Positive functioning as an outcome in its own right.
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3051 to 3075 of 6,178An exploration of subjective wellbeing among people experiencing homelessness: a strengths-based approach.
Negative perceptions of homelessness contribute to deficit models of practice, false notions of homogeneity, and marginalization. Wellbeing is a state of satisfaction with material, social, and human aspects of life and can be measured both objectively and subjectively. The study explored the meaning and experience of wellbeing in the everyday lives of 20 homeless participants through fieldwork and interviews. This study revealed that health contributed little to their overall perception of wellbeing. Keeping safe, being positive and feeling good, connecting with others, and the ability to participate in "normal" life were the key contributors of subjective wellbeing. The authors demonstrate that social exclusion experienced in homelessness has a negative effect on subjective wellbeing. Services that provide opportunities to experience social inclusion and develop community and cultural …
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What factors affect life satisfaction (LS) among the oldest-old?
Few studies have examined the association between LS in the oldest-old and not only health-related, but also psychological and socio-economical factors. The aim of this study was to examine LS in relation to functional capacity, locus of control (LoC) health status and other factors previously known to influence LS in the oldest-old. The study population consisted of 681 individuals aged 78-98 years, drawn from the longitudinal population study "Good Aging in Skåne" (GÅS), part of a national survey (SNAC) who fulfilled a questionnaire. In a regression model was shown that the number of symptoms, marital status, LoC, especially internal and powerful others, depressive mood and age significantly could predict life satisfaction three years later. Specific diagnoses like stroke, dementia and cardiac disease were not related to LS. Independence in physical functioning was related to unchanged…
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Which health conditions cause the most unhappiness?
This paper assesses the effects of different health conditions on happiness. Based on new data for Latin America, we examine the effects of different conditions across age, gender, and income cohorts. Anxiety and pain have stronger effects than physical problems, likely because people adapt better to one-time shocks than to constant uncertainty. The negative effects of health conditions are very large when compared with the effects of income on happiness. And, while higher peer income typically elicits envy, better peer health provides positive signals for life and health satisfaction. Health norms vary widely across countries.
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The association of family support and wellbeing in later life depends on adult attachment style.
The current study examines the association between family support and wellbeing in the elderly, paying particular attention to the possible moderating role of attachment style. Data from a community-dwelling, ethnically diverse, elderly sample (N = 1118) were analyzed to determine the best linear combination of emotional support, instrumental support, and attachment styles predicting wellbeing. Emotional support generally was associated with higher wellbeing whereas instrumental support was related to decreased wellbeing. As expected, however, these associations were qualified by attachment style. Receiving emotional support had stronger positive and instrumental support less negative effects on the wellbeing of elderly individuals with higher attachment security. Given increased longevity, family networks may become important sources of support for the elderly. Work detailing when, how,…
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Marital status, partner satisfaction, and depressive symptoms in older men and women.
Objectives: To determine if marital status is associated with depressive symptoms in men and women, and to determine if partner satisfaction is associated with depressive symptoms.
Methods: Community-dwelling adults (n = 1751) aged 65 years and older were sampled from a representative population-based registry. Age, sex, education, and marital status were self-reported. Satisfaction with living partner was assessed with an item from the terrible-delightful scale. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression was used to assess depressive symptoms, with a score of 15 or more indicating depressive symptoms.
Results: Only 3% of the sample were dissatisfied with their living partner, and those who were dissatisfied with their living partner had higher levels of depressive symptoms. Proportions of men with depressive symptoms were: 20.6% for never married; 19.2% for separated or divorced; 1…
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Depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction in the context of chronic disease: a longitudinal dyadic analysis.
These analyses examined the longitudinal relationships between depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction over a 2-year period as experienced by 315 patients with end-stage renal disease and their spouses. Using multilevel modeling, the authors examined both individual and cross-partner effects of depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction on patients and spouses, testing bidirectional causality. Results indicate that mean and time-varying depressive symptoms of both patients and spouses were associated with their own marital satisfaction. Although mean marital satisfaction was associated with own depressive symptoms for both patients and spouses, time-varying marital satisfaction did not affect depressive symptoms for either patients or spouses. Significant cross-partner effects reveal that both mean enduring and time-varying depressive symptoms of the spouse affected marital satisf…
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Locker D (2009)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of public health dentistry67 citations Self-esteem and socioeconomic disparities in self-perceived oral health.
Objective: To determine if psychosocial factors explain the socioeconomic disparities in self-perceived oral health that persist after controlling for oral status variables.
Methods: Data came from the participants in the Canadian Community Health Survey 2003 who were residents in the city of Toronto. Oral health variables included self-rated oral health, a 13-item oral health scale, denture wearing, and having a tooth extracted in the previous year. The last two measures were regarded as proxy indicators of tooth loss. Psychosocial variables included a self-esteem scale, a depression scale, and single items measuring life satisfaction, life stress, and sense of cohesion. Socioeconomic status was assessed using total annual household income.
Results: Interviews were completed with 2,754 dentate persons aged 20 years and over. Bivariate analyses confirmed that there were income gradients …
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The meaning of work and working life after cancer: an interview study.
Background: Cancer survivors have diverse and complex patterns of return to work, but little attention has been given to individual experiences of returning to work.
Objectives: To analyse the meaning of work and working life for cancer survivors over time.
Methods: Participant observation was carried out at a cancer rehabilitation centre. A total of 23 participants were interviewed twice.
Results: Cancer survivors try to get back to work after treatment and try to re-establish their former structure of everyday-life that is seen as a normal and healthy existence. Work contributes to creating the individual as a social being, partaking in social relations with others. Work plays a role in establishing the individual's identity. It is difficult for many to resume work. When they are unable to work, they establish new activities in everyday-life that give meaning to a life. In order to und…
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Adjustment to and satisfaction with retirement: two of a kind?
Multiactor panel data on 778 Dutch employees were used to examine adjustment to and satisfaction with retirement. Regression analyses revealed that adjustment and satisfaction are related, but not identical. Adjustment problems arise from preretirement anxiety about the social consequences of retirement and from a lack of control over the decision. Retirement satisfaction is primarily related to the individual's access to key resources: finances, health, and the marital relationship. The study shows that the retirement transition is multidimensional. The transition involves two developmental challenges: adjustment to the loss of the work role and the social ties of work, and the development of a satisfactory postretirement lifestyle. Making a distinction between these two aspects of the retirement experience is important for a better understanding of the psychological process following r…
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Happiness and life satisfaction prospectively predict self-rated health, physical health, and the presence of limiting, long-term health conditions.
Purpose: To examine the effect of happiness and life satisfaction on health.
Design: Longitudinal data from waves 1 and 3, conducted in 2001 and 2004, respectively, of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey.
Setting: Australia.
Subjects: A total of 9981 respondents aged 18 years and older.
Measures: Outcomes were self-reported health; the absence of long-term, limiting health conditions; and physical health. Happiness was assessed with the following question: "During the past 4 weeks, have you been a happy person"? Life satisfaction was determined with the following question: "All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life"?
Analysis: We used multiple regression analysis to estimate odds ratios (ORs), beta coefficients (beta), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between baseline happiness or life satisfaction and health at wave 3.
Re…
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Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion.
The belief that high income is associated with good mood is widespread but mostly illusory. People with above-average income are relatively satisfied with their lives but are barely happier than others in moment-to-moment experience, tend to be more tense, and do not spend more time in particularly enjoyable activities. Moreover, the effect of income on life satisfaction seems to be transient. We argue that people exaggerate the contribution of income to happiness because they focus, in part, on conventional achievements when evaluating their life or the lives of others.
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Fujita F, Diener E (2005)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of personality and social psychology164 citations Life satisfaction set point: stability and change.
Using data from 17 years of a large and nationally representative panel study from Germany, the authors examined whether there is a set point for life satisfaction (LS)--stability across time, even though it can be perturbed for short periods by life events. The authors found that 24% of respondents changed significantly in LS from the first 5 years to the last 5 years and that stability declined as the period between measurements increased. Average LS in the first 5 years correlated .51 with the 5-year average of LS during the last 5 years. Height, weight, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and personality traits were all more stable than LS, whereas income was about as stable as LS. Almost 9% of the sample changed an average of 3 or more points on a 10-point scale from the first 5 to last 5 years of the study.
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A case study of cognitive behavioral therapy for illness anxiety and depression caused COVID-19 in a breast cancer
Cancer and the various medical treatments and tests are a major physical and psychological challenge for patients, their relatives and for the medical staff as well. Adherence and compliance become critical factors during prolonged oncological therapies. The mental health of people with malignant cancer, untreated psychological symptoms can affect survival by increasing distress and suffering, weakening quality of life and reducing adherence. Furthermore, they have a particularly high comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study is to introduce the tools of cognitive behavioural therapy and the therapeutic indications in the context of mental disorders associated with chronic somatic illness. Our study presents the case of a 66-year-old woman with breast cancer. She was diagnosed with mild depressive episodes and hypochondriasis based on psychodiagnostic assessment. Inst…
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Transcutaneous Electrical Spinal Stimulation Promotes Long-Term Recovery of Upper Extremity Function in Chronic Tetraplegia.
Upper extremity function is the highest priority of tetraplegics for improving quality of life. We aim to determine the therapeutic potential of transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation for restoration of upper extremity function. We tested the hypothesis that cervical stimulation can facilitate neuroplasticity that results in long-lasting improvement in motor control. A 62-year-old male with C3, incomplete, chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) participated in the study. The intervention comprised three alternating periods: 1) transcutaneous spinal stimulation combined with physical therapy (PT); 2) identical PT only; and 3) a brief combination of stimulation and PT once again. Following four weeks of combined stimulation and physical therapy training, all of the following outcome measurements improved: the Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensation, and Prehension test scor…
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Shamanic Healing for Veterans with PTSD: A Case Series.
Context: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious health concern. Current evidence-based treatments for PTSD are efficacious; however, they are not appropriate or tolerated by everyone who needs them. Alternative treatment approaches are needed. Shamanic healing is one such therapy that may potentially be beneficial but no systematic research has been conducted on it for PTSD.
Objective: The objectives of the case series are to (1) develop a structured replicable shamanic treatment plan for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); (2) collect preliminary data on PTSD-related outcomes, and (3) explore the feasibility and potential for adverse events of the plan.
Design: Case series.
Setting: Clinical.
Patients or other participants: Veterans with PTSD.
Intervention: Shamanic healing.
Main outcome measure(s): PTSD symptoms, quality of life, and piritual wellness.
Result…
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Gilbertson S (2013)case reportMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usInternational journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being5 citations Improvisation and meaning.
This article presents and discusses a long-term repeated-immersion research process that explores meaning allocated to an episode of 50 seconds of music improvisation in early neurosurgical rehabilitation by a teenage boy with severe traumatic brain injury and his music therapist. The process began with the original therapy session in August 1994 and extends to the current time of writing in 2013. A diverse selection of qualitative research methods were used during a repeated immersion and engagement with the selected episodes. The multiple methods used in this enquiry include therapeutic narrative analysis and musicological and video analysis during my doctoral research between 2002 and 2004, arts-based research in 2008 using expressive writing, and arts-based research in 2012 based on the creation of a body cast of my right hand as I used it to play the first note of my music improvisi…
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Face transplantation: psychological outcomes at three-year follow-up.
Background: The advent of face transplantation has raised both ethical and psychological issues. Mortality of 18 existing face transplant recipients is 11.1% (2/18) through 2011.
Objective: Psychological outcomes are as important in face transplantation as is restoring the face physically. Little quantitative information has been published this area.
Methods: Data was systematically collected over 3 years with a face transplant recipient, including appearance self-rating, body image, mood changes, pain rating, perception of teasing, quality of life, self-esteem, and social reintegration. We identified a significant gap in rating instruments for use in the field, so we developed the Perception of Teasing-FACES, Facial Anxiety Scale-State, and the Cleveland Clinic FACES score, analogous to the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score for prioritizing patients for a face transplant re…
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Palliative medicine consultation for preparedness planning in patients receiving left ventricular assist devices as destination therapy.
Objective: To assess the benefit of proactive palliative medicine consultation for delineation of goals of care and quality-of-life preferences before implantation of left ventricular assist devices as destination therapy (DT).
Patients and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of patients who received DT between January 15, 2009, and January 1, 2010.
Results: Of 19 patients identified, 13 (68%) received proactive palliative medicine consultation. Median time of palliative medicine consultation was 1 day before DT implantation (range, 5 days before to 16 days after). Thirteen patients (68%) completed advance directives. The DT implantation team and families reported that preimplantation discussions and goals of care planning made postoperative care more clear and that adverse events were handled more effectively. Currently, palliative medicine involvement in patients receiving D…
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Clinical features, pathophysiological mechanisms, and multidisciplinary management strategies for rhinitis-induced adenoid facies in children and adolescents: a review.
Chronic rhinitis and its associated persistent nasal obstruction and mouth breathing are core factors leading to the development of characteristic "rhinitis face" or "adenoid facies" in children and adolescents. This review elucidates the diverse clinical manifestations of "rhinitis face," including: persistent open-mouth posture; abnormal patterns of facial skeletal growth, such as midface hypoplasia and increased lower anterior facial height resulting in "long face syndrome"; alterations in jaw morphology and position, including maxillary constriction, high-arched palate, and mandibular retrognathia or posterior-inferior rotation; and various dentoalveolar malocclusions, such as proclined maxillary incisors, lip incompetence, narrow dental arches, and open bite. Additionally, these include characteristic periorbital skin changes, such as "allergic shiners" (dark circles under the eyes …
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Hikmat R, Suryani S, Yosep I, Jeharsae R, Widianti E, Hidayati NO, Sutini T, Hernawaty T, Sriati A, Rafiyah I (2025)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usBMC psychiatry4 citations Community-based recovery interventions for improving mental health in schizophrenia patients: a scoping review in Southeast Asia.
Background: Schizophrenia is a complex mental health condition that affects an individual's thoughts, perceptions, emotions, and behavior. Recovery from schizophrenia is not solely defined by symptom reduction, but also by the ability to lead a meaningful and fulfilling life within the community. Recovery-oriented approaches emphasize hope, empowerment, social inclusion, and the rebuilding of identity. In Southeast Asia, community-based interventions play a crucial role in supporting individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia through culturally relevant, accessible, and holistic care.
Aim: This scoping review aims to explore the types and characteristics of community-based recovery interventions implemented for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia in Southeast Asia, specifically in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley'…
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Transgender Health in the Middle East Region: What Do We Know So Far? A Literature Review.
Purpose: Our aim is to review transgender people in terms of education, religion, financial security, quality of life (QOL), sexual orientation, behaviors, relationships, access to health care, and gender-affirming therapies in the Middle East region.
Methods: Electronic databases were used. Eligible studies were those targeting transgender people exclusively in Middle Eastern countries.
Results: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people face discrimination with poor access to education and health care. More than half (56%) of trans women admitted that religion is important, and 54% identified as Muslim. The majority of trans women (81%) reported financial hardship, 75% lacked insurance coverage, and 40% claimed a monthly income of <$500. Depression and suicide attempts were common. Discrimination was also endemic in medical settings. QOL was significantly lower. They were mo…
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Kotera Y, Beaumont J, Edwards AM, Cotterill M, Kirkman A, Tofani AC, McPhilbin M, Takhi S, Barnes K, Todowede O, Ingall BR, Asano K, Arimitsu K (2024)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)3 citations A Narrative Review of Compassion Focused Therapy on Positive Mental Health Outcomes.
Background: Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) has been attracting attention in mental health practice and research. CFT is effective in reducing a variety of negative mental health symptoms. Positive mental health (PMH) focuses on an individual's functioning, quality of life, and well-being, aiming to achieve fulfilment. A need for PMH has been increasingly recognised such as national policies incorporating recovery-oriented approaches. However, how effective CFT is for PMH outcomes remains to be investigated. This narrative review aimed to identify the literature that reports evidence on CFT used against PMH outcomes.
Methods: Our research questions (RQs) were as follows: RQ1. What PMH outcomes are targeted in CFT intervention research? RQ2. Is CFT effective for PMH?" Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched on the Ovid platform. All studies that mentioned "compassion focused therapy"…
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Telemedicine Applications for Cancer Rehabilitation: Scoping Review.
Background: Cancer is a significant public health issue worldwide. Treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy often cause psychological and physiological side effects, affecting patients' ability to function and their quality of life (QoL). Physical activity is crucial to cancer rehabilitation, improving physical function and QoL and reducing cancer-related fatigue. However, many patients face barriers to accessing cancer rehabilitation due to socioeconomic factors, transportation issues, and time constraints. Telerehabilitation can potentially overcome these barriers by delivering rehabilitation remotely.
Objective: The aim of the study is to identify how telemedicine is used for the rehabilitation of patients with cancer.
Methods: This scoping review followed recognized frameworks. We conducted an electronic literature search on PubMed for studies published between…
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Exploring the Multifaceted Impact of Acne on Quality of Life and Well-Being.
A suitable portion of the total population still suffers through acne vulgaris, a widespread dermatological illness that mostly affects teens and young adults. Although acne is typically considered to be a cosmetic problem, recent research has concluded that certainly it has a significant role on impacting many physiological aspects of human health. This thorough investigation attempts to examine the intricate effects of acne on human physiology, taking into consideration both systemic and local effects. The study synthesizes research from a number of scientific disciplines, including dermatology, endocrinology, immunology, and psychoneuroimmunology. It investigates the complex interrelationships between several factors, such as sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, hormone imbalance, and Propionibacterium acnes colonisation, that lead to the development of acne. The study al…
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Exploring the Relationship between Psychoneuroimmunology and Oral Diseases: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis.
The relationship between psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) and oral health has recently garnered increasing attention due to the intricate interaction among psychological factors, the nervous system, immune responses, and oral diseases. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the multifaceted connections between PNI and various oral conditions and conduct an in-depth analysis. Psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, and depression, have been linked to oral microbiome alterations and immune function and the development and progression of oral diseases, such as periodontal disorders, oral ulcers, and temporomandibular disorders. Conversely, oral health conditions, particularly chronic periodontitis, have been associated with systemic inflammation, affecting mental health and overall well-being through neuroendocrine-immune pathways. Moreover, neural mechanisms, including the brain-gu…
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