Stress physiology and inflammation

وَنُوحًا إِذۡ نَادَىٰ مِن قَبۡلُ فَٱسۡتَجَبۡنَا لَهُۥ فَنَجَّيۡنَٰهُ وَأَهۡلَهُۥ مِنَ ٱلۡكَرۡبِ ٱلۡعَظِيمِ

Long before that, We answered Noah when he cried out to Us: We saved him and his family from the great calamity

وَنَجَّيۡنَٰهُمَا وَقَوۡمَهُمَا مِنَ ٱلۡكَرۡبِ ٱلۡعَظِيمِ

We saved them and their people from great distress

وَنَجَّيۡنَٰهُ وَأَهۡلَهُۥ مِنَ ٱلۡكَرۡبِ ٱلۡعَظِيمِ

We saved him and his people from great distress

قُلِ ٱللَّهُ يُنَجِّيكُم مِّنۡهَا وَمِن كُلِّ كَرۡبࣲ ثُمَّ أَنتُمۡ تُشۡرِكُونَ

Say, ‘God rescues you from this and every distress; yet still you worship others beside Him.’

وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُۥٓ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُ حُكۡمࣰ ا وَعِلۡمࣰ اۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجۡزِي ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ

When he reached maturity, We gave him judgement and knowledge: this is how We reward those who do good

وَلَا تَقۡرَبُواْ مَالَ ٱلۡيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِٱلَّتِي هِيَ أَحۡسَنُ حَتَّىٰ يَبۡلُغَ أَشُدَّهُۥۚ وَأَوۡفُواْ ٱلۡكَيۡلَ وَٱلۡمِيزَانَ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِۖ لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفۡسًا إِلَّا وُسۡعَهَاۖ وَإِذَا قُلۡتُمۡ فَٱعۡدِلُواْ وَلَوۡ كَانَ ذَا قُرۡبَىٰۖ وَبِعَهۡدِ ٱللَّهِ أَوۡفُواْۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ وَصَّىٰكُم بِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَذَكَّرُونَ

Stay well away from the property of orphans, except with the best [intentions], until they come of age; give full measure and weight, according to justice’- We do not burden any soul with more than it can bear- ‘ when you speak, be just, even if it concerns a relative; keep any promises you make in God’s name. This is what He commands you to do, so that you may take heed’

And mention Noah what follows Nūhan substitutes for it when he called when he supplicated to God against his people — with the words My Lord do not leave upon the earth any inhabitant from among the disbelievers … to the end of the verse Q. 7126 before that is before the time of Abraham and Lot. And We responded to him and delivered him and his people who were in the Ark with him from the great agony namely from drowning and his people’s denial of him.

and We delivered them and their people the Children of Israel from the great distress namely Pharaoh’s enslavement of them.

And We delivered him and his family from the great distress which was the drowning

And (remember) Nuh, when he cried (to Us) aforetime. We answered to his invocation and saved him and his family from the great distress (76)We helped him against the people who denied Our Ayat. Verily, they were a people given to evil. So We drowned them all (77) Nuh and His People Allah tells us how He responded to His servant and Messenger Nuh, peace be upon him, when he prayed to Him against his people for their disbelief in him: فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ أَنِّي مَغْلُوبٌ فَانتَصِرْ (Then he invoked his Lord (saying): "I have been overcome, so help (me)!")(54:10) وَقَالَ نُوحٌ رَّبِّ لَا تَذَرْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا - إِنَّكَ إِن تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّوا عِبَادَكَ وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا فَاجِرًا كَفَّارًا (And Nuh said: "My Lord! Leave not any inhabitant of the disbelievers on the earth! If You leave them, they will mislead Your servants, and they will beget none but wic

And, indeed We gave Our grace to Musa and Harun (114)And We saved them and their people from the great distress (115)And helped them, so that they became the victors (116)And We gave them the clear Scripture (117)And guided them to the right path (118)And We left for them among the later generations (119)"Salam (peace!) be upon Musa and Harun! (120)Verily, thus do We reward the doers of good (121)Verily, they were two of Our believing servants (122) Musa and Harun Allah tells us how He blessed Musa and Harun with prophethood and how He saved them, along with those who believed, from the oppression of Fir'awn and his people, who had persecuted them by killing their sons and sparing their women, and by forcing them to do the most menial tasks, then ultimately He caused them to prevail over them and to seize their lands and their wealth and all that they had spent their entire lives amass

And indeed Nuh invoked Us, and We are the best of those who answer (75)And We rescued him and his family from the great distress (76)And, his progeny, them We made the survivors (77)And left for him (a goodly remembrance) among the later generation (78)"Salam (peace!) be upon Nuh among the all creatures! (79)Verily, thus We reward the gooddoers (80)Verily, he [Nuh] was one of Our believing servants (81)Then We drowned the others (82) Nuh and His People When Allah tells us about how most of the early people went astray from the path of salvation, He starts the detailed explanation of that with the story of Nuh and the rejection of his people. Only a few of Nuh's people believed in him, despite the long period of time he spent among them. He stayed among them for one thousand years less fifty, and after he stayed among them for so long and their disbelief became too much for him to bear

حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ مَا يُصِيبُ الْمُسْلِمَ مِنْ نَصَبٍ وَلاَ وَصَبٍ وَلاَ هَمٍّ وَلاَ حُزْنٍ وَلاَ أَذًى وَلاَ غَمٍّ حَتَّى الشَّوْكَةِ يُشَاكُهَا، إِلاَّ كَفَّرَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِنْ خَطَايَاهُ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri and Abu Huraira:The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "No fatigue, nor disease, nor sorrow, nor sadness, nor hurt, nor distress befalls a Muslim, even if it were the prick he receives from a thorn, but that Allah expiates some of his sins for that

حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُلَيْحٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ هِلاَلِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَىٍّ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ مَثَلُ الْمُؤْمِنِ كَمَثَلِ الْخَامَةِ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَتَتْهَا الرِّيحُ كَفَأَتْهَا، فَإِذَا اعْتَدَلَتْ تَكَفَّأُ بِالْبَلاَءِ، وَالْفَاجِرُ كَالأَرْزَةِ صَمَّاءَ مُعْتَدِلَةً حَتَّى يَقْصِمَهَا اللَّهُ إِذَا شَاءَ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Abu Huraira:Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The example of a believer is that of a fresh tender plant; from whatever direction the wind comes, it bends it, but when the wind becomes quiet, it becomes straight again. Similarly, a believer is afflicted with calamities (but he remains patient till Allah removes his difficulties.) And an impious wicked person is like a pine tree which keeps hard and straight till Allah cuts (breaks) it down when He wishes." (See Hadith No. 558, Vol)

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، قال حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَرْوِيُّ، قال حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ غَزِيَّةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ إِذَا أَحَبَّ اللَّهُ عَبْدًا حَمَاهُ الدُّنْيَا كَمَا يَظَلُّ أَحَدُكُمْ يَحْمِي سَقِيمَهُ الْمَاءَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ صُهَيْبٍ وَأُمِّ الْمُنْذِرِ ‏.‏ وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ ‏.‏ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مُرْسَلاً ‏.‏ حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، قال أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَحْوَهُ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَقَتَادَةُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ الظَّفَرِيُّ هُوَ أَخُو أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ لأُمِّهِ وَمَحْمُودُ بْنُ لَبِيدٍ قَدْ أَدْرَكَ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَرَآهُ وَهُوَ غُلاَمٌ صَغِيرٌ ‏.‏

Qatadah bin An-Nu'man narrated that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said:"When Allah loves a slave, He prevents him from the world, just as one of you prevents his sick from water." Another chain reports a similar narration

حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، قال حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قال حَدَّثَنَا فُلَيْحُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ، عَنْ أُمِّ الْمُنْذِرِ، قَالَتْ دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَمَعَهُ عَلِيٌّ وَلَنَا دَوَالٍ مُعَلَّقَةٌ قَالَتْ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَأْكُلُ وَعَلِيٌّ مَعَهُ يَأْكُلُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لِعَلِيٍّ ‏"‏ مَهْ مَهْ يَا عَلِيُّ فَإِنَّكَ نَاقِهٌ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَجَلَسَ عَلِيٌّ وَالنَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَأْكُلُ ‏.‏ قَالَتْ فَجَعَلْتُ لَهُمْ سِلْقًا وَشَعِيرًا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ يَا عَلِيُّ مِنْ هَذَا فَأَصِبْ فَإِنَّهُ أَوْفَقُ لَكَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ لاَ نَعْرِفُهُ إِلاَّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ فُلَيْحٍ ‏.‏ وَيُرْوَى عَنْ فُلَيْحٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ‏.‏ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، قال حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ، وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا فُلَيْحُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ، عَنْ أُمِّ الْمُنْذِرِ الأَنْصَارِيَّةِ، فِي حَدِيثِهِ قَالَتْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلاَّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ ‏"‏ أَنْفَعُ لَكَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ وَحَدَّثَنِيهِ أَيُّوبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ‏.‏ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ جَيِّدٌ غَرِيبٌ ‏.‏

Umm Al-Mundhir said:"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) entered upon me, while `Ali was with him, and we had a cluster of unripe dates hanging." She said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) began eating, and `Ali ate with him. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to `Ali: 'Stop, stop, for you are still recovering.' So `Ali sat and the Prophet (ﷺ) ate." She said: "I made some chard and barley for them, so the Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'O `Ali eat from this, for indeed it will be more suitable for you." Another chain reports a similar narration

62 الثالث عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال كنت خلف النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يوما فقال يا غلام إني أعلمك كلمات احفظ الله يحفظك احفظ الله تجده تجاهك إذا سألت فاسأل الله وإذا استعنت فاستعن بالله واعلم أن الأمة لو اجتمعت على أن ينفعوك بشيء لم ينفعوك إلا بشيء قد كتبه الله لك وإن اجتمعوا على أن يضروك بشيء لم يضروك إلا بشيء قد كتبه الله عليك رفعت الأقلام وجفت الصحف رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن صحيح وفي رواية غير الترمذي احفظ الله تجده أمامك تعرف إلى الله في الرخاء يعرفك في الشدة واعلم أن ما أخطأك لم يكن ليصيبك وما أصابك لم يكن ليخطئك واعلم أن النصر مع الصبر وأن الفرج مع الكرب وأن مع العسر يسرا

التاسعة والخمسون ان ذكر الله عز وجل يسهل الصعب وييسر العسير ويخفف المشاق فما ذكر الله عز وجل على صعب الا هان ولا على عسير الا تيسر ولا مشقة الا خفت ولا شدة الا زالت ولا كربه الا انفرجت فذكر الله تعالى هو الفرج بعد الشدة واليسر بعد العسر والفرج بعد الغم والهم يوضحه

وقالت أسماء بنت عميس : علمني رسول اللهكلمات أقولها عند الكرب : الله الله ربي لا أشرك به شيئا

التنفيس هو الترويح يقال نفس الله عنك الكرب أي اراحك منه وفي الحديث الصحيح من نفس عن مؤمن كربة من كرب الدنيا نفس الله عنه كربة من كرب يوم القيامة

وفى "صحيح البخاري" من حديث أنس رضي الله عنه قال: لما ثقل النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم، جعل يتغشاه الكرب، فقالت فاطمة رضي الله عنها: واكرب أبتاه! فقال لها: "ليس على أبيك كرب بعد اليوم".

خليلي ما من ساعة تذكرانها % من الدهر إلا فرجت عني الكربا

Disruption of multisystem responses to stress in type 2 diabetes: investigating the dynamics of allostatic load.: Psychological stress-related processes are thought to contribute to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes, but the biological mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Here, we tested the notion that people with type 2 diabetes experience chronic allostatic load, manifest as dynamic disturbances in reactivity to and recovery from stress across multiple (cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, inflammatory, metabolic) biological systems, coupled with heightened experience of chronic life st

The influences of vitamin D and omega-3 co-supplementation on clinical, metabolic and genetic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the co-administration of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid on clinical, metabolic and genetic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 subjects, aged 18-40 years old with PCOS. Subjects were randomly allocated to take either 50,000 IU vitamin D every 2 weeks plus 2000 mg/day omega-3 fatty acid from fish oil (n = 30) or pla

The effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.: Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative markers among the adult population. Methods: We carried out a comprehensive, systematic search of Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar till December 2022. A random-effects model was used to estimate the overall effect size. Results: In total, twenty trials consisting of 1086 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Fi

Cumulative meta-analysis of interleukins 6 and 1β, tumour necrosis factor α and C-reactive protein in patients with major depressive disorder.: Cumulative meta-analyses are used to evaluate the extent to which further studies are needed to confirm or refute a hypothesis. We used this approach to assess observational evidence on systemic inflammation in individuals with major depressive disorder. We identified 58 studies of four common inflammatory markers in a literature search of PubMed, Embase and PsychInfo databases in May 2014. Pooled data from the earliest eight studies already showed an association between interleukin-6 concentrat

Towards a consensus definition of allostatic load: a multi-cohort, multi-system, multi-biomarker individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis.: Background: Allostatic load (AL) is a multi-system composite index for quantifying physiological dysregulation caused by life course stressors. For over 30 years, an extensive body of research has drawn on the AL framework but has been hampered by the lack of a consistent definition. Methods: This study analyses data for 67,126 individuals aged 40-111 years participating in 13 different cohort studies and 40 biomarkers across 12 physiological systems: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, s

Cytokines and C-reactive protein alterations with respect to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A systematic review.: Background: The aim of this article was to perform a systematic review of studies investigating the association between peripheral levels of cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokine gene polymorphisms and cognition in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD). Methods: The following databases: PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Academic Search Complete, ERIC and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition databases were searched according to the PRISMA guidelines. We included studies that

Functional characterization of the Arabidopsis bHLH92 transcription factor in abiotic stress.

In our previous microarray analysis of NaCl-treated Arabidopsis roots, we identified a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, bHLH92 (At5g43650), as one of the transcripts showing the greatest fold-increase in abundance upon NaCl exposure. Here, we characterize the role of bHLH92 in the context of abiotic stress physiology and hormone responses. We observed that bHLH92 transcript abundance increases in response to NaCl, dehydration, mannitol, and cold treatments, and compared these responses to those of two closely related genes: bHLH41 and bHLH42. The NaCl-inducibility of bHLH92 was only partially dependent on abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE2 (SOS2) pathways. As compared to WT, root elongation of bhlh92 mutants was more sensitive to mannitol, and these mutants also showed increased electrolyte leakage following NaCl treatments. Overexpression of b…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Fear and loathing in the benthos: Responses of aquatic insect larvae to the pesticide imidacloprid in the presence of chemical signals of predation risk.

The influence of interactions between pesticide exposure and perceived predation risk on the lethal and sub-lethal responses of two aquatic insects was investigated using the pesticide imidacloprid, and a combination of predator-release kairomones from trout and alarm substances from conspecifics. Laboratory experiments examined feeding and respiration rates of the caddisfly Sericostoma vittatum as well as the growth, emergence and respiration rates of the midge Chironomus riparius, exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of imidacloprid. The effects of the two stressors on burrowing behaviour of both species were also assessed. The results show significant effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of imidacloprid on all endpoints studied. Perceived predation risk also elicited sub-lethal effects in C. riparius and S. vittatum, the latter species being less responsive to predation …

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Stress-induced changes in nucleus accumbens glutamate synaptic plasticity.

Stress hormones released in the CNS following exposure to unavoidable, aversive stimuli have been shown to alter the physiology of neurons in multiple brain regions including hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and ventral tegmental area. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a motor-limbic interface linked to motivation and reward, receives inputs from each of these stress-affected brain regions, raising the possibility that its function might also be altered in response to stress. To assess potential stress-induced plasticity in the NAc, we exposed adult mice to daily cold water forced swim for 2 consecutive days and conducted electrophysiological experiments assessing glutamate receptor function in brain slices taken 18-24 h following the second swim. We found that AMPA receptor (AMPAR)/N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) ratios, a measure of synaptic strength, were increased in the NA…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Stress response and the adolescent transition: performance versus peer rejection stressors.

Little is known about normative variation in stress response over the adolescent transition. This study examined neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to performance and peer rejection stressors over the adolescent transition in a normative sample. Participants were 82 healthy children (ages 7-12 years, n = 39, 22 females) and adolescents (ages 13-17, n = 43, 20 females) recruited through community postings. Following a habituation session, participants completed a performance (public speaking, mental arithmetic, mirror tracing) or peer rejection (exclusion challenges) stress session. Salivary cortisol, salivary alpha amylase (sAA), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and heart rate were measured throughout. Adolescents showed significantly greater cortisol, sAA, SBP, and DBP stress response relative to children. Developmental differences were most pronounced in the p…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Proteomic analysis of cold stress-responsive proteins in Thellungiella rosette leaves.

Low temperature is one of the most severe environmental factors that impair plant growth and agricultural production. To investigate how Thellungiella halophila, an Arabidopsis-like extremophile, adapts to cold stress, a comparative proteomic approach based on two-dimensional electrophoresis was adopted to identify proteins that changed in abundance in Thellungiella rosette leaves during short term (6 h, 2 and 5 days) and long term (24 days) exposure to cold stress. Sixty-six protein spots exhibited significant change at least at one time point and maximal cold stress induced-proteome change was found in long-term cold stress group while the minimal change was found in 6-h cold treatment group. Fifty protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry analysis. The identified proteins mainly participate in photosynthesis, RNA metabolism, defense response, energy pathway, protein synthesis…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Neonatal lipopolysaccharide and adult stress exposure predisposes rats to anxiety-like behaviour and blunted corticosterone responses: implications for the double-hit hypothesis.

The double-hit hypothesis posits that an early life genetic or environmental insult sets up a neural predisposition to psychopathology, which may emerge in the presence of a subsequent insult, or 'second hit' in later life. The current study assessed the effect of neonatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure on anxiety-like behaviours in the adult Wistar rat. Rats were administered either LPS (Salmonella enterica, serotype enteritidis, 0.05 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline (equivolume) on days 3 and 5 of life (birth=day 1). In adulthood (85 days), subjects were allocated to either "stress" or "no stress" treatment groups. For the "stress" group, subjects were exposed to a three-day stress protocol consisting of a 30 min period of restraint and isolation. The "no stress" group was left unperturbed but were handled during this period to control for handling effects between adult "stress" and "no stres…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

GABAergic antagonism of the central nucleus of the amygdala attenuates reductions in rapid eye movement sleep after inescapable footshock stress.

Study objectives: Rapid eye movement sleep (REM) appears to be especially susceptible to the effects of stress; inescapable footshock stress (IS) can produce reductions in REM that can occur without recovery sleep. The amygdala has well-established roles in stress and emotion; the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA) projects to REM regulatory regions in the brainstem and has been found to play a key role in the regulation of REM. The objective of this study was to determine whether the reduction in REM induced by IS could be regulated by CNA and brainstem regions. Design: The GABAergic agonist muscimol (MUS) and GABAergic antagonist bicuculline (BIC) were microinjected into CNA before IS, and sleep was recorded for 20 h. In a second experiment using the same manipulations, sleep was recorded for 2 h, after which the rats were killed to evaluate Fos expression (a marker of neuronal acti…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Proinflammatory cytokines in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemic stress in healthy subjects.

Hyperglycemic crises of diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperglycemia are associated with elevation of counterregulatory hormones and proinflammatory cytokines, markers of lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. To investigate if other conditions besides hyperglycemia could evoke such a prompt increase in cytokine levels, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress markers, we induced hypoglycemic stress by standard insulin tolerance test and measured proinflammatory cytokines, markers of lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and counterregulatory hormones. Insulin tolerance test was performed in 13 healthy male subjects with no history of infection, cardiovascular risk factors, or abnormal glucose. At baseline and at 30, 45, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after insulin injection, the following parameters were measured: glucose, cortisol, corticotropin, epinephrine (EP), norep…

matched on Cytokines (mesh), Inflammation Mediators (mesh)

Child and genetic variables associated with maternal adaptation to fragile X syndrome: a multidimensional analysis.

One hundred eight carrier mothers (95 premutation, 13 full mutation) of children with the full mutation fragile X syndrome completed seven scales to assess maternal stress, depressive symptoms, anger, anxiety, quality of life, hope, and optimism. A wide range of responses was found on each measure, with most mothers scoring in the non-clinical range on any individual measure. However, nearly half of the mothers scored in the clinically significant range on at least one measure and 25% on two or more measures. High stress and low quality of life were the most common domains of concern. Mothers with the full mutation generally did not differ from mothers with the premutation. CGG repeat length was not associated with responses on any of the measures completed by mothers with the premutation. Severity of the child's delay was not associated with any of the outcome measures, but child behavi…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Telomere attrition is associated with inflammation, low fetuin-A levels and high mortality in prevalent haemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) predisposes to a 10- to 20-fold increased cardiovascular risk. Patients undergo accelerated atherogenesis and vascular ageing. We investigated whether telomere attrition, a marker of cell senescence, contributes to this increased mortality risk. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in prevalent haemodialysis patients [n = 175; 98 Males; median (range) age: 66 (23-86) years]. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress and inflammatory status were measured in relation to the patient's leucocyte telomere length. Overall mortality was assessed after a median of 31 (range 2-42) months. Results: Telomere length was shorter in CKD men, despite women being older (average +/- SD 6.41 +/- 1.23 vs. 6.96 +/- 1.48 kb, P = 0.002). Telomere length was associated with age (rho = -0.18, P = 0.01), fetuin-A (rho = 0.26, P = 0.0004), high-sensitivity C-reactive p…

matched on Oxidative Stress (mesh), Inflammation Mediators (mesh)

Effects of pre-learning stress on memory for neutral, positive and negative words: Different roles of cortisol and autonomic arousal.

Stress can have enhancing or impairing effects on memory. Here, we addressed the effect of pre-learning stress on subsequent memory and asked whether neutral and emotionally valent information are differentially affected by specific stress components, autonomic arousal and stress-induced cortisol. Ninety-six healthy men and women underwent either a stressor (modified cold pressor test) or a control warm water exposure. During stress, participants showed comparable autonomic arousal (heart rate, blood pressure), while 60 percent showed an increase of cortisol (responders vs. 40 percent non-responders). Ten minutes after the cold pressor test neutral, positive and negative words were presented. Free recall was tested 1 and 24h later. Overall, positive and negative words were better recalled than neutral words. Stress enhanced the recall of neutral words independently of cortisol response. …

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Sex-specific programming of offspring emotionality after stress early in pregnancy.

Prenatal stress is associated with an increased vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. To determine the critical time window when fetal antecedents may induce a disease predisposition, we examined behavioral responses in offspring exposed to stress during early, mid, and late gestation. We found that male offspring exposed to stress early in gestation displayed maladaptive behavioral stress responsivity, anhedonia, and an increased sensitivity to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. Long-term alterations in central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression, as well as increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsivity, were present in these mice and likely contributed to an elevated stress sensitivity. Changes in CRF and GR gene methylation correlated with altered gene expression…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Stressor-specific alterations in corticosterone and immune responses in mice.

Different stressors likely elicit different physiological and behavioral responses. Previously reported differences in the effects of stressors on immune function may reflect qualitatively different physiological responses to stressors; alternatively, both large and subtle differences in testing protocols and methods among laboratories may make direct comparisons among studies difficult. Here we examine the effects of chronic stressors on plasma corticosterone concentrations, leukocyte redistribution, and skin delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and the effects of acute stressors on plasma corticosterone and leukocyte redistribution. The effects of several commonly used laboratory stressors including restraint, forced swim, isolation, and low ambient temperatures (4 degrees C) were examined. Exposure to each stressor elevated corticosterone concentrations, with restraint (a putative psy…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Dietary restraint and telomere length in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Background: Leukocyte telomere shortening can serve as a biomarker of aging, as telomere length (TL) can decline with age and shortening is positively associated with morbidity and mortality. It is therefore important to identify psychological and behavioral factors linked to accelerated telomere shortening. Stress and poorer metabolic health (greater adiposity, insulin resistance, and cortisol) correlate with shorter telomeres. Self-reported dietary restraint (DR), defined as chronic preoccupation with weight and attempts at restricting food intake, is linked to greater perceived stress, cortisol, and weight gain, when assessed in community studies (versus in weight loss programs). Objective: To test for an association between DR and TL in healthy women across a range of ages. Methods: We examined whether DR is linked to TL in two samples, one of premenopausal women (aged 20-50 years;N …

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Maternal symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety are related to nonresponsive feeding styles in a statewide sample of WIC participants.

Parenting, including nonresponsive feeding styles, has been related to under- or overweight among young children. The relationship between maternal mental health and feeding styles has not been examined. We hypothesized that mothers who report more symptoms of stress, depression, or anxiety report less responsive (e.g. more controlling, indulgent, and uninvolved) feeding styles than mothers who report fewer symptoms of stress, depression, or anxiety. Our analyses included 702 mother-infant pairs from a statewide sample of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children mothers. We assessed maternal mental health and feeding styles by a telephone survey. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, maternal stress symptomatology was significantly associated with forceful (beta = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.05) and uninvolved (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.7) feeding…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Development of the corticosteroid stress axis and receptor expression in zebrafish.

Using zebrafish embryos and larvae, we examined the temporal patterns of cortisol and expression of genes involved in corticosteroid synthesis and signaling. Embryonic cortisol levels decreased approximately 70% from 1.5 h postfertilization (hpf) to hatch (approximately 42 hpf) and then increased 27-fold by 146 hpf. The mRNA abundances of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, 11beta-hydroxylase and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, increased severalfold after hatch and preceded the rise of cortisol levels. In contrast to other teleosts that possess two glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and one mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), only one GR and MR were identified in zebrafish, which were cloned and sequenced. GR mRNA abundance decreased from 1.5 to 25 hpf, rebounded, and then was stable from 49 to 146 hpf. MR transcripts increased continuously from 1.5 hpf and were 52-fold higher b…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis subregions differentially regulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity: implications for the integration of limbic inputs.

Limbic and cortical neurocircuits profoundly influence hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses to stress yet have little or no direct projections to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Numerous lines of evidence suggest that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) is well positioned to relay limbic information to the PVN. The BST comprises multiple anatomically distinct nuclei, of which some are known to receive direct limbic and/or cortical input and to heavily innervate the PVN. Our studies test the hypothesis that subregions of the BST differentially regulate HPA axis responses to acute stress. Male Sprague Dawley rats received bilateral ibotenate lesions, targeting either the principal nucleus in the posterior BST or the dorsomedial/fusiform nuclei in the anteroventral BST. Posterior BST lesions elevated plasma ACTH and corticosterone in response to acut…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Telomere length and cardiovascular risk factors in a middle-aged population free of overt cardiovascular disease.

Evidence assembled over the last decade shows that average telomere length (TL) acts as a biomarker for biological aging and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in particular. Although essential for a more profound understanding of the underlying mechanisms, little reference information is available on TL. We therefore sought to provide baseline TL information and assess the association of prevalent CVD risk factors with TL in subjects free of overt CVD within a small age range. We measured mean telomere restriction fragment length of peripheral blood leukocytes in a large, representative Asklepios study cohort of 2509 community-dwelling, Caucasian female and male volunteers aged approximately 35-55 years and free of overt CVD. We found a manifest age-dependent telomere attrition, at a significantly faster rate in men as compared to women. No significant associations were established with class…

matched on Oxidative Stress (mesh), Inflammation Mediators (mesh)

Serotonin activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via serotonin 2C receptor stimulation.

The dynamic interplay between serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] neurotransmission and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been extensively studied over the past 30 years, but the underlying mechanism of this interaction has not been defined. A possibility receiving little attention is that 5-HT regulates upstream corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) signaling systems via activation of serotonin 2C receptors (5-HT(2C)Rs) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Through complementary approaches in wild-type rodents and 5-HT(2C)R-deficient mice, we determined that 5-HT(2C)Rs are necessary for 5-HT-induced HPA axis activation. We used laser-capture PVH microdissection followed by microarray analysis to compare the expression of 13 5-HTRs. Only 5-HT(2C)R and 5-HT(1D)R transcripts were consistently identified as present in the PVH, and of these, the 5-HT(2C…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Psychosocial influences on immunity, including effects on immune maturation and senescence.

Studies investigating the influence of psychosocial factors on immunity played a critical and formative role in the field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), and have been a major component of articles published in Brain, Behavior and Immunity (BBI). An analysis of papers during the first two decades of BBI from 1987-2006 revealed three behavior-related topics were most prominent: (1) stress-induced changes in immune responses, (2) immune correlates of psychopathology and personality, and (3) behavioral conditioning of immunity. Important subthemes included the effect of early rearing conditions on immune maturation in the developing infant and, subsequently, psychosocial influences affecting the decline of immunity in the senescent host. The responsiveness of cell functioning in the young and elderly helped to validate the view that our immune competence is malleable. Many technical advance…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Caregiver burden in multiple sclerosis: the impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Background: We studied the level of distress in caregivers of patients with recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis (MS), and their relation to clinical characteristics. Methods: Caregivers of patients with MS and Parkinson's disease completed measures of distress and quality of life. MS patients underwent neurological, neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological examinations. Multivariate regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between patient variables and caregiver distress. Results: Caregivers of patients with MS experienced high levels of distress and reduced quality of life related to caregiving. The level of distress was similar to that reported by elderly spouses of patients with longstanding Parkinson's disease. Psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment in patients with MS were associated with caregiver's distress and quality of life, even after controlling for l…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Symptoms and syndromes of bodily distress: an exploratory study of 978 internal medical, neurological, and primary care patients.

Objective: Physical complaints not attributable to verifiable, conventionally defined diseases, i.e., medically unexplained or functional somatic symptoms, are prevalent in all medical settings, but their classification is contested as numerous overlapping diagnoses and syndrome labels have been introduced. This study aims to determine whether functional somatic symptoms cluster into distinct syndromes and diagnostic entities. Methods: The 978 consecutively admitted patients from a neurological department (n = 120), a medical department (n = 157), and from primary care (n = 701) were interviewed using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) diagnostic instrument. Results: Patients complained of a median of five functional somatic symptoms; women of six, men of four (p < .0001). No single symptoms stood out as distinctive for patients with multiple symptoms. Princi…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

The role of mindfulness in a contextual cognitive-behavioral analysis of chronic pain-related suffering and disability.

An increasing number of studies consider the specific processes by which distressing sensations, thoughts, and emotional experiences exert their influence on the daily functioning of those who suffer with chronic pain. Clinical methods of mindfulness and the processes that underlie them appear to have clear implications in this area, but have not been systematically investigated to this point in time. The purpose of the present study was to examine mindfulness in relation to the pain, emotional, physical, and social functioning of individuals with chronic pain. The present study included 105 consecutive patients attending a clinical assessment for treatment of chronic pain. Each completed a standardized battery of questionnaires, including a measure of mindfulness, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale [Brown KW, Ryan RM. The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychol…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Stress impacts telomere dynamics.

Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes at the ends of chromosomes that control genomic integrity but appear to become shorter with age and stress. To test whether stress causes telomere attrition, we exposed the offspring of wild-caught house mice (Mus musculus) to stressful conditions and examined the changes in telomere length over six months. We found that females exposed to males and reproductive stress (either with or without crowding) had significantly shorter telomeres than controls, and males exposed to crowding stress had shorter telomeres than males that were not crowded. Our results indicate that stress alters telomere dynamics, causing attrition and hindering restoration, and these effects are sex dependent. Telomeres may thus provide a biomarker for assessing an individual's cumulative exposure or ability to cope with stressful conditions.

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)

Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol responses to stress in healthy adults reporting significant childhood maltreatment.

Background: Preclinical research findings suggest that exposure to stress and concomitant hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation during early development can have permanent and potentially deleterious effects. A history of early-life abuse or neglect appears to increase risk for mood and anxiety disorders. Abnormal HPA response to stress challenge has been reported in adult patients with major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Methods: Plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and cortisol reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Test were examined in healthy adults (n = 50) without current psychopathology. Subjects with a self-reported history of moderate to severe childhood maltreatment (MAL) (n = 23) as measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were compared with subjects without such a history (CTL) (n = 27). Results: Compared with CTLs, MAL subje…

matched on Stress, Physiological (mesh)