Releasing a grievance and restoring a relationship.
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Qurʾān
القرآن6 shownVerses named for this subject by hand come first. The rest are found by the subject’s own Arabic and English senses and are shown as lexical matches, not as anchors anyone has confirmed.
Qur'ān 24:22English sense: forgive, pardon | Arabic sense: صفح, عفو, يغفر | named: named for theme_bridge theme pardon
وَلَا يَأۡتَلِ أُوْلُواْ ٱلۡفَضۡلِ مِنكُمۡ وَٱلسَّعَةِ أَن يُؤۡتُوٓاْ أُوْلِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينَ وَٱلۡمُهَٰجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۖ وَلۡيَعۡفُواْ وَلۡيَصۡفَحُوٓاْۗ أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَن يَغۡفِرَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورࣱ رَّحِيمٌ
Those who have been graced with bounty and plenty should not swear that they will [no longer] give to kinsmen, the poor, those who emigrated in God’s way: let them pardon and forgive. Do you not wish that God should forgive you? God is most forgiving and merciful
Qur'ān 64:14Arabic sense: صفح, عفو | English sense: forgive, overlook, pardon | named: named for theme_bridge theme pardon
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِنَّ مِنۡ أَزۡوَٰجِكُمۡ وَأَوۡلَٰدِكُمۡ عَدُوࣰّ ا لَّكُمۡ فَٱحۡذَرُوهُمۡۚ وَإِن تَعۡفُواْ وَتَصۡفَحُواْ وَتَغۡفِرُواْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورࣱ رَّحِيمٌ
Believers, even among your spouses and your children you have some enemies- beware of them- but if you overlook their offences, forgive them, pardon them, then God is all forgiving, all merciful
Qur'ān 41:34English sense: better, repel | named: named for theme_bridge theme repel-with-better
وَلَا تَسۡتَوِي ٱلۡحَسَنَةُ وَلَا ٱلسَّيِّئَةُۚ ٱدۡفَعۡ بِٱلَّتِي هِيَ أَحۡسَنُ فَإِذَا ٱلَّذِي بَيۡنَكَ وَبَيۡنَهُۥ عَدَٰوَةࣱ كَأَنَّهُۥ وَلِيٌّ حَمِيمࣱ
Good and evil cannot be equal. [Prophet], repel evil with what is better and your enemy will become as close as an old and valued friend
Qur'ān 42:40named: named for theme_bridge theme pardon | English sense: forgive
وَجَزَٰٓؤُاْ سَيِّئَةࣲ سَيِّئَةࣱ مِّثۡلُهَاۖ فَمَنۡ عَفَا وَأَصۡلَحَ فَأَجۡرُهُۥ عَلَى ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّهُۥ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ
Let harm be requited by an equal harm, though anyone who forgives and puts things right will have his reward from God Himself––He does not like those who do wrong
Qur'ān 2:237named: named for theme_bridge theme pardon | Arabic sense: عفو
وَإِن طَلَّقۡتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدۡ فَرَضۡتُمۡ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةࣰ فَنِصۡفُ مَا فَرَضۡتُمۡ إِلَّآ أَن يَعۡفُونَ أَوۡ يَعۡفُوَاْ ٱلَّذِي بِيَدِهِۦ عُقۡدَةُ ٱلنِّكَاحِۚ وَأَن تَعۡفُوٓاْ أَقۡرَبُ لِلتَّقۡوَىٰۚ وَلَا تَنسَوُاْ ٱلۡفَضۡلَ بَيۡنَكُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ
If you divorce wives before consummating the marriage but after fixing a bride-gift for them, then give them half of what you had previously fixed, unless they waive [their right], or unless the one who holds the marriage tie waives [his right]. Waiving [your right] is nearer to godliness, so do not forget to be generous towards one another: God sees what you do
Qur'ān 4:128English sense: settlement | named: named for theme_bridge theme reconciliation
وَإِنِ ٱمۡرَأَةٌ خَافَتۡ مِنۢ بَعۡلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوۡ إِعۡرَاضࣰ ا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَآ أَن يُصۡلِحَا بَيۡنَهُمَا صُلۡحࣰ اۚ وَٱلصُّلۡحُ خَيۡرࣱۗ وَأُحۡضِرَتِ ٱلۡأَنفُسُ ٱلشُّحَّۚ وَإِن تُحۡسِنُواْ وَتَتَّقُواْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرࣰ ا
If a wife fears high-handedness or alienation from her husband, neither of them will be blamed if they come to a peaceful settlement, for peace is best. Although human souls are prone to selfishness, if you do good and are mindful of God, He is well aware of all that you do
Tafsīr
التفسير6 shownCommentary on the verses above, at most two editions per verse.
en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidi on 64:14en-asbab-al-nuzul-by-al-wahidicommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
(O ye who believe! Lo! among your wives and your children there are enemies for you, therefor beware of them. And if ye efface and overlook and forgive, then lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful) [64:14]. Said Ibn �Abbas: �Some men used to embrace Islam but, upon trying to migrate, were prevented from doing so by their families and children. The latter would plead with them, saying: �We plead with you, by Allah, not to leave your family and clan and depart to Medina where you have no family or wealth�. Some of these men took pity on their family and children and stayed back, thus failing to migrate, and so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse�. Ahmad ibn �Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Shaybani informed us> Abu�l-Fadl Ahmad ibn Isma�il ibn Yahya ibn Hazim> �Umar ibn Muhammad ibn Bujayr> Muhammad ibn �Umar al-Maqdimi> Ash�ath ibn �Abd Allah> Shu�bah> Isma�il ibn Abi Khalid who said: �Some men us
en-al-jalalayn on 24:22en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
And do not let those of you who possess bounty the wealthy and the affluent swear not to give to the near of kin and the poor and those who emigrate in the way of God — this was revealed regarding Abū Bakr who swore to provide no more for Mistah his maternal cousin a destitute Emigrant who had fought at the battle of Badr because of his involvement in the calumny when thitherto he had provided for him. And it was revealed also regarding certain Companions who swore not to give voluntary alms to those who had participated in spreading the calumny in any way. Let them forgive and excuse them in this matter. Do you not love that God should forgive you? And God is Forgiving Merciful to believers. Abū Bakr said ‘Indeed. I would love that God forgive me’ and he restored thereafter to Mistah what he used to expend on him.
en-tafisr-ibn-kathir on 24:22en-tafisr-ibn-kathircommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
And let not those among you who are blessed with graces and wealth swear not to give to their kinsmen, the poor, and those who left their homes for Allah's cause. Let them pardon and forgive. Do you not love that Allah should forgive you? And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful (22)
Urging Those Who Have Been Blessed With Wealth to Give and to Be Tolerant
Allah says,
وَلَا يَأْتَلِ
(And let not swear) meaning, make an oath,
أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنكُمْ
(those among you who are blessed with graces ) means, those who have the means to give charity and do good,
وَالسَّعَةِ
(and wealth) means, good fortune,
أَن يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
(to give to their kinsmen, the poor, and those who left their homes for Allah's cause.) means, do not swear that you will not uphold the ties of kinship with your relatives who are needy or who m
en-al-jalalayn on 64:14en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
O you who believe! Indeed among your wives and children there are enemies for you so beware of them of obeying them in neglecting the performance of good deeds such as struggling or emigrating — because the reason why this verse was revealed was precisely their obedience of them in such matters. And if you pardon them for their impeding you from such good deeds justifying it on account of the distress that parting with you causes them and overlook such enmity and forgive then assuredly God is Forgiving Merciful.
en-al-jalalayn on 41:34en-al-jalalayncommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
And they are not equal the good deed and the evil deed even with respect to their subdivisions because any number of such good deeds are always above any number of the latter. Repel the evil deed with that in other words with that trait which is better such as repelling anger with endurance ignorance with forbearance and the intention to inflict harm with pardon then behold he between whom and you there was enmity will be as though he were a dear friend in other words then your enemy will become like a close friend in terms of his affection for you if you act in such a way alladhī ‘he … whom’ is the subject; ka-annahu ‘as though’ is the predicate; idhā is an adverbial particle for expressing the comparative import.
en-tafisr-ibn-kathir on 41:34en-tafisr-ibn-kathircommentary on an ayah this subject surfaced
And who is better in speech than he who invites to Allah, and does righteous deeds, and says: "I am one of the Muslims. (33)The good deed and the evil deed cannot be equal. Repel (the evil) with one which is better, then verily he, between whom and you there was enmity, (will become) as though he was a close friend (34)But none is granted it except those who are patient – and none is granted it except the owner of the great portion in this world (35)And if an evil whisper from Shaytan tries to turn you away, then seek refuge in Allah. Verily, He is the All-Hearer, the All-Knower (36)
The Virtue of calling Others to Allah
وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ قَوْلًا مِمَّنْ دَعَا إِلَى اللَّهِ
(And who is better in speech than he who invites to Allah,) means, he calls the servants of Allah to Him.
وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا وَقَالَ إِنَّنِي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
(and does righteous deeds, and says: "I am one of the
Research library, full list
51 to 75 of 561Treatment of holistic suffering in cancer: A systematic literature review.
Background: Holistic suffering is a debilitating problem for cancer patients. Although many treatments have been suggested for its alleviation, they have not been compared for effectiveness.
Aim: This literature review seeks to identify what interventions are effective in treatment of holistic suffering of cancer patients.
Design: A systematic review was conducted to identify and evaluate studies of interventions for holistic suffering in adult cancer patients. Search terms were generated iteratively from the literature.
Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and PsycINFO databases were searched for the years 1992-2015. Included studies were peer-reviewed, English language reports of either a controlled trial or a randomised controlled trial focusing on therapies aimed at relieving suffering in adult cancer patients. Articles were excluded if focused predominantly on spiritu…
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Hobbs K (2015)systematic reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usBurns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries35 citations Which factors influence the development of post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with burn injuries? A systematic review of the literature.
Introduction: This article aims to discover which variables influence the development of post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with burn injuries. It will also consider whether it is possible to predict which burns patients will develop PTSD.
Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder is an important psychopathology for burned patients as it can affect both physical outcomes and quality of life for those affected. Research states that PTSD may be identified in up to 30% of burns patients, making it relatively common.
Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out using four databases. Eleven articles were identified from these searches, and were then analysed thematically to draw out common ideas.
Results: Gender, extraversion and neuroticism, attribution of blame, capacity for forgiveness, the event as a disaster or non-disaster, alcohol consumption and peri-traumat…
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Teixeira MEF, Barroso WKS, Brandão AA, Sousa ALL, Esporcatte R, de Borba MHE, Baleeiro ACNÁ, Gonçalves BC, Inumaru E, de Sousa EM, Leal GB, de Araújo Pereira Farias HS, de Souza JA, da Silva LEB, de Paiva Queiroz MC, Moreira FR, de Oliveira Vitorino PV, Eikelboom J, Avezum Á (2025)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usGlobal heart4 citations Spirituality-Based Intervention in Hypertension: EFfects on Blood PrEssure and EndotheliaL Function-FEEL Trial Results.
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that spirituality improves patient outcomes, however, this has undergone only limited evaluation in randomized trials. Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Objectives: To evaluate whether a spirituality-based intervention, compared to a control group, can reduce blood pressure (BP) and improve endothelial function after 12 weeks in patients with mild or moderate hypertension (HTN).
Methods: Open randomized controlled trial of adults with stage I or II hypertension. Following baseline evaluation, including lifestyle questionnaires, and measurements of office and central blood pressure (BP), home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) and flow mediated dilation (FMD), patients were randomized to a spirituality-based intervention, which included training for forgiveness, gratitude, optimism, and life purpose deli…
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Online positive-oriented counseling, taking vitamin D3 tablet, online lifestyle modification training on premenstrual syndrome: a 3-armed randomized clinical trial.
Lack of absolute treatment for premenstrual syndrome (PMS), its cyclic nature, considerable prevalence (70-90%), and its mental and physical burden imply necessity of effectiveness comparison of various treatments. Although antidepressant and hormonal drugs are well-known medications for PMS, in affected women who can't tolerate, or don't have compatibility or compliance with these drugs, other effective treatments have always been important concern. This study aimed to compare effectiveness of online positive-oriented counseling, taking vitamin D3 tablet, and online lifestyle modification training on alleviating PMS. 3-armed parallel randomized clinical trial was performed on 84 20-40-year-old eligible women with PMS. 84 women were randomly ( www.random.org/sequenc ) allocated into three groups, but data of 77 women (1, n = 25) online positive-oriented counseling group (6 sessions), (2,…
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Yager JL, Brooks KM, Castillo-Mancilla JR, Nemkov C, Morrow M, Peterson S, Ibrahim M, Bushman L, Kiser JJ, MaWhinney S, Anderson PL (2021)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usAIDS (London, England)27 citations Tenofovir-diphosphate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during low, medium and high adherence to emtricitabine/ tenofovir alafenamide vs. emtricitabine/ tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
Objective: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) preferentially loads peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), resulting in higher PBMC tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). No studies have yet compared TFV-DP in PBMC from lower than daily dosing between prodrugs, which has potential implications for event-driven preexposure prophylaxis and pharmacologic forgiveness.
Design: Two separate randomized, directly observed therapy (DOT) crossover studies (DOT-DBS and TAF-DBS) were conducted to mimic low, medium and high adherence.
Methods: HIV-negative adults were randomized to two 12-week DOT regimens of 33, 67 or 100% of daily dosing with emtricitabine (F)/TAF 200 mg/25 mg (TAF-DBS) or F/TDF 200 mg/300 mg (DOT-DBS), separated by a 12-week washout. PBMC steady-state concentrations (Css) of TFV-DP and FTC-TP were estimated using nonlinear mixed models and compared be…
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Patel MS, Asch DA, Rosin R, Small DS, Bellamy SL, Hoffer K, Shuttleworth D, Hilbert V, Zhu J, Yang L, Wang X, Volpp KG (2020)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of physical activity & health5 citations Framing Social Comparison Feedback With Financial Incentives for Physical Activity Promotion: A Randomized Trial.
Background: Social comparison feedback is often used in physical activity interventions but the optimal design of feedback is unknown.
Methods: This 4-arm, randomized trial consisted of a 13-week intervention period and 13-week follow-up period. During the intervention, 4-person teams were entered into a weekly lottery valued at about $1.40/day and contingent on the team averaging ≥7000 steps per day. Social comparison feedback on performance was delivered weekly for 26 weeks, and varied by reference point (50th vs 75th percentile) and forgiveness in use of activity data (all 7 d or best 5 of 7 d). The primary outcome was the mean proportion of participant-days achieving the 7000-step goal.
Results: During the intervention period, the unadjusted mean proportion of participant-days that the goal was achieved was 0.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38 to 0.56) in the 50th percentile arm,…
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Koenig HG, Ames D, Youssef NA, Oliver JP, Volk F, Teng EJ, Haynes K, Erickson ZD, Arnold I, O'Garo K, Pearce M (2018)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usMilitary medicine58 citations Screening for Moral Injury: The Moral Injury Symptom Scale - Military Version Short Form.
Introduction: To develop a short form (SF) of the 45-item multidimensional Moral Injury Symptom Scale - Military Version (MISS-M) to use when screening for moral injury and monitoring treatment response in veterans and active duty military with PTSD.
Methods: A total of 427 veterans and active duty military with PTSD symptoms were recruited from VA Medical Centers in Augusta, GA; Los Angeles, CA; Durham, NC; Houston, TX; and San Antonio, TX; and from Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia. The sample was randomly split in two. In the first half (n = 214), exploratory factor analysis identified the highest loading item on each of the 10 MISS scales (guilt, shame, moral concerns, loss of meaning, difficulty forgiving, loss of trust, self-condemnation, religious struggle, and loss of religious faith) to form the 10-item MISS-M-SF; confirmatory factor analysis was then performed to replicat…
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Spiritually integrated care for PTSD: A randomized controlled trial of "Building Spiritual Strength".
Previous literature documents important cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between spiritual distress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outcomes. This study tests the efficacy of a spiritually integrated intervention "Building Spiritual Strength" (BSS) that can be delivered by trained chaplains. The intervention addresses spiritual concerns expressed by trauma survivors, including concerns in relationship with a Higher Power, difficulty with forgiveness, and theodicy. In a randomized controlled trial with blinded assessment, veterans were randomized to engage in a BSS condition (n = 71) or Present Centered Group Therapy (PCGT; control) condition (n = 67) with assessments at baseline, posttreatment, and a two-month follow up. Both groups showed similar, statistically significant reductions in symptoms of PTSD as measured by the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). …
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Spirituality in pain medicine: A randomized experiment of pain perception, heart rate and religious spiritual well-being by using a single session meditation methodology.
The aim of this study is to investigate different effects on pain perception among randomly assigned volunteers practicing meditation compared to a relaxation condition. The study examines whether participants of the experimental conditions (meditation versus relaxation) differ in the change of pain perception and heart rate measurement and in religious and spiritual well-being after an intervention.
Method: 147 volunteers (long-term practitioners and novices) were randomly assigned to the experimental conditions with a headphone guided 20-minute single session intervention. The change in their pre- and post-intervention pain perception was measured using Quantitative Sensory Testing and Cold Pressor Testing (CPTest), their stress-level was compared by monitoring heart rate, and their religious and spiritual well-being by using the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-…
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Koenig HG, Ames D, Youssef NA, Oliver JP, Volk F, Teng EJ, Haynes K, Erickson ZD, Arnold I, O'Garo K, Pearce M (2018)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of religion and health103 citations The Moral Injury Symptom Scale-Military Version.
The purpose of this study was to develop a multi-dimensional measure of moral injury symptoms that can be used as a primary outcome measure in intervention studies that target moral injury (MI) in Veterans and Active Duty Military with PTSD. This was a multi-center study of 427 Veterans and Active Duty Military with PTSD symptoms recruited from VA Medical Centers in Augusta, Los Angeles, Durham, Houston, and San Antonio, and from Liberty University in Lynchburg. Internal reliability of the Moral Injury Symptom Scale-Military Version (MISS-M) was examined along with factor analytic, discriminant, and convergent validity. Participants were randomly split into two equal samples, with exploratory factor analysis conducted in the first sample and confirmatory factor analysis in the second. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a subsample of 64 Veterans. The 45-item MISS-M consists of 10 th…
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Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Richards WA, Richards BD, Jesse R, MacLean KA, Barrett FS, Cosimano MP, Klinedinst MA (2018)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)281 citations Psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience in combination with meditation and other spiritual practices produces enduring positive changes in psychological functioning and in trait measures of prosocial attitudes and behaviors.
Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences with participant-attributed increases in well-being. However, little research has examined enduring changes in traits. This study administered psilocybin to participants who undertook a program of meditation/spiritual practices. Healthy participants were randomized to three groups (25 each): (1) very low-dose (1 mg/70 kg on sessions 1 and 2) with moderate-level ("standard") support for spiritual-practice (LD-SS); (2) high-dose (20 and 30 mg/70 kg on sessions 1 and 2, respectively) with standard support (HD-SS); and (3) high-dose (20 and 30 mg/70kg on sessions 1 and 2, respectively) with high support for spiritual practice (HD-HS). Psilocybin was administered double-blind and instructions to participants/staff minimized expectancy confounds. Psilocybin was administered 1 and 2 months after spiritual-practice initiation. Outcomes at 6 month…
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Impact of Killing in War: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Trial.
Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to test the effectiveness of Impact of Killing (IOK), a novel, cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) aimed at reducing mental health symptoms and functional impairment.
Method: Participants were 33 combat Veterans with a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis who had completed trauma-focused psychotherapy and reported distress regarding killing or feeling responsible for the deaths of others in war. Veterans were randomized to either IOK treatment or a 6-week waitlist condition, after which Veterans could receive IOK. IOK is a 6- to 8-session, weekly, individual, CBT, lasting 60-90 minutes, and focused on key themes, including physiology of killing responses, moral injury, self-forgiveness, spirituality, making amends, and improved functioning.
Results: We found that compared to controls (N = 16), the IOK group (N = 17) experienced a …
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'Live more': Study protocol for a community-based lifestyle education program addressing non-communicable diseases in low-literacy areas of the South Pacific.
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have reached epidemic proportions in Pacific Island countries. Unhealthy lifestyle is one of the major risk factors and lifestyle interventions have been shown to be efficacious for primary, secondary and early tertiary prevention. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding effective community-based lifestyle interventions in the Pacific Islands. The Complete Health Improvement Program for high-income countries was contextualised for rural communities with relatively low-literacy rates in low-income countries using the REFLECT delivery approach. This study will assess the effect of this 'Live More' program to reduce participant's NCD risk factors and improve lifestyle behaviours associated with health and wellbeing, in low-literacy communities in countries of the South Pacific.
Methods/design: This study is a 6-month cluster-randomised …
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Feasibility and utility of positive psychology exercises for suicidal inpatients.
Objective: The objective was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of nine positive psychology exercises delivered to patients hospitalized for suicidal thoughts or behaviors, and to secondarily explore the relative impact of the exercises.
Method: Participants admitted to a psychiatric unit for suicidal ideation or behavior completed daily positive psychology exercises while hospitalized. Likert-scale ratings of efficacy (optimism, hopelessness, perceived utility) and ease of completion were consolidated and compared across exercises using mixed models accounting for age, missing data and exercise order. Overall effects of exercise on efficacy and ease were also examined using mixed models.
Results: Fifty-two (85.3%) of 61 participants completed at least one exercise, and 189/213 (88.7%) assigned exercises were completed. There were overall effects of exercise on efficacy (χ(2)=19…
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Randomized clinical trial comparing affect regulation and supportive group therapies for victimization-related PTSD with incarcerated women.
Traumatic victimization and associated problems with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and affect dysregulation are prevalent among incarcerated women, but there is limited evidence to support psychotherapeutic interventions for these problems in this underserved population. A group psychotherapy designed to enhance affect regulation without trauma memory processing-Trauma Affect Regulation: Guide for Education and Therapy (TARGET)-was compared to a supportive group therapy (SGT) in a randomized clinical trial with 72 incarcerated women with full or partial PTSD. Both interventions achieved statistically significant reductions in PTSD and associated symptom severity and increased self-efficacy. Dropout rates for both interventions were low (<5%). TARGET was more effective than SGT in increasing sense of forgiveness toward others who have caused harm in the past. Group therapy that tea…
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Mindfulness training effects for parents and educators of children with special needs.
Parents and teachers of children with special needs face unique social-emotional challenges in carrying out their caregiving roles. Stress associated with these roles impacts parents' and special educators' health and well-being, as well as the quality of their parenting and teaching. No rigorous studies have assessed whether mindfulness training (MT) might be an effective strategy to reduce stress and cultivate well-being and positive caregiving in these adults. This randomized controlled study assessed the efficacy of a 5-week MT program for parents and educators of children with special needs. Participants receiving MT showed significant reductions in stress and anxiety and increased mindfulness, self-compassion, and personal growth at program completion and at 2 months follow-up in contrast to waiting-list controls. Relational competence also showed significant positive changes, with…
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Oxytocin indexes relational distress following interpersonal harms in women.
The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin, known for its involvement in social affiliation and bonding in animals, has recently been associated with a host of prosocial behaviors that are beneficial for maintaining positive social relationships in humans. Paradoxically, however, people with high endogenous levels of oxytocin also tend to report relational distress and interpersonal difficulties in their everyday lives. To address these contradictory findings, oxytocin reactivity was measured in response to a well-defined laboratory task in young adult women following recent interpersonal harms. Elevated mean peripheral oxytocin reactivity (but not baseline levels of oxytocin or cortisol reactivity) was associated with increased post-conflict anxiety and decreased levels of forgiveness. These results corroborate previous research implicating oxytocin as a neuroendocrine marker of relational …
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Seriously ill patients' discussions of preparation and life completion: an intervention to assist with transition at the end of life.
Objective: Patients approaching the end of life not only face challenges to physical well-being but also threats to emotional and spiritual integrity. Yet, identifying appropriate, effective, and brief interventions to address those concerns has proven elusive. We developed an intervention based on life review and emotional disclosure literatures and conducted a pilot study to determine feasibility and acceptability. This article presents qualitative intervention responses.
Method: We conducted a three-armed randomized control trial to evaluate the effects of preparation and life completion discussion on health outcomes in patients with advanced serious illness. Hospice-eligible subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) intervention (life completion discussion intervention), (2) attention control (relaxation meditation), and control (no intervention). Subjects in the in…
matched on forgiveness (text), forgiving (text)
The effects of a forgiveness intervention on patients with coronary artery disease.
This research assesses the effects of a psychology of forgiveness pilot study on anger-recall stress induced changes in myocardial perfusion, forgiveness and related variables. Thirty-two patients were administered baseline rest and anger-recall stress imaging studies, and 17 of these participants who demonstrated anger-recall stress induced myocardial perfusion defects (forgiveness group, n = 9; control group, n = 8) were randomly assigned to a series of 10 weekly interpersonal forgiveness or control therapy sessions with a trained psychologist, and underwent additional anger-recall stress myocardial perfusion nuclear imaging studies post-test and at 10-week follow-up. Patients assigned to the forgiveness group showed significantly fewer anger-recall induced myocardial perfusion defects from pre-test to the 10-week follow-up as well as significantly greater gains in forgiveness from pre…
matched on forgiveness (text), forgiving (text)
A palliative care intervention in forgiveness therapy for elderly terminally ill cancer patients.
Palliative care is now considered an essential part of end-of-life care, yet little research examines the efficacy of interventions addressing the psychological treatment of dying patients. Forgiveness therapy has been shown to be effective in improving psychological well-being and may provide a valuable addition to a terminal cancer patient's overall treatment plan. This study experimentally tested the effectiveness of a four-week forgiveness therapy in improving the quality of life of elderly terminally ill cancer patients. Participants (n = 20) were randomly assigned to a forgiveness therapy group or to a wait-list control group, which received forgiveness therapy in the second four-week period. All participants completed instruments measuring forgiveness, hope, quality of life, and anger at pre-test, post-test 1, and post-test 2. The forgiveness therapy group showed greater improveme…
matched on forgiveness (text), forgiving (text)
VanLoon P (2009)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC1 citations The practice of interpersonal forgiveness in the personal and professional lives of clergy.
This study examined the effects of a forgiveness education intervention on the psychological wellbeing of clergy and their ability to apply interpersonal forgiveness skills in their personal lives and in professional conflict situations depicted in hypothetical interpersonal conflict vignettes. A sample of 32 clergy from eleven different denominations was randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. Significant results were found between the groups in regards to the participants' willingness to forgive and the use of forgiveness strategies for resolving the interpersonal conflict situations.
matched on forgiveness (text), forgiving (text)
Do preparation and life completion discussions improve functioning and quality of life in seriously ill patients? Pilot randomized control trial.
Background: Significant palliative care intervention has focused on physical pain and symptom control; yet less empirical evidence supports efforts to address the psychosocial and spiritual dimensions of experience.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of an intervention (Outlook) that promotes discussions of end-of-life preparation and completion on health outcomes in dying persons, including pain and symptoms, physical function, emotional function (anxiety and depression), spiritual well-being, and quality of life at the end of life.
Design: A three-arm pilot randomized control trial. Subjects were recruited from inpatient and outpatient hospital, palliative care, and hospice settings. Intervention subjects met with a facilitator three times and discussed issues related to life review, forgiveness, and heritage and legacy. Attention control subjects met with a facilitator three times and …
matched on forgiveness (text), forgiving (text)
A study on the efficacy of body-mind-spirit group therapy for patients with breast cancer.
Aims and objectives: This study aims to understand the effects of culturally enriched body-mind-spirit group therapy on anxiety, depression and holistic well-being among women with breast cancer and to examine patients' views on what aspects of group therapy worked to enhance their health.
Design: The study was designed using multiple methods, which consisted of a randomised controlled trial and a focus group interview.
Methods: A total of 16 subjects in the control group received the standard care of a physician's treatment at the outpatient department. In addition to standard care, 12 subjects in the experimental group received 10 sessions of weekly body-mind-spirit group therapy for 180 minutes each. This therapy integrates concepts and practices of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine (e.g. positive psychology and forgiveness therapy). The subjects in the experimental gr…
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Meditation lowers stress and supports forgiveness among college students: a randomized controlled trial.
Objective and participants: The authors evaluated the effects on stress, rumination, forgiveness, and hope of two 8-week, 90-min/wk training programs for college undergraduates in meditation-based stress-management tools.
Methods: After a pretest, the authors randomly allocated college undergraduates to training in mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR; n = 15), Easwaran's Eight-Point Program (EPP; n = 14), or wait-list control (n = 15). The authors gathered pretest, posttest, and 8-week follow-up data on self-report outcome measures.
Results: The authors observed no post-treatment differences between MBSR and EPP or between posttest and 8-week follow-up (p > .10). Compared with controls, treated participants (n = 29) demonstrated significant benefits for stress (p < .05, Cohen's d = -.45) and forgiveness (p < .05, d = .34) and marginal benefits for rumination (p < .10, d = -.34).
Con…
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Effects of a group forgiveness intervention on forgiveness, perceived stress, and trait-anger.
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 6-week forgiveness intervention on three outcomes: (a) offense-specific forgiveness, (b) forgiveness-likelihood in new situations, and (c) health-related psychosocial variables, such as perceived stress and trait-anger. Participants were 259 adults who had experienced a hurtful interpersonal transgression from which they still felt negative consequences. They were randomized to a forgiveness-training program or a no-treatment control group. The intervention reduced negative thoughts and feelings about the target transgression 2 to 3 times more effectively than the control condition, and it produced significantly greater increases in positive thoughts and feelings toward the transgressor. Significant treatment effects were also found for forgiveness self-efficacy, forgiveness generalized to new situations, perceived stress, and trait…
matched on forgiveness (text), forgiving (text)