Positive functioning as an outcome in its own right.
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6151 to 6175 of 6,178Social conditions and urban health inequities: realities, challenges and opportunities to transform the urban landscape through research and action.
The process of urbanization entails social improvements with the consequential better quality-of-life for urban residents. However, in many low-income and some middle-income countries, urbanization conveys inequality and exclusion, creating cities and dwellings characterized by poverty, overcrowded conditions, poor housing, severe pollution, and absence of basic services such as water and sanitation. Slums in large cities often have an absence of schools, transportation, health centers, recreational facilities, and other such amenities. Additionally, the persistence of certain conditions, such as poverty, ethnic heterogeneity, and high population turnover, contributes to a lowered ability of individuals and communities to control crime, vandalism, and violence. The social vulnerability in health is not a "natural" or predefined condition but occurs because of the unequal social context t…
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Katrina Cubit; Claudia Meyer (2011)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe Gerontologist28 citations
Aging in Australia
An aging population, growing awareness of chronic disease, and access and navigation of health care services prompt much discussion regarding aging in Australia. Debate within academic and policy circles directs attention toward preventive health, with a growing interest in “healthy aging” and “active aging” where quality of life, rather than years of life, is important. There is little doubt that an aging population places pressure on governments and broader society, but these challenges also present opportunities for positive change. People older than 65 years of age account for 13% of the almost 20 million Australians, with projections suggesting an increase to 26%–28% by 2051 (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2008). Those older than 85 years currently represent 1.6% of the population but will increase to 7%–10% by 2101 (ABS, 2008). Australians enjoy one of the longest life expe…
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Solari-Twadell PA (2010)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN4 citations Providing coping assistance for women with behavioral interventions.
Objective: To describe what parish nurses believe is essential to their practice and identify what nursing interventions they most frequently use.
Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.
Participants: The International Parish Nurse Resource Center provided a list of nurses who completed the standardized core curriculum on parish nursing and were currently working in parish nurse roles in faith communities in the United States.
Methods: The Nursing Intervention Classification System Survey was mailed to 2,330 parish nurses with return envelopes.
Results: The 1,161 parish nurse respondents (50% return) resided in faith communities in 47 states and represented major religious denominations from Christian and non-Christian religious affiliations. Participants identified the most frequently used nursing interventions were in the behavioral domain and coping assistance system.
Conclusions: …
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Malnutrition in a home-living older population: prevalence, incidence and risk factors. A prospective study.
Aims and objectives: To prospectively investigate and describe the prevalence and incidence of malnutrition among home-living older people, related to demographic and medical factors, self-perceived health and health-related quality of life. Another aim was to find predictors for developing risk of malnutrition.
Background: Risk factors for malnutrition have previously been identified as diseases, several medications, low functional status, symptoms of depression and inadequate nutrient intake. Most studies are cross-sectionally performed at hospitals or in nursing care settings.
Design: A prospective study with a sample of 579 home-living older people, randomly selected from a local national register. Examinations were performed at baseline and yearly follow-ups two to four times.
Method: Questionnaires validated and tested for reliability, to detect risk of malnutrition (Mini Nutrition…
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Religious Practice and Spirituality in the Psychological Adjustment of Survivors of Breast Cancer.
Religion and spirituality are resources regularly used by patients with cancer coping with diagnosis and treatment, yet there is little research that examines these factors separately. This study investigated the relationships between religious practice and spirituality and quality of life (QoL) and stress in survivors of breast cancer. The sample included 130 women assessed 2 years following diagnosis. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the authors found that spiritual well-being was significantly associated with QoL and traumatic stress, whereas religious practice was not significantly associated with these variables. The results suggest that it may be helpful for clinicians to address spirituality, in particular with survivors of breast cancer.
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Palmeira AL, Markland DA, Silva MN, Branco TL, Martins SC, Minderico CS, Vieira PN, Barata JT, Serpa SO, Sardinha LB, Teixeira PJ (2009)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity63 citations Reciprocal effects among changes in weight, body image, and other psychological factors during behavioral obesity treatment: a mediation analysis.
Background: Changes in body image and subjective well-being variables (e.g. self-esteem) are often reported as outcomes of obesity treatment. However, they may, in turn, also influence behavioral adherence and success in weight loss. The present study examined associations among obesity treatment-related variables, i.e., change in weight, quality of life, body image, and subjective well-being, exploring their role as both mediators and outcomes, during a behavioral obesity treatment.
Methods: Participants (BMI = 31.1 +/- 4.1 kg/m2; age = 38.4 +/- 6.7 y) were 144 women who attended a 12-month obesity treatment program and a comparison group (n = 49), who received a general health education program. The intervention included regular group meetings promoting lasting behavior changes in physical activity and dietary intake. Body image, quality of life, subjective well-being, and body weight …
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Integrated programs for women with substance use issues and their children: a qualitative meta-synthesis of processes and outcomes.
Background: There is a need for services that effectively and comprehensively address the complex needs of women with substance use issues and their children. A growing body of literature supports the relevance of integrated treatment programs that offer a wide range of services in centralized settings. Quantitative studies suggest that these programs are associated with positive outcomes. A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted to provide insight into the processes that contribute to recovery in integrated programs and women's perceptions of benefits for themselves and their children.
Methods: A comprehensive search of published and unpublished literature to August 2009 was carried out for narrative reports of women's experiences and perceptions of integrated treatment programs. Eligibility for inclusion in the meta-synthesis was determined using defined criteria. Quality assessment …
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Religion and spirituality among bisexual Black men in the USA.
Traditionally, religion has been a major source of institutional support and well-being for Black people in the USA. However, when juxtaposed against sexuality, religion's positive effect upon the lives of non-heterosexual individuals is questionable. Research suggests that non-heterosexuals often abandon structured religion for spirituality due to the homonegativity perpetuated through religious institutions. Although studies have examined religion and spirituality among gays and lesbians, few have examined their roles in the lives of bisexuals. In this study, we analyzed qualitative interviews from 28 bisexual Black men who resided in New York City. In addition to church attendance, participants expressed belonging to religious communities through activities such as music ministry. Despite rejection because of their bisexuality, some participants saw other religious individuals as bein…
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Why do we treat adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? What we want to obtain and to avoid for our patients. SOSORT 2005 Consensus paper.
Background: Medicine is a scientific art: once science is not clear, choices are made according to individual and collective beliefs that should be better understood. This is particularly true in a field like adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, where currently does not exist definitive scientific evidence on the efficacy either of conservative or of surgical treatments.
Aim of the study: To verify the philosophical choices on the final outcome of a group of people believing and engaged in a conservative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis.
Methods: We performed a multifaceted study that included a bibliometric analysis, a questionnaire, and a careful Consensus reaching procedure between experts in the conservative treatment of scoliosis (SOSORT members).
Results: The Consensus reaching procedure has shown to be useful: answers changed in a statistically significant way, and 9 new outcome crit…
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Christina M.; Puchalski; Anna L. and 1 others (2000)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of Palliative Medicine741 citations
Taking a Spiritual History Allows Clinicians to Understand Patients More Fully
Journal of Palliative MedicineVol. 3, No. 1 Innovations in End-of-Life CareTaking a Spiritual History Allows Clinicians to Understand Patients More FullyDr. Christina Puchalski and Anna L. RomerDr. Christina Puchalski and Anna L. RomerPublished Online:19 Apr 2005https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2000.3.129AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byVerbalizing spiritual needs in palliative care: a qualitative interview study on verbal and non-verbal communication in two Danish hospices4 January 2022 | BMC Palliative Care, Vol. 21, No. 1Implementation of an Educational Toolkit to Increase Nurse Competence in Spirituality and Spiritual Care of Oncology Patients8 November 2022 | Journal of Holistic Nursing, Vol. 5Posicionamento sobre a Saúde Cardi…
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Marco A.; Hidalgo; Diane Ehrensaft and 7 others (2013)in a Crossref-registered journal, peer review not confirmed, not read by usHuman Development287 citations
The Gender Affirmative Model: What We Know and What We Aim to Learn
In the summer of 2013, Dr. Jack Drescher published an editorial opinion about gender-nonconforming children in the New York Times in which he stated: ‘‘Currently experts can't tell apart kids who outgrow gender dysphoria (desisters) from those who do not (persisters), and how to treat them is controversial'' [Drescher, 2013, p. 1]. As members of a four-site child gender clinic group, we concur with Dr. Drescher regarding the controversy, but take issue with his assessment of experts and their inability to differentially assess ‘‘persisters'' and ‘‘desisters'' in childhood. We would like to take this opportunity to outline the gender affirmative model from which we practice, dispel myths about this model, and briefly outline the state of knowledge in our field regarding facilitators of healthy psychosocial development in gender-nonconforming children. The major premises informing our mode…
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Mehrdad Hajihasani; Nahid Naderi (2021)peer review not established, not yet read by usDOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)11 citations
Death Anxiety in the Elderly: The Role of Spiritual Health and Perceived Social Support
Aging as one of the most important periods of life is associated with many challenges including death anxiety. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the role of spiritual health and perceived social support in predicting death anxiety in the elderly. The present study was a descriptive-correlational one. The study population consisted of the elderly living in Shahrekord in 2020, among whom 385 were selected using convenience sampling method and were assessed by the scales of Templer Death Anxiety, Zemen Perceived Social Support and Paloutzian & Ellison spiritual health. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis in SPSS software version 22. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between spiritual health (r=-0.51), perceived social support by family (r=-0.37), friends (r=-0.30) and significant other (r=-0.16…
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Aleksandra Kovač; Snežana Tovilović; Vojislava Bugarski Ignjatović and 2 others (2018)in a Crossref-registered journal, peer review not confirmed, not read by usVojnosanitetski pregled17 citations
The role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in health related quality of life of breast cancer patients
Background/Aim. Breast cancer is often accompanied by patients? unpleasant emotional states, which can significantly affect both the undergoing treatment and the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in relation between emotional distress and various aspects of patients? quality of life, which would further indicate different psychotherapeutic interventions in psycho-oncological practice. Methods. The sample consisted of 97 breast cancer patients. Emotional distress was measured by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), cognitive emotion regulation strategies were measured using the Cognitive emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-36), while various aspects of health related quality of life were assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) questionnaire. Multipl…
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Neil J.; Weissman; Sonja V. and 7 others (2017)in a Crossref-registered journal, peer review not confirmed, not read by usJournal of Couple & Relationship Therapy45 citations
The Effectiveness of Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy With Veterans With PTSD: A Pilot Study
The current study is a pilot project conducted at Baltimore VA Medical Center investigating the use of emotionally focused couples therapy (EFT) for couples in which one partner is a veteran who has been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fifteen couples enrolled in the study and seven of these couples completed treatment (26 to 36 weekly sessions of EFT). Both partners were assessed on measures of relationship satisfaction, psychological distress, depression, and quality of life, and veterans were assessed on measures of PTSD symptoms at baseline and 2 weeks after the intervention. Paired t-tests were used to compare scores before and after EFT. In terms of results, the veterans' partners reported significant improvements in relationship and life satisfaction and in decreased depression and a decrease in psychological distress. Veterans demonstrated a significant decre…
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Timothy M.; Gardner; Christian U. and 3 others (2013)in a Crossref-registered journal, peer review not confirmed, not read by usMental Health Religion & Culture88 citations
Religious coping, stress, and quality of life of Muslim university students in New Zealand
Most of the research on religious coping has been conducted with Christian participants from Western cultures, although in recent years increasingly more studies have been conducted with Muslim participants. For university students in Muslim countries, religiosity is positively correlated with a variety of indices of mental health and psychological well-being, but only a small number of studies investigated coping in Muslims living and studying in a non-Muslim country. The present study thus explored the relationship between perceived stress, quality of life (QOL), and religious coping in a sample of 114 Muslim university students in New Zealand. International Muslim students had higher levels of spirituality/religiousness than domestic Muslim students, and used more positive and negative religious coping methods. For international students, positive religious coping was positively relat…
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Tim Gard; Narayan Brach; Britta K. and 6 others (2012)in a Crossref-registered journal, peer review not confirmed, not read by usThe Journal of Positive Psychology164 citations
Effects of a yoga-based intervention for young adults on quality of life and perceived stress: The potential mediating roles of mindfulness and self-compassion
The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of a yoga-based program on quality of life, perceived stress, mindfulness, and self-compassion in young adults. These variables were measured in 33 self-selected participants of a four-month residential yoga intervention before and after the program. Forty-three demographically matched controls completed the same questionnaires at two time points with a four-month interval inbetween. Participation in the program predicted increases in quality of life and decreases in perceived stress, mediated by mindfulness and self-compassion. Multiple mediator models revealed that the effect of group on quality of life was simultaneously mediated by mindfulness and self-compassion, while the effect of group on perceived stress was only mediated by self-compassion. These positive effects on perceived stress and quality of life suggest that …
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Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients.
Background: Having cancer may result in extensive emotional, physical and social suffering. Music interventions have been used to alleviate symptoms and treatment side effects in cancer patients.
Objectives: To assess and compare the effects of music therapy and music medicine interventions for psychological and physical outcomes in people with cancer.
Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2016, Issue 1), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, Science Citation Index, CancerLit, CAIRSS, Proquest Digital Dissertations, ClinicalTrials.gov, Current Controlled Trials, the RILM Abstracts of Music Literature, http://www.wfmt.info/Musictherapyworld/ and the National Research Register. We searched all databases, except for the last two, from their inception to January 2016; the other two are no longer functional, so we searched them until th…
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Advocacy interventions to reduce or eliminate violence and promote the physical and psychosocial well-being of women who experience intimate partner abuse.
Background: Intimate partner abuse is common in all societies and damages the health of survivors and their children in the short and long term. Advocacy may decrease the impact of this abuse on women's health.
Objectives: To assess the effects of advocacy interventions conducted within or outside of health care settings on women who have experienced intimate partner abuse.
Search strategy: We searched: CENTRAL and DARE (Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2008), MEDLINE (1966 to 31/7/08), EMBASE (1980 to 2008 week 30), and 11 other databases, to end July 2008. We also searched relevant websites, reference lists and forward citation tracking of included studies, and handsearched six key journals. We contacted principal investigators and experts in the field.
Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials comparing advocacy interventions for women with experience of intimate partner abuse against…
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Physical activity and exercise for chronic pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews.
Background: Chronic pain is defined as pain lasting beyond normal tissue healing time, generally taken to be 12 weeks. It contributes to disability, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, poor quality of life, and healthcare costs. Chronic pain has a weighted mean prevalence in adults of 20%.For many years, the treatment choice for chronic pain included recommendations for rest and inactivity. However, exercise may have specific benefits in reducing the severity of chronic pain, as well as more general benefits associated with improved overall physical and mental health, and physical functioning. Physical activity and exercise programmes are increasingly being promoted and offered in various healthcare systems, and for a variety of chronic pain conditions. It is therefore important at this stage to establish the efficacy and safety of these programmes, and furthermore to address the cr…
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Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome.
Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterised by persistent, medically unexplained fatigue, as well as symptoms such as musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbance, headaches and impaired concentration and short-term memory. CFS presents as a common, debilitating and serious health problem. Treatment may include physical interventions, such as exercise therapy, which was last reviewed in 2004.
Objectives: The objective of this review was to determine the effects of exercise therapy (ET) for patients with CFS as compared with any other intervention or control.• Exercise therapy versus 'passive control' (e.g. treatment as usual, waiting-list control, relaxation, flexibility).• Exercise therapy versus other active treatment (e.g. cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), cognitive treatment, supportive therapy, pacing, pharmacological therapy such as antidepressants).• Exercise therapy…
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Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome.
Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterised by persistent, medically unexplained fatigue, as well as symptoms such as musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbance, headaches and impaired concentration and short-term memory. CFS presents as a common, debilitating and serious health problem. Treatment may include physical interventions, such as exercise therapy, which was last reviewed in 2004.
Objectives: The objective of this review was to determine the effects of exercise therapy (ET) for patients with CFS as compared with any other intervention or control.• Exercise therapy versus 'passive control' (e.g. treatment as usual, waiting-list control, relaxation, flexibility).• Exercise therapy versus other active treatment (e.g. cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), cognitive treatment, supportive therapy, pacing, pharmacological therapy such as antidepressants).• Exercise therapy…
matched on Quality of Life (mesh), quality of life (text)
Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome.
Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterised by persistent, medically unexplained fatigue, as well as symptoms such as musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbance, headaches and impaired concentration and short-term memory. CFS presents as a common, debilitating and serious health problem. Treatment may include physical interventions, such as exercise therapy, which was last reviewed in 2004.
Objectives: The objective of this review was to determine the effects of exercise therapy (ET) for patients with CFS as compared with any other intervention or control.• Exercise therapy versus 'passive control' (e.g. treatment as usual, waiting-list control, relaxation, flexibility).• Exercise therapy versus other active treatment (e.g. cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), cognitive treatment, supportive therapy, pacing, pharmacological therapy such as antidepressants).• Exercise therapy…
matched on Quality of Life (mesh), quality of life (text)
Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome.
Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterised by persistent, medically unexplained fatigue, as well as symptoms such as musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbance, headaches and impaired concentration and short-term memory. CFS presents as a common, debilitating and serious health problem. Treatment may include physical interventions, such as exercise therapy, which was last reviewed in 2004.
Objectives: The objective of this review was to determine the effects of exercise therapy (ET) for patients with CFS as compared with any other intervention or control.• Exercise therapy versus 'passive control' (e.g. treatment as usual, waiting-list control, relaxation, flexibility).• Exercise therapy versus other active treatment (e.g. cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), cognitive treatment, supportive therapy, pacing, pharmacological therapy such as antidepressants).• Exercise therapy…
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Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer.
Background: Decreased exercise capacity and impairments in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are common in people following lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Exercise training has been demonstrated to confer gains in exercise capacity and HRQoL for people with a range of chronic conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure, as well as in people with cancers such as prostate and breast cancer. A programme of exercise training for people following lung resection for NSCLC may confer important gains in these outcomes. To date, evidence of its efficacy in this population is unclear.
Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to determine the effects of exercise training on exercise capacity in people following lung resection(with or without chemotherapy) for NSCLC. The secondary aims were to determine the effects on other outcomes…
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Physical exercise training interventions for children and young adults during and after treatment for childhood cancer.
Background: A decreased physical fitness and impaired social functioning has been reported in patients and survivors of childhood cancer. This is influenced by the negative effects of disease and treatment of childhood cancer and by behavioural and social elements. Exercise training for adults during or after cancer therapy has frequently been reported to improve physical fitness and social functioning. More recently, literature on this subject became available for children and young adults with cancer, both during and after treatment.
Objectives: This review aimed to evaluate the effect of a physical exercise training intervention (at home, at a physical therapy centre, or hospital based) on the physical fitness of children with cancer, in comparison with the physical fitness in a care as usual control group. The intervention needed to be offered within the first five years from diagnos…
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