبۡنَآئِهِنَّ أَوۡ أَبۡنَآءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوۡ إِخۡوَٰنِهِنَّ أَوۡ بَنِيٓ إِخۡوَٰنِهِنَّ أَوۡ بَنِيٓ أَخَوَٰتِهِنَّ أَوۡ نِسَآئِهِنَّ أَوۡ مَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُهُنَّ أَوِ ٱلتَّٰبِعِينَ غَيۡرِ أُوْلِي ٱلۡإِرۡبَةِ مِنَ ٱلرِّجَالِ أَوِ ٱلطِّفۡلِ ٱلَّذِينَ لَمۡ يَظۡهَرُواْ عَلَىٰ عَوۡرَٰتِ ٱلنِّسَآءِۖ وَلَا يَضۡرِبۡنَ بِأَرۡجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعۡلَمَ مَا يُخۡفِينَ مِن زِينَتِهِنَّۚ وَتُوبُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ جَمِيعًا أَيُّهَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ

And tell believing women that they should lower their glances, guard their private parts, and not display their charms beyond what [it is acceptable] to reveal; they should let their headscarves fall to cover their necklines and not reveal their charms except to their husbands, their fathers, their husbands’ fathers, their sons, their husbands’ sons, their brothers, their brothers’ sons, their sisters’ sons, their womenfolk, their slaves, such men as attend them who have no sexual desire, or children who are not yet aware of women’s nakedness; they should not stamp their feet so as to draw attention to any hidden charms. Believers, all of you, turn to God so that you may prosper

They ask thee about wine and gambling.... And they ask thee what they should expend. God has servants on the earth who drink the wine of recognition and are drunk from the cup of love. There is no more than a whiff of this wine's reality in this world, and nothing but a show of that drunkenness, for this world is a prison, and what can a prison put up with? Today there is no more than that. Nonetheless, wait until tomorrow, the assembly of repose and ease [56:89], the arena of union with the Beloved, when the servants will be gazing on the Real. Hope for union with you has added to my life. What can union itself be, when hope does that!? A man in turmoil entered the shop of a wine merchant with one dirham. He said, “Give me wine for this dirham.” The merchant replied, “There's no wine left.” The man said, “I'm already in turmoil. I can't tolerate wine's reality. Show me a drop so I may s

O you who have faith! Wine, arrow-shuffling, idols, and divining arrows are a filth and of the deeds of Satan. The Prophet said, “Wine is the gatherer of sin and the mother of loathsome things”: Wine is the root of loathsome things and the key to great sins, the basis of misdeeds, the seed of misguided acts, and the source of discord. It dries up the springhead of obedience, holds back the water of remembrance, and opens the door to heedlessness. The soul becomes drunk from wine and is held back from the prayer. The heart becomes drunk from heedlessness and is held back from secret whispering. The Pir of the Tariqah spoke to these heedless people in the tongue of admonition: “O drunk- ards full of appetite! O sleepers in heedlessness! Have shame before that Lord who knows the treachery of the eyes and sees the inside of the hearts! He knows the treachery of the eyes and what the breasts

They ask you about wine and divinatory arrows gambling and what the ruling is regarding them. Say to them ‘In both that is in the partaking of both is great sin a variant reading for kabīr ‘great’ has kathīr ‘much’ because of the fighting cursing and swearing that ensue from it; and profit for men by way of delight and enjoyment in wine and acquiring money effortlessly from gambling; but the sin in them that is the degenerate behaviour in which they result is greater graver than the usefulness’. When this verse was revealed some gave up drinking while others persisted until the verse of sūrat al-Mā’ida Q. 590-91 finally made it illicit. And they will ask you what that is to say how much they should expend. Say expend ‘Comfortably’ al-‘afwa in the accusative is also read in the nominative al-‘afwu implying a preceding huwa that is the surplus of your need and do not expend what you need r

O you who believe verily wine that intoxicates and overcomes the mind and games of chance gambling and idols and divinatory arrows are an abomination an evil deemed vile of Satan’s work which he adorns; so avoid it this abomination consisting of the things mentioned do not do it; so that you might prosper.

Satan desires only to precipitate enmity and hatred between you through wine and games of chance when you partake of them because of the evil and discord that result therefrom; and to bar you by your being preoccupied with them from the remembrance of God and from prayer — He has specifically mentioned it prayer so as to magnify it. So will you then desist? from partaking of them? In other words Desist!

O you who believe! Khamr, Maysir, Ansab, and Azlam are a Rijs of Shaytan's handiwork. So avoid that in order that you may be successful (90)Shaytan wants only to excite enmity and hatred between you with Khamr and Maysir, and hinder you from the remembrance of Allah and from the Salah (the prayer). So, will you not then abstai (91)And obey Allah and obey the Messenger, and beware. Then if you turn away, you should know that it is Our Messenger's duty to convey in the clearest way (92)Those who believe and do righteous good deeds, there is no sin on them for what they ate, if they have Taqwa and believe and do righteous good deeds, and they (again) have Taqwa and believe, and then (once again) have Taqwa and perform good. And Allah loves the good-doers (93) Prohibiting Khamr (Intoxicants) and Maysir (Gambling) Allah forbids His believing servants from consuming Khamr and Maysir which is

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، يَحْيَى بْنُ دُرُسْتَ الْبَصْرِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ وَكُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ وَمَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَمَاتَ وَهُوَ يُدْمِنُهَا لَمْ يَشْرَبْهَا فِي الآخِرَةِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَعُبَادَةَ وَأَبِي مَالِكٍ الأَشْعَرِيِّ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏.‏ وَرَوَاهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مَوْقُوفًا فَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ ‏.‏

Narrated Ibn 'Umar: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Every intoxicant is Khamr, and every intoxicant is unlawful. Whoever drinks Khamr in this world, and dies continuing it, he will not drink it in the Hereafter. He said: There are narrations on this topic from Abu Hurairah, Abu Sa'eed, 'Abdullah bin 'Amr, 'Ubadah, Abu Malik Al-Ash'ari, and Ibn 'Abbas. [Abu 'Eisa said:] The Hadith of Ibn 'Umar is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. It has been reported through other routes from Nafi', from Ibn 'Umar, from the Prophet (ﷺ). Malik bin Anas reported it from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar in Mawquf - not Marfu' form

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ لَمْ يَقْبَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ صَلاَةً أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحًا فَإِنْ تَابَ تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنْ عَادَ لَمْ يَقْبَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ صَلاَةً أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحًا فَإِنْ تَابَ تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنْ عَادَ لَمْ يَقْبَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ صَلاَةً أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحًا فَإِنْ تَابَ تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنْ عَادَ الرَّابِعَةَ لَمْ يَقْبَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ صَلاَةً أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحًا فَإِنْ تَابَ لَمْ يَتُبِ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَقَاهُ مِنْ نَهْرِ الْخَبَالِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قِيلَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَمَا نَهْرُ الْخَبَالِ قَالَ نَهْرٌ مِنْ صَدِيدِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ نَحْوُ هَذَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏.‏

Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever drinks Khamr, Salat is not accepted from him for forty days. If he repents, then Allah will accept his repentance. It he returns to it, then Allah will not accept his Salat for forty days. If he repents, then Allah will accept his repentance. If he returns to it, then Allah will not accepts his Salat for forty days. If he repents, then Allah will accept his repentance. If he returns to it a fourth time, Allah will not accept his Salat for forty days, and if he were to repent, Allah would not accept his repentance, and he will be given to drink from the river of Al-Khabal." They said: "O Aby 'Abdur-Rahman! What is the river of Al-Khabal?" He said: "A river of the pus from the inhabitants of the Fire." [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan. Similar to this has been reported from 'Abdullah bin 'Amr and Ibn 'Abbas from the Prophet (ﷺ)

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَيَّانَ، حَدَّثَنِي الشَّعْبِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، قَالَ نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ يَوْمَ نَزَلَ وَهِيَ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ مِنَ الْعِنَبِ وَالتَّمْرِ وَالْعَسَلِ وَالْحِنْطَةِ وَالشَّعِيرِ وَالْخَمْرُ مَا خَامَرَ الْعَقْلَ وَثَلاَثٌ وَدِدْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لَمْ يُفَارِقْنَا حَتَّى يَعْهَدَ إِلَيْنَا فِيهِنَّ عَهْدًا نَنْتَهِي إِلَيْهِ الْجَدُّ وَالْكَلاَلَةُ وَأَبْوَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الرِّبَا ‏.‏

’Umar said :The prohibition of wine came down when (the Quranic verse ) came down. It was made from five thing namely, grapes, dates, honey, wheat ,barley. Wine is what infects (khamara) the mind. There are three things I wished that the prophet (ﷺ) would not leave us until he explained them fully to our satisfaction: (share of) grandfather, one who leaves no descendants or ascendants as hairs, and the details of usury

حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْخُتَّلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، - يَعْنِي ابْنَ جَعْفَرٍ - عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، قَالَ لَمَّا نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ قَالَ عُمَرُ اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ لَنَا فِي الْخَمْرِ بَيَانًا شِفَاءً فَنَزَلَتِ الآيَةُ الَّتِي فِي الْبَقَرَةِ ‏{‏ يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِمَا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ ‏}‏ الآيَةَ قَالَ فَدُعِيَ عُمَرُ فَقُرِئَتْ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ لَنَا فِي الْخَمْرِ بَيَانًا شِفَاءً فَنَزَلَتِ الآيَةُ الَّتِي فِي النِّسَاءِ ‏{‏ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لاَ تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلاَةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَى ‏}‏ فَكَانَ مُنَادِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِذَا أُقِيمَتِ الصَّلاَةُ يُنَادِي أَلاَ لاَ يَقْرَبَنَّ الصَّلاَةَ سَكْرَانُ فَدُعِيَ عُمَرُ فَقُرِئَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ لَنَا فِي الْخَمْرِ بَيَانًا شِفَاءً فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ ‏{‏ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ ‏}‏ قَالَ عُمَرُ انْتَهَيْنَا ‏.‏

Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: When the prohibition of wine (was yet to be) declared, Umar said: O Allah, give us a satisfactory explanation about wine. So the following verse of Surat al-Baqarah revealed; "They ask thee concerning wine and gambling. Say: In them is great sin...." Umar was then called and it was recited to him. He said: O Allah, give us a satisfactory explanation about wine. Then the following verse of Surat an-Nisa' was revealed: "O ye who believe! approach not prayers with a mind befogged...." Thereafter the herald of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would call when the (congregational) prayer was performed: Beware, one who is drunk should not come to prayer. Umar was again called and it was recited to him). He said: O Allah, give us a satisfactory explanation about wine. This verse was revealed: "Will ye not then abstain?" Umar said: We abstained

وأما النبات فلا يحرم منه إلا ما يزيل العقل أو يزيل الحياة أو الصحة فمزيل العقل البنج و الخمر وسائر المسكرات ومزيل الحياة السموم ومزيل الصحة الأدوية في غير وقتها وكأن مجموع هذا يرجع إلى الضرر إلا الخمر و المسكرات فإن الذي لا يسكر منها أيضا حرام مع قلته لعينه ولصفته وهي الشدة المطربة

وأما حديث عبدالله بن عمرو فروى أحمد في مسنده وأبو داود عنه أن النبيقال : إن الله تعالى حرم على أمتي الخمر والميسر والكوبة والغبيراء وكل مسكر حرام

أما الجمادات فطاهرة كلها إلا الخمر وكل منتبذ مسكر والحيوانات طاهرة كلها إلا الكلب والخنزير وما تولد منهما أو من أحدهما

وأما حديث ابن عباس ففي المسند أيضا : عنه أن رسول اللهقال : إن الله حرم الخمر والميسر والكوبة وكل مسكر حرام والكوبة الطبل قاله سفيان وقيل : البربط والقنين هو الطنبور بالحبشية والتقنين : الضرب به قاله ابن الأعرابي

وإنما أتي هؤلاء من حيث استحلوا المحرمات بما ظنوه من انتفاء الاسم ولم يلتفتوا إلى وجود المعنى المحرم وثبوته وهذا بعينه هو شبهة اليهود في استحلال بيع الشحم بعد جمله واستحلال أخذ الحيتان يوم الأحد بما أوقعوها به يوم السبت في الحفائر والشباك من فعلهم يوم الجمعة وقالوا : ليس هذا صيد يوم السبت ولا استباحة لنفس الشحم بل الذي يستحل الشراب المسكر زاعما أنه ليس خمرا مع علمه أن معناه معنى الخمر ومقصوده مقصوده وعمله عمله أفسد تأويلا فإن الخمر اسم لكل شراب مسكر كما دلت عليه النصوص الصحيحة الصريحة وقد جاء هذا الحديث عن النبيمن وجوه أخرى

وهذا بمنزلة السكر من شرب الخمر فإن تناول المسكر اختياري وما يتولد عنه السكر اضطراري فمتى كان السبب واقعا باختياره لم يكن معذورا فيما تولد عنه بغير اختياره فمتى كان السبب محظورا لم يكن السكران معذورا ولا ريب أن متابعة النظر واستدامة الفكر بمنزلة شرب المسكر فهو يلام على السبب ولهذا إذا حصل العشق بسبب غير محظور لم يلم عليه صاحبه كمن كان يعشق امرأته أو جاريته ثم فارقها وبقي عشقها غير مفارق له فهذا لا يلام على ذلك كما تقدم في قصة بريرة ومغيث وكذلك إذا نظر نظرة فجاءة ثم صرف بصره وقد تمكن العشق من قلبه بغير اختياره على أن عليه مدافعته وصرفه عن قلبه بضده فإذا جاء أمر يغلبه فهناك لا يلام بعد بذل الجهد في دفعه ومما يبين ما قلناه أن سكر العشق أعظم من سكر الخمر كما قال الله تعالى عن عشاق الصور من قوم لوط @QB@ لعمرك إنهم لفي سكرتهم يعمهون @QE@ وإذا كان أدنى السكرين لا يعذر صاحبه إذا تعاطى أسبابه فكيف يعذر صاحب السكر الأقوى مع تعاطي أسبابه وإذ قد وصلنا إلى هذا الموضع فلنذكر بابا في سكرة الحب وسببها

The impact of depressive symptoms on alcohol and cigarette consumption following treatment for alcohol and nicotine dependence.: Background: Although depression is common among alcohol and tobacco dependent patients, its impact on treatment outcomes is not well established. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of depressive symptoms on abstinence from tobacco and alcohol after treatment for alcohol dependence and nicotine dependence. Methods: The Timing of Alcohol and Smoking Cessation Study (TASC) randomized adults receiving intensive alcohol dependence treatment, who were also smokers, to concurrent or de

Alcohol use and initial smoking lapses among heavy drinkers in smoking cessation treatment.: Introduction: This study examined alcohol use and its association with initial smoking lapses among heavy nondependent drinkers in smoking cessation treatment. Methods: Participants were 236 heavy drinking smokers in a randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy of incorporating brief alcohol intervention into smoking cessation treatment. Results: Of the 178 participants who reported a smoking lapse, 41.5% lapsed when drinking alcohol. Those who had alcohol-involved lapses had significantly l

Development and preliminary randomized controlled trial of a distress tolerance treatment for smokers with a history of early lapse.: Introduction: An inability to tolerate distress is a significant predictor of early smoking lapse following a cessation attempt. We conducted a preliminary randomized controlled trial to compare a distress tolerance (DT) treatment that incorporated elements of exposure-based therapies and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to standard smoking cessation treatment (ST). Methods: Smokers with a history of early lapse in prior quit attempts received either DT (N = 27; 9 2-hr group and 6 50-min indivi

Smoking cessation in severe mental illness: what works?: Aims: The physical health of people with severe mental illness (SMI) is poor. Smoking-related illnesses are a major contributor to excess mortality and morbidity. An up-to-date review of the evidence for smoking cessation interventions in SMI is needed to inform clinical guidelines. Methods: We searched bibliographic databases for relevant studies and independently extracted data. Included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of smoking cessation or reduction conducted in adult smoke

Anxiety diagnoses in smokers seeking cessation treatment: relations with tobacco dependence, withdrawal, outcome and response to treatment.: Aims: To understand the relations among anxiety disorders and tobacco dependence, withdrawal symptoms, response to smoking cessation pharmacotherapy and ability to quit smoking. Design: Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants received six 10-minute individual counseling sessions and either: placebo, bupropion SR, nicotine patch, nicotine lozenge, bupropion SR + nicotine lozenge or nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge. Setting: Two urban research sites. Participants: Data were col

Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.: Background: Many placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of individual pharmacotherapies approved for smoking cessation. However, few direct or indirect comparisons of such interventions have been conducted. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the treatment effects of 7 approved pharmacologic interventions for smoking cessation. Methods: We searched the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Tobacco Information and Prevention database as well as MEDLINE, EMBASE and

Distress tolerance treatment for early-lapse smokers: rationale, program description, and preliminary findings.

A significant percentage of individuals attempting smoking cessation lapse within a matter of days, and very few are able to recover to achieve long-term abstinence. This observation suggests that many smokers may have quit-attempt histories characterized exclusively by early lapses to smoking following quit attempts. Recent negative-reinforcement conceptualizations of early lapse to smoking suggest that individuals' reactions to withdrawal and inability to tolerate the experience of these symptoms, rather than withdrawal severity itself, may represent an important treatment target in the development of new behavioral interventions for this subpopulation of smokers. This article presents the theoretical rationale and describes a novel, multicomponent distress-tolerance treatment for early-lapse smokers that incorporates behavioral and pharmacological elements of standard smoking-cessatio…

matched on Smoking Cessation (mesh), Nicotine (mesh)

Alcohol abuse by mood disorder patients.

Background: Abuse of alcohol is associated with psychiatric disorders but requires updating of risks, outcomes, and associated factors, particularly for patients with co-occurring major mood disorders. Methods: A total of 1768 consecutive, consenting adult patients (1070 women, 698 men, aged 47.0 [CI: 46.4-47.5] years) with information about alcohol abuse and with a DSM-5-TR mood disorder (897 bipolar disorder [BD: 466 BD1, 431 BD2], 871 major depressive disorder [MDD]), ill for a total of 19.2 [18.5-19.9] years, were evaluated extensively and followed prospectively for 4.61 [4.25-5.00] years. Results: Alcohol abuse was identified in 228/1768 subjects (12.9 % [11.4-14.5]); prevalence was greater with BD (18.8 % [16.3-21.6]) than MDD (6.77 % [5.20-8.65]), similar with BD1 (20.7 % [17.1-24.7]) and BD2 (17.0 % [13.5-20.9]), and 2.52-times greater among men (20.3 % [17.4-23.5]) than women (8…

matched on Alcoholism (mesh)

The price of care: alcohol misuse as a moderator of financial hardship and mental health outcomes of U.S. women caregivers.

PURPOSE: Financial hardship and alcohol misuse are well-established predictors of caregiver mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine if alcohol misuse influenced the associations between financial hardship and mental health outcomes (depression diagnosis and poor mental health days). METHODS: A retrospective data analysis was conducted from 4,212 U.S. women caregivers utilizing 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System dataset.  RESULTS: Alcohol misuse when measured dichotomously was not independently associated with depression diagnosis or poor mental health days. However, more frequent alcohol misuse substantially strengthened the food insecurity–psychological distress relationship among women caregivers. Financial hardship—particularly food insecurity—was strongly associated with depression and more days in the past month with worse mental health, especially among…

matched on Alcoholism (mesh)

Income inequality and adherence to 24-hour movement guideline recommendations among adolescents: a multilevel growth curve analysis using longitudinal data from three waves of the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Sedentary behaviour and Smoking (COMPASS) study (2016-2019).

Background: There is a paucity of literature regarding income inequality and adolescent movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviours, sleep). This study examined whether income inequality was associated with meeting Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24HMG) recommendations among adolescents over time. Methods: Longitudinal data from adolescents (n=9299) in the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Sedentary behaviour and Smoking study (2016-2017 to 2018-2019) were linked with income data at the census division (CD) level from the 2016 Canadian Census. Adolescents (aged 13-19 years) reported on their physical activity, sleep duration and screen time via questionnaire. Gini coefficients were calculated at the CD level using after-tax household income from the 2016 Canadian Census. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed to test the associati…

matched on Smoking (mesh)

"After reducing alcohol, things now work well at home": Perceived impacts of the Mlambe intervention on alcohol use, relationship dynamics, household economics, and HIV treatment adherence in Malawian couples.

Unhealthy alcohol use is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and can worsen poverty, couple relationships, and HIV treatment outcomes. In response, we assessed participant experiences with Mlambe, a pilot study of an economic and relationship-strengthening intervention for couples living with unhealthy alcohol use and HIV. Exit interviews were conducted with a subset of 20 couples who participated in a pilot trial of Mlambe in Zomba, Malawi. A 10-month intervention consisted of financial literacy and couples counseling sessions and incentivized savings accounts. Eligible couples were married, ≥ 18, with at least one partner with unhealthy alcohol use (according to AUDIT-C screen), and currently on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated, and analyzed using dyadic framework analysis. Intervention couples reported that alcohol use caused many problems an…

matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh)

Associations between factors related to work and health and the experience of climacteric symptoms: A study among 52-56-year-old full-time working Finnish women before any treatment for the symptoms.

Objectives: To examine associations between factors related to work and health and the experience of climacteric symptoms among middle-aged full-time working Finnish women before receiving any treatment for the symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study among Finnish women aged 52-56 years who were full-time employed and had never used any treatment for the studied symptoms (n = 313). The experience of symptoms was assessed as the occurrence and severity of menopause-related symptoms that have a negative impact on women's general wellbeing or wellbeing at work. These are hot flushes, sweats, sleeping problems, vaginal dryness and tenderness, loss of sexual desire, and depressive symptoms. The studied work- and health-related factors were the experience of the psychosocial work environment, health behaviors (body size, physical activity, and smoking habits), perceived stress and perceived…

matched on Smoking (mesh)

Thinking when I'm drinking: The interaction of mood and rumination across drinking and non-drinking days.

Background: Prior research has explored the links between emotion regulation, rumination, and problematic alcohol use. However, the extant literature has yet to investigate daily fluctuations among these factors on drinking and non-drinking days comparatively. Method: College student drinkers (n = 85; 64 % female; M age = 20.04 years) were enrolled in a 21-day ecological momentary assessment study (EMA) examining rumination, via the brooding subscale of the ruminative response scale, and emotion, from the mood circumplex model, on both drinking and non-drinking days. Participants completed up to 11 assessments each day measuring composite positive mood, sadness, anger, anxiety, rumination, and alcohol use. Multilevel regression examined the influence of rumination and mood trajectories across drinking and non-drinking days. Results: On drinking days, positive mood peaked at drinking init…

matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh)

The Role of Oxytocin and Oxytocin Gene Receptor Methylation During Withdrawal Therapy in Males With Alcohol Use Disorder.

Oxytocin is a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, many studies report contradicting evidence regarding its effect on drug craving, relapse risk and withdrawal symptoms. Epigenetic regulation of the oxytocin and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene is altered in several mental disorders and influences social behaviour, often depending on the underlying sex. Evidence suggests that altered promoter methylation could result in oxytocin and OXTR expression differences, thereby possibly influencing drug craving and relapse risk. It is unclear whether promoter methylation changes throughout alcohol withdrawal and is linked to craving and withdrawal symptoms. In this exploratory study, we investigated the effect of 2-week alcohol withdrawal therapy in 99 males on methylation levels (oxytocin and OXTR) compared with 31 healthy controls. We found signific…

matched on Alcoholism (mesh)

The Impact of Childhood Adversity on Life Course Alcohol Use Patterns and Health Status Among People Living with HIV.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and financial hardship are associated with increased likelihood of heavier alcohol use and health challenges in adulthood among persons living with HIV (PWH). We examined whether retrospectively captured lifetime drinking trajectories are a pathway through which childhood hardships affect current health in a sample of 365 adult PWH. Childhood economic hardship and ACEs were used as main predictors. Measures of alcohol use included age at first drink and lifetime drinking trajectories. Health indicators included health-related quality of life, frailty, number of comorbidities, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to estimate both direct and indirect pathways between childhood hardship and physical and mental health. Participants were mostly male; Black (84%); and …

matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh)

Meeting-makers make meaning: alcoholics anonymous participation and personal meaningfulness.

Aims: The central aim of this study was to determine whether intentional, voluntary alcoholics anonymous (AA) participation showed any independent association with affect, over and above that which has been observed in association with other recovery-related behaviors, such as abstinence, among individuals with a history of alcohol use disorder. Additionally, we sought to determine the nature of the affective changes associated with specific dimensions of AA participation (i.e. meeting  attendance, fellowship  involvement, 12-step  work). Methods: Thirty abstinent alcohol use disorder individuals were recruited and evaluated. Multivariate linear regressions were used to examine associations between dimensions of AA participation, measured using the Multidimensional Mutual-Help Assessment Scale and standardized measures of affective experiences, including the Profile of Mood States, Subje…

matched on Alcoholism (mesh)

Spiritually Integrated Group Psychotherapy for First Responders: Forgiveness, Trauma, and Alcohol Use.

First responders (e.g. firefighters, law enforcement, paramedics, corrections officers) experience high rates of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Despite the relevance of both spirituality and forgiveness to PTSD and AUD among first responders, spiritually integrated group interventions for this population are rare. This article discusses a forgiveness session of a spiritually integrated group psychotherapy protocol for first responders (SPIRIT-FR) in acute psychiatric care. This brief group psychotherapy intervention includes (a) psychoeducation about the intersection of PTSD, AUD, and forgiveness (b) discussion of the relevance of forgiveness to PTSD and AUD, and (c) the integration of spiritual beliefs and behaviors to move toward forgiveness. We discuss relevant clinical theory as well as the potential clinical application of this protocol…

matched on Alcoholism (mesh)

Diminishing Psychological Reactance Through Self-Transcendent Media Experiences: A Self-Report and Psychophysiological Investigation.

Health communication scholars have provided ample evidence demonstrating the ways in which freedom-threatening language used in persuasive health messages evokes freedom-threat perceptions, state psychological reactance, and intentions to engage in behaviors opposite of those recommended by the health message. This study examined a novel mitigation strategy for diminishing these outcomes. We examined whether prior exposure to entertainment portrayals of moral virtue (versus a neutral video) can dampen audiences' psychological reactance, intentions to consume alcohol, and defensive message processing via their psychophysiological responses to a subsequent, freedom-threatening excessive alcohol consumption public service announcement (PSA). The results revealed that participants who viewed entertainment portrayals of moral virtue (N = 50 college-aged participants) self-reported higher leve…

matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh)

Unraveling Depressive Symptomatology and Risk Factors in a Changing World.

Background: This study aimed to examine the prevalence and factors associated with symptoms of depression during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A representative sample of Portuguese adults was included in this populational survey, conducted between 25 March and 31 July 2021, with participants completing a structured questionnaire via phone interview. The symptoms of depression were measured using the Portuguese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors and depression levels (normal, mild, or moderate/severe). Results: The estimated prevalence of depression symptoms among participants was 24%. Participants who were women, were in older age groups, had multimorbidity, lived in isolated Portuguese regions such as islands…

matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh)

A qualitative study of alcohol use disorder psychotherapies for transgender and nonbinary individuals: Opportunities for cultural adaptation.

Background: Transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) populations experience high rates of hazardous drinking (HD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) as well as unique treatment barriers. This is due, in-part, to discrimination and stigma within and outside of the healthcare system. Cultural adaptation of clinical interventions can improve outcomes for marginalized populations, but no such adapted interventions exist for AUD among TGNB individuals. This study sought to understand how TGNB individuals perceive currently available AUD psychotherapies and to generate knowledge about potential areas for cultural adaptation. Methods: As part of a qualitative study of HD among TGNB individuals (N=27), participants were asked to imagine that they were clients in psychotherapy vignettes corresponding to cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational enhancement therapy, and twelve step facilitation. Interviews w…

matched on Alcoholism (mesh)

The association between child maltreatment and mental disorders in the Australian Child Maltreatment Study.

Objectives: To examine the associations between experiences of child maltreatment and mental disorders in the Australian population. Design: Population-representative survey conducted by computer-assisted telephone interviewing. Setting, participants: Australian residents aged 16 years and older. Main outcome measures: Mental disorder diagnoses of lifetime major depressive disorder, current alcohol use disorder (mild, moderate and severe), current generalised anxiety disorder and current post-traumatic stress disorder. Results: More than one in three Australians (3606/8503 surveyed participants; 38.0%; 95% CI, 36.7-39.3%) met the diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder. The prevalence of mental disorders in non-maltreated participants was 21.6% (95% CI, 19.9-23.3%; n = 851). This increased to 36.2% (95% CI, 33.5-38.9%; n = 764) for those who experienced a single type of maltreatment an…

matched on Alcoholism (mesh)

Moral injury and substance use disorders among US combat veterans: results from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study.

Background: Exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) is associated with increased risk for substance use disorders (SUDs), although population-based studies remain limited. The goal of this study was to better understand the relationships between PMIE exposure and lifetime and past-year alcohol use disorder (AUD), drug use disorder (DUD), and SUD. Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, which surveyed a nationally representative sample of 1321 combat veterans. Multivariable analyses examined associations between three types of PMIE exposure (perpetration, witnessing, and betrayal), and lifetime and past-year AUD, DUD, and SUD, adjusting for sociodemographic variables, combat exposure severity, prior trauma, and lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder. Results: Perpetration was associated…

matched on Alcoholism (mesh)

Mediterranean diet is linked to less objective disability in multiple sclerosis.

Background: The multiple sclerosis (MS) community is highly interested in diet as a potential protective factor against disability, but empirical evidence remains limited. Objective: Evaluate associations between patient-reported Mediterranean diet alignment and objective disability in a real-world MS cohort. Methods: Data were analyzed from persons with MS, aged 18-65, who completed the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), MS Functional Composite (MSFC; primary disability metric), and patient-reported outcomes (PROs; disability, gait disturbance, fatigue, anxiety, and depression) as part of our Comprehensive Annual Assessment Program. Multiple regression predicted MSFC (and PROs) with MEDAS after adjusting for demographic (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status) and health-related (body mass index (BMI), exercise, sleep disturbance, hypertension, diabetes, hyperli…

matched on Smoking (mesh)

Do couple drinking episodes lead to intimate partner aggression? An ecological momentary assessment study of same-sex and mixed-sex couples.

Objective: Alcohol use is an established risk factor for intimate partner aggression (IPA); however, few studies have considered whether couple drinking episodes increase the short-term likelihood of IPA episodes. The present ecological momentary assessment study considered the temporal effects of alcohol consumption on IPA perpetration and victimization within a sample of community couples at elevated risk of aggression. Method: Mixed-sex (n = 191), same-sex male (n = 31), and same-sex female (n = 27) cohabiting couples (total N = 249; ages 21-35) made three independent, random reports for 30 consecutive days. Dyadic multilevel modeling was used to examine the impact of each partner's drinking episodes on the occurrence of verbal and physical perpetration and victimization events within the next 4 hr, using the actor-partner interdependence model. Results: Actor and partner alcohol use …

matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh)

Internal and External Resources Relied on by Established Twelve Step Fellowship Members for Their Recoveries.

Background: The Twelve Steps described by Narcotics Anonymous (NA) and Alcoholics Anonymous denote key aspects of how members can achieve abstinence from alcohol and other drugs. However, there are limited empirical findings on what long-term members rely on to support their ongoing recovery. Method: In order to clarify the members' reliance on those latter resources, we surveyed 2,293 long-term NA members through the internet on items they rely on for their recovery. They scored nine NA-related resources (e.g., their sponsor) and three non-NA institutional ones (e.g., a professional therapist).Results: Three factors accounted for 53.6% of the variance in the respondents' scores of the 12 items. We labeled them, with the percent of variance accorded, as NA-based social (24.9%) support, spiritual (17.8%) support, and outside professional (10.9%) help. While NA-based resources ranked highe…

matched on Alcoholism (mesh)

Medications for alcohol use disorder improve survival in patients with hazardous drinking and alcohol-associated cirrhosis.

Background: Medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) are highly effective in achieving and maintaining abstinence in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Our aim was to evaluate the effect of MAUD on all-cause mortality in patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis and active alcohol use. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis and high-risk alcohol use disorder in the Veterans Outcomes and Costs Associated with Liver Disease (VOCAL) database. Propensity score matching for exposure to MAUD (acamprosate or naltrexone) within a year after cirrhosis diagnosis was performed to account for potential confounders, and the association between MAUD and all-cause mortality was subsequently evaluated using Cox regression analysis. Results: A total of 9131 patients were included, of whom 886 (9.7%) were exposed to MAUD (naltrexone: 520, ac…

matched on Alcoholism (mesh)

Mental resilience in the context of alcohol use-a qualitative study in a tribal community in South India.

Consumption of alcohol is a global issue associated with socio-economic and health consequences, while amongst tribal communities it has more complex associations linked to culture. Strengths-based approaches (in which the concept of resilience is prominent) have high potential of application in studies on the risky use of substances. In the current study, a descriptive phenomenology approach was used to capture the lived experience of a tribal community in Southern India. This was followed by thematic analysis of the data through an inductive as well as deductive approach. The study resulted in the identification of ten resilience (to alcohol use) themes, viz., perception & skills, relationship, absence of temptations to drink, social support systems, faith factors, awareness, positive outcomes, biological & psychological responses, financial factors, and alternative substances. One of …

matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh)

Examining the Interaction Between Potentially Morally Injurious Events and Religiosity in Relation to Alcohol Misuse Among Military Veterans.

Given the disproportionate rate of alcohol misuse among veterans and related outcomes as compared to the general population, the examination of predictors of alcohol misuse in this population is imperative. Potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs), defined as severe transgressions of a moral code, have been positively associated with alcohol misuse. Exposure to PMIEs may challenge one's religious beliefs, which may, in turn, influence the strength of the association between PMIEs and alcohol misuse among military veterans. The goal of the current study was to examine the potential moderating role of religiosity in the association between PMIEs and alcohol misuse (i.e., alcohol consumption, drinking behaviors, adverse reactions to drinking, and alcohol-related problems). Participants were 496 military veterans in the community (Mage = 37.80 years, SD = 11.42; 70.5% male). The results …

matched on Alcoholism (mesh)

Affordances of home drinking in accounts from light and heavy drinkers.

Home drinking contributes substantially to health harms associated with alcohol consumption. Drawing on practice theory and new materialism, we argue that drinking is a social practice that allows particular sets of effects, or affordances, when it takes place in a person's home. Qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone with 40 Australian adult home drinkers, of whom 20 drank at a level designated as low risk and 20 at a level which exposed them to a higher likelihood of harm. Our analyses identified four substantive affordances of home drinking practice. The first two concern transformations of home life. Home drinking allowed both celebration and smoothing of dissatisfaction with domestic relationships. Through producing subtly different affective states at home compared to in other locations, drinking practice rendered domestic settings home-like: as places of comfort and re…

matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh)

Greater self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism in severe alcohol use disorder.

Background: Perfectionistic individuals present exaggerated performance standards, generating a constant search for flawlessness and a high tendency to self-criticize. Dominant models distinguish three dimensions of perfectionism: namely, self-oriented, socially prescribed and other-oriented. Perfectionism constitutes a vulnerability factor for psychopathological disorders, but its role in severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) remains unexplored. Methods: Sixty-five recently detoxified patients with SAUD and 65 matched controls completed a perfectionism questionnaire (the Hewitt Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale), together with measures of psychopathology. Results: SAUD was associated with greater self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, with no group differences on other-oriented perfectionism. This differential pattern persisted when controlling for depression and anxiety l…

matched on Alcoholism (mesh)

The socioeconomic gradient of alcohol use: an analysis of nationally representative survey data from 55 low-income and middle-income countries.

Background: Alcohol is a leading risk factor for over 200 conditions and an important contributor to socioeconomic health inequalities. However, little is known about the associations between individuals' socioeconomic circumstances and alcohol consumption, especially heavy episodic drinking (HED; ≥5 drinks on one occasion) in low-income or middle-income countries. We investigated the association between individual and household level socioeconomic status, and alcohol drinking habits in these settings. Methods: In this pooled analysis of individual-level data, we used available nationally representative surveys-mainly WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance surveys-conducted in 55 low-income and middle-income countries between 2005 and 2017 reporting on alcohol use. Surveys from participants aged 15 years or older were included. Logistic regression models controlling for age, country, and …

matched on Alcohol Drinking (mesh)