Areas › Focus, starting, and ADHD › Treatment and medication
The most convincing programme for teenagers does the obvious thing. It runs at school, twice a week, so nobody has to be driven anywhere: homework systems, organisation, some social practice and sport, in the place where the trouble actually happens.
By the teenage years the leverage parents had is thinning, and a clinic appointment is the first thing to fall off the week. Putting the help inside the school day, delivered by people who are already in the building, removes the two things that usually sink it, which are travel and a teenager's willingness to be taken somewhere. If you are looking for something for a struggling teen, ask what the school already runs before looking further afield.
This explains how treatments work. Never start, stop or change a medication because of something you read here.
Qur’an and Sunnah
God wants ease for you, not hardship (Quran 2:185). Help designed around a family's real week has a much better chance of surviving contact with it.
شَهۡرُ رَمَضَانَ ٱلَّذِيٓ أُنزِلَ فِيهِ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانُ هُدࣰ ى لِّلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَٰتࣲ مِّنَ ٱلۡهُدَىٰ وَٱلۡفُرۡقَانِۚ فَمَن شَهِدَ مِنكُمُ ٱلشَّهۡرَ فَلۡيَصُمۡهُۖ وَمَن كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرࣲ فَعِدَّةࣱ مِّنۡ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَۗ يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ بِكُمُ ٱلۡيُسۡرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ ٱلۡعُسۡرَ وَلِتُكۡمِلُواْ ٱلۡعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُواْ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ مَا هَدَىٰكُمۡ وَلَعَلَّكُمۡ تَشۡكُرُونَ
It was in the month of Ramadan that the Quran was revealed as guidance for mankind, clear messages giving guidance and distinguishing between right and wrong. So any one of you who is present that month should fast, and anyone who is ill or on a journey should make up for the lost days by fasting on other days later. God wants ease for you, not hardship. He wants you to complete the prescribed period and to glorify Him for having guided you, so that you may be thankful
Qur’an 2:185read it in the library
Translation: M.A.S. Abdel Haleem, The Qur'an, Oxford University Press, 2004.
What the research says
A randomised trial tested a CBT programme addressing ADHD and substance use together against one that dealt with the substance use alone. It was carried out with adults and aimed at a different problem, so it is not evidence for any school programme. What it supports is the broader idea that a programme built around several linked difficulties can do better than one aimed at a single strand.
van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen K, Vedel E, Kramer FJ, Blankers M, Dekker JJM, van den Brink W, Schoevers RA. (2019). Integrated cognitive behavioral therapy for ADHD in adult substance use disorder patients: Results of a randomized clinical trial.. Drug and alcohol dependence doi
Strength of evidence: one line of research. A single study, or a theoretical account.
Why it works
Help placed where the problem happens does not depend on anyone remembering to travel to it.
This one is still a draft. It is waiting on a scholar and a clinician to read it before it is published.
Near this one
Paying someone to help sort the house will not mend the marriage. It will remove one of the things you fight about most weeks, and that counts for more than it sounds.
Move the family's picture from a child who will not do as they are asked to a child whose capacity for holding themselves in place is genuinely limited. It is a change of category, not a softening.
Changing how the family understands the child comes before the medication, before the charts, before the meeting at school. It is step one, not a friendly introduction to the real work.