Anticipatory fear, worry and generalised anxiety.
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Qurʾān
القرآن6 shownVerses named for this subject by hand come first. The rest are found by the subject’s own Arabic and English senses and are shown as lexical matches, not as anchors anyone has confirmed.
Qur'ān 16:112English sense: fear | Arabic sense: الخوف, خوف
وَضَرَبَ ٱللَّهُ مَثَلࣰ ا قَرۡيَةࣰ كَانَتۡ ءَامِنَةࣰ مُّطۡمَئِنَّةࣰ يَأۡتِيهَا رِزۡقُهَا رَغَدࣰ ا مِّن كُلِّ مَكَانࣲ فَكَفَرَتۡ بِأَنۡعُمِ ٱللَّهِ فَأَذَٰقَهَا ٱللَّهُ لِبَاسَ ٱلۡجُوعِ وَٱلۡخَوۡفِ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَصۡنَعُونَ
God presents the example of a town that was secure and at ease, with provisions coming to it abundantly from all places. Then it became ungrateful for God’s blessings, so God afflicted it with the garment of famine and fear, for what its people had done
Qur'ān 2:155English sense: fear | Arabic sense: الخوف, خوف
وَلَنَبۡلُوَنَّكُم بِشَيۡءࣲ مِّنَ ٱلۡخَوۡفِ وَٱلۡجُوعِ وَنَقۡصࣲ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَمۡوَٰلِ وَٱلۡأَنفُسِ وَٱلثَّمَرَٰتِۗ وَبَشِّرِ ٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ
We shall certainly test you with fear and hunger, and loss of property, lives, and crops. But [Prophet], give good news to those who are steadfast
Qur'ān 21:103English sense: fear | Arabic sense: الفزع, فزع
لَا يَحۡزُنُهُمُ ٱلۡفَزَعُ ٱلۡأَكۡبَرُ وَتَتَلَقَّىٰهُمُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ هَٰذَا يَوۡمُكُمُ ٱلَّذِي كُنتُمۡ تُوعَدُونَ
They will have no fear of the great Terror: the angels will receive them with the words, ‘This is the Day you were promised!’
Qur'ān 33:19English sense: fear | Arabic sense: الخوف, خوف
أَشِحَّةً عَلَيۡكُمۡۖ فَإِذَا جَآءَ ٱلۡخَوۡفُ رَأَيۡتَهُمۡ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيۡكَ تَدُورُ أَعۡيُنُهُمۡ كَٱلَّذِي يُغۡشَىٰ عَلَيۡهِ مِنَ ٱلۡمَوۡتِۖ فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ ٱلۡخَوۡفُ سَلَقُوكُم بِأَلۡسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ أَشِحَّةً عَلَى ٱلۡخَيۡرِۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ لَمۡ يُؤۡمِنُواْ فَأَحۡبَطَ ٱللَّهُ أَعۡمَٰلَهُمۡۚ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ يَسِيرࣰ ا
who begrudge you [believers] any help. When fear comes, you [Prophet] see them looking at you with eyes rolling like someone in their death throes; when fear has passed, they attack you with sharp tongues and begrudge you any good. Such men do not believe, and God brings their deeds to nothing- that is all too easy for God
Qur'ān 4:83Arabic sense: الخوف, خوف
وَإِذَا جَآءَهُمۡ أَمۡرࣱ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَمۡنِ أَوِ ٱلۡخَوۡفِ أَذَاعُواْ بِهِۦۖ وَلَوۡ رَدُّوهُ إِلَى ٱلرَّسُولِ وَإِلَىٰٓ أُوْلِي ٱلۡأَمۡرِ مِنۡهُمۡ لَعَلِمَهُ ٱلَّذِينَ يَسۡتَنۢبِطُونَهُۥ مِنۡهُمۡۗ وَلَوۡلَا فَضۡلُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَرَحۡمَتُهُۥ لَٱتَّبَعۡتُمُ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنَ إِلَّا قَلِيلࣰ ا
Whenever news of any matter comes to them, whether concerning peace or war, they spread it about; if they referred it to the Messenger and those in authority among them, those seeking its meaning would have found it out from them. If it were not for God’s bounty and mercy towards you, you would almost all have followed Satan
Qur'ān 41:30English sense: fear | Arabic sense: تحزنوا
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُواْ رَبُّنَا ٱللَّهُ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَقَٰمُواْ تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ أَلَّا تَخَافُواْ وَلَا تَحۡزَنُواْ وَأَبۡشِرُواْ بِٱلۡجَنَّةِ ٱلَّتِي كُنتُمۡ تُوعَدُونَ
As for those who say, ‘Our Lord is God,’ and take the straight path towards Him, the angels come down to them and say, ‘Have no fear or grief, but rejoice in the good news of Paradise, which you have been promised
Tafsīr
التفسير6 shownCommentary on the verses above, at most two editions per verse.
en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidi on 2:155en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidicommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
And We will indeed try you with something of fear and hunger, and decrease of wealth, souls, and fruits; and give good news to the patient. The custom of the Lord is that whenever He threatens the servant and shows harshness in a verse, then, right after that or before it, He caresses the servant and gives him hope. Thus in this verse He breaks the servant by mentioning those harsh things and varieties of trial. Then He gives good news, He caresses, and He says, “and give good news to the patient.” And, at the beginning of these verses He says, “Surely God is with the patient” [2:153]. Glory be to Him! How gentle and how merciful He is to His servants! And We will indeed try you. He says, “We will test you, sometimes with fear, sometimes with dread, sometimes with poverty, sometimes with hunger, sometimes with outward affliction, sometimes with inward sorrow.” The outward trial and evide
en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidi on 21:103en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidicommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
The greatest terror shall not make them sorrow, and the angels will receive them: “This is the day that you were promised.” On the Day of Resurrection in the greatest gathering place and most tremendous courtyard, they will not hear from the angels the call “no good news” [25:22], nor the address, “Stand apart today, O offenders!” [36:59], nor the harsh call, “Slink into it, and do not talk to Me!” [23:108]. They will not hear the call of separation's pain, nor will they despair of mercy. Rather the angels will keep on coming, company after company, and they will give the good news: “This is the day that you were promised,” that is, “This is the day in which you have the promised reward.” Among them are those who will be received by the angels, and among them are those who will be addressed and made known by the King. God will say, “My servants, have you been yearning for Me?” He will sa
en-al-jalalayn on 16:112en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
And God strikes a similitude mathalan is substituted by the following qaryatan a town Mecca — meaning its inhabitants — secure from any raids never becoming agitated and peaceful without anyone ever needing to emigrate from it on account of anxiety or fear its provision coming to it plenteously abundantly from every place. But it rejected God’s graces by denying the Prophet s so God made it taste the garb of hunger and so they suffered seven years of drought and fear as a result of the raiding parties of the Prophet s all because of what they used to do.
en-al-jalalayn on 2:155en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
Surely We will try you with something of fear of an enemy and hunger by way of drought and diminution of goods as a result of destruction and lives as a result of slaughter death and disease and fruits by way of crop damage that is to say We will try you to see if you practise patience or not; yet give good tidings of Paradise to the patient during calamities;
en-al-jalalayn on 21:103en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
The Supreme Terror — which is that a servant be ordered off to the Fire shall not grieve them and the angels shall receive them upon their exiting from their graves saying to them ‘This is your day the one which you were promised’ during the life of the world.
en-tafisr-ibn-kathir on 16:112en-tafisr-ibn-kathircommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
And Allah gives the example of a township (Makkah), it was secure and peaceful: its provision coming to it in abundance from every place, but it (its people) denied the favors of Allah. So Allah made it taste extreme hunger (famine) and fear, because of what they did (112)There has come to them a Messenger from among themselves, but they denied him, so the torment seized them while they were wrongdoers (113)
The Example of Makkah
This example refers to the people of Makkah, which had been secure, peaceful and stable, a secure sanctuary while men were being snatched away from everywhere outside of it. Whoever entered Makkah, he was safe, and he had no need to fear, as Allah said:
وَقَالُوا إِن نَّتَّبِعِ الْهُدَىٰ مَعَكَ نُتَخَطَّفْ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا ۚ أَوَلَمْ نُمَكِّن لَّهُمْ حَرَمًا آمِنًا يُجْبَىٰ إِلَيْهِ ثَمَرَاتُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ رِّزْقًا مِّن لَّدُنَّا
(And they say: "If we follow th
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3051 to 3075 of 4,916Ueno H, Tanaka Y, Kitano E, Takahashi Y, Mori S, Murakami S, Wani K, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T (2026)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usScientific reports Adolescent envy-like social comparison stress induces HPA axis hypoactivity and anxiety in female mice: implications for somatic symptom disorder.
Adolescence is a critical developmental window marked by heightened neuroplasticity and maturation of the stress response system, conferring vulnerability to psychosocial stress. Chronic stress during this period increases the risk of anxiety and depressive disorders and may contribute to somatic symptom disorder (SSD), which is characterized by medically unexplained physical complaints and shows a striking female predominance. The impact of envy-like stress arising from social comparison, a pervasive psychosocial factor in modern society, remains poorly understood. Male and female C57BL/6N mice were exposed to chronic envy-like stress from postnatal day (P)21 to P52 by housing them adjacent to enriched cages, while control mice were housed without such exposure. From P52 onward, mice underwent behavioral testing of anxiety-like behavior, exploratory activity, social interaction, spatial…
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Associations of Death Anxiety, Inclusion of Smartphone in the Self, and Affiliation Motivation with Smartphone use and Addiction: A Multiple Mediation Study.
This study is the first to apply terror management theory to understanding smartphone addiction by examining the potential indirect effect of death anxiety on smartphone addiction via inclusion of smartphone in the self (i.e., self-expansion), affiliation motivation (the desire to connect with others) for emotional support, and smartphone use. The sample consisted of 1483 Chinese university students between the ages of 18 and 24 (M = 19.14, SD = 1.03) who voluntarily completed an anonymous questionnaire survey. As hypothesized, death anxiety, inclusion of smartphone in the self, affiliation motivation, and smartphone use were directly, positively correlated with smartphone addiction. In addition, death anxiety exerted significant indirect effects via various pathways, including (i) affiliation motivation for emotional support and smartphone use and (ii) inclusion of smartphone in the sel…
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Starving off death: Mortality salience impacts women's body image and disordered eating.
From a Terror Management perspective, the pursuit of thinness that characterizes eating disorders (EDs) is arguably a culturally endorsed way to mitigate death anxiety. In the present studies, we used the mortality salience (MS) paradigm to examine whether priming death increases ED symptoms. We recruited two samples of women from undergraduate (Study 1, N = 120), and clinically relevant (Study 2, N = 154) populations. After priming, participants completed measures of potential confounds (e.g., neuroticism, affect). Next, we assessed ED attitudes and behavior using a portion size estimation task, and measures of body dissatisfaction and eating intention. Study 1 findings were inconsistent with the claimed role of death anxiety in ED related behavior. However, in Study 2, MS priming led to increased dissatisfaction with current thinness and smaller portion sizes for high-fat compared to l…
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The role of bodily experiences during pregnancy on mother and infant outcomes.
Pregnancy is a transformative time for women and their bodies, and therefore thoughts and feelings and about one's own body and internal bodily sensations may understandably change during this period. Body satisfaction and interoception have been found to influence factors such as antenatal attachment (AA) and maternal mental health. However, mixed results in the literature suggest complex relationships between the bodily experience during pregnancy and outcomes, necessitating a broader investigative approach. We aim to examine the relationship between the pregnancy bodily experience and multiple mother-infant outcomes. It is hypothesised that poor bodily experiences during pregnancy will have negative impacts on these outcomes. Cross-sectional online survey data was collected from individuals at various gestations throughout pregnancy as part of a larger longitudinal study (N = 253, mea…
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Death Anxiety and COVID-19 Anxiety. The Mediating Role of Religious Relational Identification and the Impact of Emotional Regulation Strategies.
Management theory of terror (TMT) explains the way disease and death anxiety (DA) are managed through religion during crisis (i.e., COVID-19 pandemic). 344 women students completed self-reported questionnaires regarding death and COVID-19 anxiety, religious relational identification, and emotional regulation. Results show positive relation between religious relational identification and death anxiety, and COVID-19 anxiety. The interaction between death anxiety and emotional regulation shows that both cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression are dysfunctional for COVID-19 anxiety. A moderated mediation effect is significant, showing that COVID-19 anxiety is not decreasing due to usual and natural ways of coping (i.e., religious relational identification and cognitive reappraisal).
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Adolescent screen time, anxiety/depression, and alcohol/e-cigarette use: evidence from the ABCD study.
BACKGROUND: Adolescents are spending more time on screens, which has been associated with anxiety, depression, and increased substance use, especially through social media. This study aimed to examine the prospective relationship between screen time and anxiety/depression and the moderating effect of alcohol/e-cigarette use. METHODS: Data were drawn from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, with participants aged 9–10 at baseline (n = 9,474). This cohort study analyzed longitudinal data collected between 2016 and 2022. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), which assessed anxiety/depression at the year 3 follow-up. Group-based trajectory models identified screen time/social media patterns, and multivariable linear models examined anxiety/depression, including an interaction term for alcohol/e-cigarette use. RESULTS: Four groups of screen time were …
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Tavares ACFMG, Santos CRF, Amaral JM, Burgos ICB, Rosa DVF, Romano-Silva MA, Bicalho MAC, Ferreira GA, Kakehasi AM (2025)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usAdvances in rheumatology (London, England) Shortened telomere length, anxiety and psychological stress in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study.
Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to telomere length (TL) attrition, a hallmark of cellular senescence. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with premature cellular aging; however, the clinical relevance of TL shortening remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the relative TL of SLE patients and healthy controls and explore its association with clinical features and disease burden.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including adult SLE patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (18-60 years). Demographic and clinical data were collected, and TL was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Among SLE patients, disease activity, cumulative damage, fatigue, depression, anxiety, stress, and physical activity were also assessed. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney …
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Research on the influence mechanism of health anxiety on hypochondriasis in older adults from the perspective of digital health literacy theory: mediated by information search.
Objective: This study aims to elucidate the correlations among health information search, health anxiety, and geriatric hypochondriasis, and to examine the mediating role of health information search behavior between health anxiety and hypochondriasis among the older adults, thereby providing a theoretical basis for interventions.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 251 older adults participants recruited via cluster sampling from six streets in Changshu City, Suzhou, from January to March 2024. Data were collected using validated scales, including the Short-Form Health Anxiety Scale and the Short-Form Cyberchondria Severity Scale. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis, incorporating descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, binary logistic regression, and bootstrap mediation analysis (5,000 samples). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: (1) …
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Early wounds, delayed consequences: Brain-behavior modeling reveals neural pathways linking childhood trauma to procrastination.
Childhood trauma has enduring effects on emotional and cognitive functioning, yet its impact on procrastination, particularly from a neurodevelopmental perspective, remains poorly understood. To achieve this, we employed resting-state functional MRI in conjunction with standardized behavioral assessments of childhood trauma, trait anxiety, self-control, and procrastination across two datasets (discovery dataset: n = 760; validation dataset: n = 429). By leveraging the advanced predictive analytics-including connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression-we aimed to elucidate the neural basis linking childhood trauma to procrastination. Our behavioral results revealed that childhood trauma was a significant predictor of elevated procrastination tendencies, with this association mediated by increased trait anxiety and reduc…
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Towards better illness perception in advanced chronic kidney disease: clinical, psychological and cognitive factors to address.
People with advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD) frequently experience psychological distress due to the progressive nature of the illness and the burden of long-term treatment. Illness perception plays a critical role in emotional adjustment and health behaviors, yet the psychosocial and clinical variables shaping these perceptions are not fully understood. This study aimed to identify combinations of psychological, behavioral, and clinical factors that predict how individuals with ACKD perceive their illness, using a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) approach. The sample included 69 participants with ACKD. Illness perception was assessed via the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ). Predictive conditions included: anxiety (HADS-A), coping styles (Brief COPE), kidney disease knowledge (KiKS), emotional social support (MOS-SSS), neuroticism (NEO-FFI), and CKD stage. QCA …
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Death Anxiety During COVID-19 and its Related Factors among Chinese Elderly People.
This study aimed at investigating death anxiety and its related factors in Chinese elderly people during COVID-19. This study totally interviewed 264 participants from four cities in different regions of China. Death anxiety scale (DAS), NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (Neo-FFI) and Brief COPE were scored on the basis of one-on-one interviews. Quarantine experience didn't make significant difference in death anxiety among the elderly; Elderly people with high death anxiety had higher scores of neuroticism, and were more likely to use a Behavior Disengagement coping strategy; Multiple linear regression analysis showed that neuroticism, openness and COVID impact predicted 44.6% of the variance in the death anxiety among elderly people. The results support both theories of vulnerability-stress model and terror management theory (TMT). In the post-epidemic era, we suggest to pay attention to the m…
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Functional disruption of oxytocin projections participates atypical social and anxiety-like behaviours in BTBR mouse model of autism.
Oxytocin (OXT) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), which send projections to the medial amygdala (MeA) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BnST), are implicated in regulation of prosocial-emotional behaviours and abnormalities resembling autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Compared with standard C57BL6J (B6) mice, BTBR mice, a behaviour-based ASD model, exhibited decreased densities of OXTPVN neurons and attenuated OXT neuronal responses to a social encounter. OXT receptor mRNA expressions in the MeA and BnST as a response to a social encounter were blunted in BTBR mice. OXT promoter retrograde viral tracing revealed that the OXTPVN→BnST projections were defective in those BTBR mice. Thus, chemogenetic excitation of OXTPVN→MeA neurons using OXT promoter adeno-associated viruses (AAV) enhanced anxiety-like behaviour and facilitated social investigation …
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Spiritual Well-Being, Religiosity, Quality of Life, Distress, Social Support, Depression, and Anxiety Among English- and Arabic-Speaking Muslim Americans With Advanced Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Objective: To learn about spiritual and psychosocial palliative care needs of Muslim Americans with advanced cancer.
Methods: A cross-sectional English/Arabic (patient preference) survey was conducted with 120 Muslim Americans with advanced cancer in New York City (2022-2023). Survey instruments included Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G, quality of life), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-2 subscales), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS-emotional, tangible, affectionate support, positive social interactions), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Wellbeing (FACIT-SP-spiritual wellbeing, Modified Duke Religious Index (DUREL-religious involvement), Distress Thermometer and Problems List.
Results: Most participants were from South Asia (30.8%), Middle East/North Africa (30.8%), and US (21.7%). On average, patients had high quality of life (FACT…
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Spontaneous war weddings as a reaction to a national trauma: A terror management theory perspective.
On 7 October 2023, 3,000 Hamas terrorists from the Gaza Strip infiltrated Israel. Over 1,300 people were killed on that day, and over 240 were abducted to Gaza. On October 8, Israel declared war on Hamas. The current study delves into the prevailing phenomenon of spontaneous war weddings held in military settings during the war. Drawing from Terror Management Theory (TMT) and utilizing an ethnographic approach, we analyze published media reports of these weddings. We suggest that this phenomenon is a sign of three terror management anxiety buffer mechanisms activated in view of current national and personal mortality salience: the validation of cultural worldviews; the enhancement of self-esteem; and the pursuit of proximity, in the form of a sense of closeness to attachment figures. All three anxiety-buffer mechanisms contribute to the fortification of psychological defenses, the denial…
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Vares M, Kanarik M, Kõiv K, Vares M, Anja K, Metelitsa M, Laugus K, Tigro H, Korulu S, Shimmo R, Harro J (2025)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usBehavioural brain research Vulnerability to chronic stress in male rats: Additive effect of low positive affectivity and high hedonic response as measured by sucrose intake.
Stress contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders. We have previously shown that rats with low inherent positive affectivity, assessed by 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV), are more vulnerable to stress, and that free-fed rats with persistently lower consumption of sucrose are less sensitive. Hence we compared the association of these traits with the effect of chronic stress within a single experiment. Male Wistar rats were classified as of high (HC) or low (LC) positive affectivity based on their average 50-kHz USV response, and as young adults the rats were further divided into high and low sucrose-consuming (HSuc and LSuc, respectively). Four groups comprising twenty rats each were formed, and half of the animals submitted to chronic variable stress (CVS) for 5 weeks. CVS was followed by behavioural tests and ex vivo biochemical analyses. In elevated plus-maze, CVS in…
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The prevalence, characteristics, and psychological wellbeing of unpaid carers in the United Kingdom.
Background: This study sought to describe the characteristics of unpaid carers in the UK and assess levels of depression, anxiety, and mental health treatment seeking behaviours in this population.
Methods: Data was derived from Wave 9 (n = 2790) of the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) study, a longitudinal survey of adults in the UK. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the characteristics of unpaid carers, association between caregiver status and psychological wellbeing, and caregiver-specific factors associated with risk of poor psychological wellbeing.
Results: Approximately 15% (n = 417) of the sample reported providing unpaid care. Younger age, having three or more children in the household, and lower income were identified as significant correlates of caregiver status. Unpaid caregivers were at increased risk of depression or anxiety and mental…
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Watson J, Buchi E, Higgins MK, Glasgow GSB, Trammell AR, Herring C, Wharton W, Gary RA, Hepburn K, Dunbar SB, Butts B (2025)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association1 citations Relationship between cellular aging, perceived stress, and cardiometabolic disease risk in Black family caregivers of persons with dementia.
Background: Informal caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) face significant physical and psychological demands. Chronic caregiving is linked to mental health challenges, poor cardiovascular health, and accelerated cellular aging, reflected in telomere shortening, with Black caregivers disproportionately affected.
Methods: This secondary analysis used data from Black caregivers from a randomized control trial. Telomere length was measured by qPCR. Questionnaires assessed perceived stress, sleep, depression, anxiety, and coping strategies. Salivary cortisol, inflammatory, and cardiometabolic biomarkers were measured. Pearson correlations and linear regression analyses controlled for demographic and health factors.
Results: Shorter telomeres were linked to stress, poor sleep, inflammation, and cardiometabolic markers. Perceived stress was associated…
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Effects of combined postweaning social isolation and ketamine administration on schizophrenia-like behaviour in male Sprague Dawley rats.
The pathophysiology behind negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia is not well understood, thus limiting the effectiveness of treatment on these symptoms. Developing reliable animal model of schizophrenia is vital to advance our understanding on the neurobiological basis of the disorder. Double hit is used to refer to the use of two schizophrenia inducing interventions viz ketamine exposure and social isolation. In this study we aim to investigate the robustness of double hit model of schizophrenia in inducing negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. On postnatal day (PND) 23, thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly grouped into four equal groups as follows: group housed + saline (GH), group housed + ketamine (GHK), isolated + saline (SI), and isolated + ketamine (SIK). A single ketamine dose (16 mg/kg) was administered 3 times a week for four weeks. Isolated …
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Association Between Smartphone Attachment and Mental Health in Adolescents.
Background: The surge in adolescent smartphone use has coincided with the rise in the adolescent mental health crisis, raising public health concerns. Moving beyond the traditional focus on screen time, this study examined the association between smartphone attachment and mental health among adolescents.
Methods: Data were analyzed from 137 community-dwelling adolescents (aged 16.5-18 years). Smartphone attachment was measured by the Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ). Patient Reporting Outcome Measures (PROMIS) pediatric short forms were used to measure anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, and general health. t-tests and ANOVAs compared anxiety and depression scores between groups above and below the MPIQ threshold for moderate-to-severe attachment. Multivariable regressions estimated associations between smartphone attachment and mental health outcomes, adjusting for demo…
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Death perceptions, grief, and distress in Ultra-Orthodox Jews who witnessed the 2021 Meron disaster.
On April 29, 2021, during an Ultra-Orthodox annual communal event in Meron, a crowd rush resulted in the deaths of 45 individuals. Experiencing such events may intensify death proximity (subjective nearness to death, SNtD) and death anxiety, and increase distress. Furthermore, the experience of grief following the trauma may disrupt defense mechanisms that reduce death-related anxieties. Thus, we examined the mediating role of death anxiety on the association between SNtD and distress, and the possible moderating role of grief experiences on this model. Ultra-Orthodox Israeli Jews who experienced the Meron disaster (N = 168) responded to scales assessing demographics, SNtD, death anxiety, and psychological distress. Death anxiety mediated the SNtD-distress link and grief was a significant moderator. Specifically, for individuals low in grief, the association between high death anxiety an…
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Does life get better after middle age? Cultural comparisons of trends and key predictors of life satisfaction across the lifespan.
Background: This study investigated 1) whether there are differences in the trajectory of life satisfaction (LS) across the lifespan between British and Indonesian adults, and 2) which factors are associated with LS overall, and according to culture and age.
Methods: 1355 participants aged 18 to 91 were included: 649 British and 706 Indonesian. Participants completed an online questionnaire examining LS, quality of life (which included physical health, psychological wellbeing, social relationships, and environment), depression, anxiety, and religiosity. Data were examined looking at all participants within each culture and then by further separating each cultural group into three age groups (Young adults/YA (18-39), middle-aged/MA (40-59), older adults/OA (60+).
Results: The trajectory of LS across the lifespan was U-shaped in British participants but followed an inverted U-shaped patter…
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Can Machiavellianism Not be Prosocial? Roles of Empathy and Death Anxiety.
Machiavellianism has always been notorious, as it is egotistical and manipulative. This study aims to explore whether Machiavellian individuals would increase prosocial behavior to buffer death anxiety, based on Terror Management Theory. A total of 420 Chinese volunteers completed a survey regarding Machiavellianism, empathy (cognitive empathy, affective empathy), death anxiety, and prosocial behavior tendencies. The results indicated that affective empathy mediated the relationship between Machiavellianism and some types of prosocial behavior (total, altruistic, anonymous, compliant, dire and emotional), and the mediating effect was moderated by death anxiety. This finding revealed that although individuals with high levels of Machiavellianism were supposed to be callous, when suffering from death anxiety, they became more affective-empathetic, and thus more prosocial. Our study enriche…
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Profiles of growth mindset and grit among rural Chinese students and their associations with math anxiety, motivation, and self-efficacy.
Growth mindset, consistency of interest, and perseverance of effort have been demonstrated to positively influence students' mathematical abilities. This study investigates how these characteristics interact and affect non-cognitive skills, enabling mathematics teachers to develop tailored interventions that enhance learning and persistence among rural students. We examined the profiles of growth mindset and Grit among 1495 rural Chinese students from three secondary schools in China, analyzing their relationships with math anxiety, motivation, and self-efficacy in mathematics lessons. Our analysis identified four distinct profiles: Fixed-Oriented Mindset, Lower Tendency Toward Growth, Tendency Toward Growth, and Growth-Oriented Mindset. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in students' mathematics motivation between the Lower Tendency Toward Growth, Tendency Toward Growth,…
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The impact of neighborhood environment on adolescent anxiety and depression: A moderated mediation model involving screen time and family function.
Objective: While the relationship between neighborhood environment and adolescent mental health is well-documented, few studies have examined the roles of screen time and family function in this association. This study aims to explore the "environment-behavior-health" pathway by investigating how neighborhood environment, screen time, and family function jointly influence adolescent anxiety and depression.
Method: Data were drawn from a large-scale, two-wave survey of 5th-12th grade Chinese adolescents. A moderated mediation model was constructed to examine whether screen time mediates the relationship between neighborhood environment and adolescent anxiety and depression, and whether this indirect effect is moderated by family function.
Results: The final sample included 8961 Chinese adolescents. Neighborhood environment was negatively associated with adolescents' screen time (b = -0.51…
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Procrastination and anxiety aspects of self-control predict individual differences in the mismatch negativity (MMN).
Self-control failures are often attributed to a lack of top-down behavioral regulation. Self-report measures of self-control reflect higher-level cognitive appraisals of behavioral control and lower-level innate temperamental traits associated with reactive processes. However, few studies have examined the extent to which different aspects of self-control relate to reactive processes. Using a large sample (n = 246), we investigated whether individual differences in six self-control trait measures were predictive of low-level processing indexed by the mismatch negativity (MMN) elicited from a passive auditory oddball task. Larger MMNs are associated with greater prediction error when the input stimulus conflicts with expectation. Self-control traits were measured by effortful control, perfectionism, impulsiveness, procrastination, perceived stress, and anxiety scales. We assumed personali…
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