Releasing a grievance and restoring a relationship.
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Qurʾān
القرآن6 shownVerses named for this subject by hand come first. The rest are found by the subject’s own Arabic and English senses and are shown as lexical matches, not as anchors anyone has confirmed.
Qur'ān 24:22English sense: forgive, pardon | Arabic sense: صفح, عفو, يغفر | named: named for theme_bridge theme pardon
وَلَا يَأۡتَلِ أُوْلُواْ ٱلۡفَضۡلِ مِنكُمۡ وَٱلسَّعَةِ أَن يُؤۡتُوٓاْ أُوْلِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينَ وَٱلۡمُهَٰجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۖ وَلۡيَعۡفُواْ وَلۡيَصۡفَحُوٓاْۗ أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَن يَغۡفِرَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورࣱ رَّحِيمٌ
Those who have been graced with bounty and plenty should not swear that they will [no longer] give to kinsmen, the poor, those who emigrated in God’s way: let them pardon and forgive. Do you not wish that God should forgive you? God is most forgiving and merciful
Qur'ān 64:14Arabic sense: صفح, عفو | English sense: forgive, overlook, pardon | named: named for theme_bridge theme pardon
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِنَّ مِنۡ أَزۡوَٰجِكُمۡ وَأَوۡلَٰدِكُمۡ عَدُوࣰّ ا لَّكُمۡ فَٱحۡذَرُوهُمۡۚ وَإِن تَعۡفُواْ وَتَصۡفَحُواْ وَتَغۡفِرُواْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورࣱ رَّحِيمٌ
Believers, even among your spouses and your children you have some enemies- beware of them- but if you overlook their offences, forgive them, pardon them, then God is all forgiving, all merciful
Qur'ān 41:34English sense: better, repel | named: named for theme_bridge theme repel-with-better
وَلَا تَسۡتَوِي ٱلۡحَسَنَةُ وَلَا ٱلسَّيِّئَةُۚ ٱدۡفَعۡ بِٱلَّتِي هِيَ أَحۡسَنُ فَإِذَا ٱلَّذِي بَيۡنَكَ وَبَيۡنَهُۥ عَدَٰوَةࣱ كَأَنَّهُۥ وَلِيٌّ حَمِيمࣱ
Good and evil cannot be equal. [Prophet], repel evil with what is better and your enemy will become as close as an old and valued friend
Qur'ān 42:40named: named for theme_bridge theme pardon | English sense: forgive
وَجَزَٰٓؤُاْ سَيِّئَةࣲ سَيِّئَةࣱ مِّثۡلُهَاۖ فَمَنۡ عَفَا وَأَصۡلَحَ فَأَجۡرُهُۥ عَلَى ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّهُۥ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ
Let harm be requited by an equal harm, though anyone who forgives and puts things right will have his reward from God Himself––He does not like those who do wrong
Qur'ān 2:237named: named for theme_bridge theme pardon | Arabic sense: عفو
وَإِن طَلَّقۡتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَقَدۡ فَرَضۡتُمۡ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةࣰ فَنِصۡفُ مَا فَرَضۡتُمۡ إِلَّآ أَن يَعۡفُونَ أَوۡ يَعۡفُوَاْ ٱلَّذِي بِيَدِهِۦ عُقۡدَةُ ٱلنِّكَاحِۚ وَأَن تَعۡفُوٓاْ أَقۡرَبُ لِلتَّقۡوَىٰۚ وَلَا تَنسَوُاْ ٱلۡفَضۡلَ بَيۡنَكُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ
If you divorce wives before consummating the marriage but after fixing a bride-gift for them, then give them half of what you had previously fixed, unless they waive [their right], or unless the one who holds the marriage tie waives [his right]. Waiving [your right] is nearer to godliness, so do not forget to be generous towards one another: God sees what you do
Qur'ān 4:128English sense: settlement | named: named for theme_bridge theme reconciliation
وَإِنِ ٱمۡرَأَةٌ خَافَتۡ مِنۢ بَعۡلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوۡ إِعۡرَاضࣰ ا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَآ أَن يُصۡلِحَا بَيۡنَهُمَا صُلۡحࣰ اۚ وَٱلصُّلۡحُ خَيۡرࣱۗ وَأُحۡضِرَتِ ٱلۡأَنفُسُ ٱلشُّحَّۚ وَإِن تُحۡسِنُواْ وَتَتَّقُواْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرࣰ ا
If a wife fears high-handedness or alienation from her husband, neither of them will be blamed if they come to a peaceful settlement, for peace is best. Although human souls are prone to selfishness, if you do good and are mindful of God, He is well aware of all that you do
Research library, full list
76 to 100 of 561Reed GL, Enright RD (2006)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of consulting and clinical psychology91 citations The effects of forgiveness therapy on depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress for women after spousal emotional abuse.
Emotionally abused women experience negative psychological outcomes long after the abusive spousal relationship has ended. This study compares forgiveness therapy (FT) with an alternative treatment (AT; anger validation, assertiveness, interpersonal skill building) for emotionally abused women who had been permanently separated for 2 or more years (M = 5.00 years, SD = 2.61; n = 10 per group). Participants, who were matched, yoked, and randomized to treatment group, met individually with the intervener. Mean intervention time was 7.95 months (SD = 2.61). The relative efficacy of FT and AT was assessed at p < .05. Participants in FT experienced significantly greater improvement than AT participants in depression, trait anxiety, posttraumatic stress symptoms, self-esteem, forgiveness, environmental mastery, and finding meaning in suffering, with gains maintained at follow-up (M = 8.35 mont…
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Can group interventions facilitate forgiveness of an ex-spouse? A randomized clinical trial.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of 2 versions of an 8-session forgiveness group intervention for divorced individuals. Participants (randomized, n=192; analyzed, n=149) were randomly assigned to a secular forgiveness condition, a religious forgiveness condition, or a no-intervention comparison condition. Measures of forgiveness and mental health were obtained at pretest, posttest, and 6-week follow-up. Participants in both intervention conditions increased significantly more than comparison participants on self-reported forgiveness of an ex-spouse and understanding of forgiveness. Participants in the secular condition showed a greater decrease in depressive symptoms than comparison participants. Intrinsic religiousness did not moderate intervention effects.
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Beyond punishment: psychological foundations of restorative interventions.
Work on the psychology of justice has largely focused on punishment. However, punishment is not our only strategy for dealing with conflict. Rather, emerging work suggests that people often respond to transgressions by compensating victims, involving third-party mediators, and engaging in forgiveness. These responses are linked in that they are involved in more restorative than retributive justice practices: they center victims as well as (or instead of) perpetrators and can help repair fractured relationships. Work with non-human animals echoes these findings: reconciliation and intervention by third parties play a key role in conflict management across taxa. In this review, we focus on these restorative interventions, with the aim of painting a more complete picture of the psychology of justice.
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Worthington EL (2024)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usInternational journal of group psychotherapy REACH Forgiveness: A Narrative Analysis of Group Effectiveness.
In this narrative review, the effectiveness of the REACH Forgiveness psychoeducational group intervention is examined. REACH is an acronym to cue memory for steps in emotional forgiveness: R = recall the hurt; E = empathize; A = altruistic gift of forgiveness; C = commit to forgiveness experienced; H = hold onto forgiveness. Overall, 24 studies that reported outcome data on REACH Forgiveness psychoeducational groups were tabulated and examined. Previous meta-analysis had found that effect size was linearly related to time spent in forgiveness intervention; thus, effect size (denoted by d, pre-post difference in means divided by pooled standard deviation) was examined per hour (i.e. d/hr) as an aid to qualitative comparisons. Overall, mean d/hr = 0.089. Those 12 REACH studies in which Worthington was a coauthor (i.e. the allegiance effect) had a d/hr of 0.093 versus 0.065 for the six in w…
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Bullying and Cyberbullying in School: Rapid Review on the Roles of Gratitude, Forgiveness, and Self-Regulation.
This study aims to assist decision-making in anti-bullying interventions by highlighting the importance of positive factors such as gratitude, forgiveness, and self-regulation in mitigating the negative impacts of bullying/cyberbullying. The objective was to examine and synthesize available evidence on the impact of gratitude, forgiveness, and self-regulation practices in the school context regarding bullying/cyberbullying phenomena. Three databases were consulted (Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo), and the results include 14 articles. The three character strengths were associated with psychological well-being, life and school satisfaction, improved mental health, increased likelihood of engaging in pro-social behavior, and reduced involvement in bullying/cyberbullying situations. These strengths have the potential to enhance overall well-being and decrease risk behaviors, leading to m…
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Forgiveness and Health Outcomes in Cancer Survivorship: A Scoping Review.
Background: Religious and spiritual beliefs including forgiveness are an important aspect of cancer survivorship; however, the relationship between forgiveness and health is not well understood.
Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review that examines and maps the current research regarding relationships between forgiveness and health outcomes in individuals with cancer.
Methods: We searched 5 electronic databases using key search terms related to forgiveness and cancer. Using a scoping review framework, we synthesized the existing literature regarding forgiveness and health among individuals with cancer and examined forgiveness as a process for coping with cancer.
Results: We located 277 articles for review; 24 met inclusion criteria. Forgiveness in interpersonal relationships emerged more often as forgiveness coping than other types of forgiveness. Most studies re…
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Trauma and healing in the underserved populations of homelessness and corrections: Forgiveness Therapy as an added component to intervention.
The purpose of this article is to begin applying the principles of the psychology of forgiveness to people who are without homes and people who are in prisons. A review of the literature shows trauma for both groups. When the trauma is caused by unjust treatment by others, then excessive anger can result, compromising one's psychological and physical health. We review the interventions that have been offered for those without homes and the imprisoned to examine which existing programmes address such anger. Forgiveness Therapy, although untried in these two settings, may be one beneficial approach for substantially reducing unhealthy anger. Forgiveness interventions have shown a cause-and-effect relationship between learning to forgive and overcoming psychological compromise such as strong resentment and clinical levels of anxiety and depression. The literature review here suggests that f…
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Parsing the components of forgiveness: Psychological and neural mechanisms.
Forgiveness-a shift in motivation away from retaliation and avoidance towards increased goodwill for the perceived wrongdoer-plays a vital role in restoring social relationships, and positively impacts personal wellbeing and society at large. Parsing the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms of forgiveness contributes theoretical clarity, yet has remained an outstanding challenge because of conceptual and methodological difficulties in the field. Here, we critically examine the neuroscientific evidence in support of a theoretical framework which accounts for the proximate mechanisms underlying forgiveness. Specifically, we integrate empirical evidence from social psychology and neuroscience to propose that forgiveness relies on three distinct and interacting psychological macro-components: cognitive control, perspective taking, and social valuation. The implication of the lateral …
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Forgiveness facilitation in palliative care: a scoping review.
Objective: The objective of this review is to map the nature and extent of forgiveness facilitation intervention implemented and evaluated in palliative care contexts.
Introduction: Spiritual beliefs often include reconciliation and forgiveness, which are critical to patients and families in palliative care. Forgiveness facilitation can represent a valuable response as a multidisciplinary and non-pharmacological intervention to reduce suffering.
Inclusion criteria: Studies including palliative care patients aged 18 years or over and assisted by palliative care teams, including all healthcare professionals, chaplains, and volunteers, were included in this review.
Methods: This scoping review is based on JBI methodology. The search was conducted in June 2017 and updated in December 2018 using international databases and gray literature in English, Spanish, German, Italian, and Portuguese.
…
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Forgiveness, flourishing, and resilience: the influences of expressions of spirituality on mental health recovery.
The relationships of spirituality, religion, and health have been the subject of research in a variety of disciplines over the past two decades. Findings have varied: Some findings appear to have strong evidence of relationships while other findings are deemed inconclusive. A few studies have distinguished between religion and spirituality, but most investigators have treated the two as one concept with no clear lines of distinction between them. This theoretical study, focusing on the topic of spirituality, explores several related concepts, including forgiveness, flourishing, and resilience, as a basis for developing approaches to facilitate recovery in mental health clients using spiritual interventions.
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A socio-interpersonal perspective on PTSD: the case for environments and interpersonal processes.
Unlabelled: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common reaction to traumatic experiences. We propose a socio-interpersonal model of PTSD that complements existing models of post-traumatic memory processes or neurobiological changes. The model adds an interpersonal perspective to explain responses to traumatic stress. The framework draws from lifespan psychology, cultural psychology and research into close relationships and groups. Additionally, clinical knowledge about PTSD is incorporated. This involves knowledge about shame, guilt, estrangement feelings and protective factors, such as social support and forgiveness. Three levels are proposed at which relevant interpersonal processes can be situated and should be adequately researched. First, the individual level comprises social affective states, such as shame, guilt, anger and feelings of revenge. Second, at the close relations…
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Seshadri A, Clark MM, Kung S, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Sood A, Dammen KC, Rico JA, Tye SJ, McGillivray J, Frye MA (2020)clinical trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe primary care companion for CNS disorders9 citations Feasibility Study of Stress Management and Resiliency Training (SMART) in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.
Objective: Stress is associated with the onset, maintenance, and recurrence of depression. This study investigated the feasibility of stress management and resiliency training (SMART) for enhancing resiliency in a group of patients with major depressive disorder.
Methods: In an open-label study, patients with major depressive disorder were invited to participate in an adjunctive 8-week group therapy of SMART (from June 2017 to June 2018) that encompassed attention training and practice of gratitude, compassion, higher meaning, acceptance, and forgiveness. The primary outcome measure was baseline-to-endpoint change in resilience as measured by the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Secondary outcome measures included baseline-to-endpoint change in stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and in depression using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) and 9-ite…
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Henk Jan Conradi; Pieter Dingemanse; Arjen Noordhof and 3 others (2017)clinical trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usFamily Process25 citations
Effectiveness of the ‘Hold me Tight’ Relationship Enhancement Program in a Self‐referred and a Clinician‐referred Sample: An Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy‐Based Approach
While evidence-based couple therapies are available, only a minority of troubled couples seek help and they often do this too late. To reach more couples earlier, the couple relationship education (CRE) group program "Hold me Tight" (HmT) based on Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFCT) was developed. This study is the first to examine the effectiveness of HmT. Using a three-wave (waiting period, treatment, and follow-up) within-subject design, HmT was delivered to 79 self-referred couples and 50 clinician-referred couples. We applied a comprehensive outcome measure battery. Our main findings were that (1) self-referred couples significantly improved during HmT on all measures, that is relationship satisfaction, security of partner-bond, forgiveness, daily coordination, maintenance behavior, and psychological complaints, with a moderate-to-large mean effect size (d = .63), which was m…
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Nurse-facilitated preparation and life completion interventions are acceptable and feasible in the Australian palliative care setting: results from a phase 2 trial.
Background: Existential/spiritual needs of advanced cancer patients are not always met in healthcare. Potential barriers for health professionals exploring existential concerns include lack of time, training, tools, and confidence. Yet patients with life-threatening illnesses require holistic care, and interest in their existential/spiritual needs is growing. Preparation and life completion interventions have shown positive results in the existential/spiritual care of hospice-eligible patients in the United States. Nurses are in the ideal position to deliver such interventions, but have not been previously evaluated in this context.
Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the acceptability and feasibility of a nurse-facilitated preparation and life completion intervention (Outlook) in an Australian palliative care patient population.
Methods: Patients discussed their life s…
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Pharmacokinetics of once-daily darunavir-ritonavir and atazanavir-ritonavir over 72 hours following drug cessation.
The object of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of darunavir-ritonavir and atazanavir-ritonavir once-daily dosing over 72 h (h) following drug intake cessation. Volunteers received darunavir-ritonavir at 800 and 100 mg, respectively, once daily for 10 days, followed by a 7-day washout period, and atazanavir-ritonavir at 300 and 100 mg, respectively, once daily for 10 days. Full pharmacokinetic profiles were assessed for each phase for the 72 h following day 10. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined over 24 h and to the last measurable concentration by noncompartmental methods. Seventeen subjects completed the study. The geometric mean (GM) terminal elimination half-life to 72 h of darunavir was 6.48 h, which was lower than the 0- to 24-h half-life (10.70 h). The terminal elimination half-life of atazanavir was 6.74 h, which was lower than the 0- to 24-h half-life (1…
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Pharmacokinetics of atazanavir/ritonavir once daily and lopinavir/ritonavir twice and once daily over 72 h following drug cessation.
Background: We investigated the pharmacokinetics of atazanavir/ritonavir once daily and lopinavir/ritonavir twice and once daily over 72 h following drug intake cessation.
Methods: This was an open-label, three-session, pharmacokinetic trial. Healthy volunteers received atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg once daily and lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg twice daily and 800/200 mg once daily separately for 10 days. Pharmacokinetic profiles were assessed for each phase on day 10 over 72 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined over 12 or 24 h and to the last measurable concentration by non-compartmental methods.
Results: Sixteen participants completed the study. Geometric mean terminal elimination half-life to 72 h of atazanavir was 8.35 h and not different from the 0-24 h half-life (9.91 h). Terminal elimination halflife of lopinavir was 2.33 h (twice daily) and 2.44 h (once daily). These v…
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Clinical outcomes on B/F/TAF and dolutegravir-based regimens at 12 months following regimen switch: an observational cohort study.
Background: This retrospective observational study evaluated the clinical use and treatment outcomes in virologically suppressed people with HIV (PWH) switching to either bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) or dolutegravir (DTG)-based regimens (single- and multi-tablet formulations (STR and MTR)).
Methods: We analyzed electronic medical and dispensing records from Trio Health HIV Research Network for treatment-experienced PWH ≥ 18 years suppressed (viral load [VL] < 200 copies/mL) at switch to B/F/TAF, DTG STR (DTG/3TC, DTG/RPV, DTG/3TC/ABC) or most common DTG MTRs with VL at 12 months (+/-3) since switch between April 2019 and December 2024. Univariate comparisons: chi-square or t-test; characteristics associated with virologic suppression at 12 months: multivariable logistic regression [LR], controlling for age, gender, race, baseline CD4 count, regimen, and adher…
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Mitchell KR, Palmer MJ, Lewis R, Bosó Pérez R, Maxwell KJ, Macdowall W, Reid D, Bonell C, Mercer CH, Sonnenberg P, Fortenberry JD, Natsal-4 team (2025)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of sex research16 citations Development and Validation of a Brief Measure of Sexual Wellbeing for Population Surveys: The Natsal Sexual Wellbeing Measure (Natsal-SW).
Sexual wellbeing is an important aspect of population health. Addressing and monitoring it as a distinct issue requires valid measures. Our previous conceptual work identified seven domains of sexual wellbeing: security; respect; self-esteem; resilience; forgiveness; self-determination; and comfort. Here, we describe the development and validation of a measure of sexual wellbeing reflecting these domains. Based on the analysis of 40 semi-structured interviews, we operationalized domains into items, and refined them via cognitive interviews, workshops, and expert review. We tested the items via two web-based surveys (n = 590; n = 814). Using data from the first survey, we carried out exploratory factor analysis to assess and eliminate poor performing items. Using data from the second survey, we carried out confirmatory factor analysis to examine model fit and associations between the item…
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The association between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression under dolutegravir-based regimens: an observational cohort study from Uganda.
Introduction: Millions of people living with HIV (PLWH) take oral antiretroviral therapy (ART), which requires a lifetime of consistent medication adherence. The relationship between adherence and poor HIV outcomes is well documented. Newer ART regimens that include dolutegravir (DTG) could be more forgiving, but empirical evidence on the relationship between adherence and viral suppression under DTG is only emerging.
Methods: In this observational cohort study (secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial), we used data from 313 ART clients from a large HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Over the 4-year study period (January 2018-January 2022), 91% switched from non-DTG regimens to DTG regimens. We measured adherence using Medication Event Monitoring Systems-caps and extracted prescription information and viral load measures from electronic health records. We estimated unadjusted line…
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Anastasia Makhanova; James K.; McNulty and 8 others (2021)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usScientific Reports15 citations
CD38 is associated with bonding-relevant cognitions and relationship satisfaction over the first 3 years of marriage
Although there are numerous benefits to having a satisfying romantic relationship, maintaining high levels of relationship satisfaction is difficult. Many couples experience declines in relationship satisfaction in the early years of marriage, and such declines predict not only relationship dissolution but also poor mental and physical health. Several recent studies indicate that genetic variation on the CD38 gene (CD38), at the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3796863, is associated with cognitions and behaviors related to pair bonding; we thus leveraged longitudinal data from a sample of newlywed couples (N = 139 genotyped individuals; 71 couples) to examine whether rs3796863 is associated with relationship maintenance processes and, in turn, relationship satisfaction in the early years of marriage. Replicating and extending prior research, we found that individuals with the CC g…
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Hamer K, Penczek M, McFarland S, Wlodarczyk A, Łużniak-Piecha M, Golińska A, Cadena LM, Ibarra M, Bertin P, Delouvée S (2021)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usInternational journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie22 citations Identification with all humanity-A test of the factorial structure and measurement invariance of the scale in five countries.
Identification with all humanity measured as an individual characteristic is an important factor related to social and international relations, such as concern for global issues and human rights, prosocial attitudes, intergroup forgiveness, attitudes toward immigrants, solving global problems, reactions to hate crimes and dehumanisation. We examine the factorial structure, psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Identification with All Humanity (IWAH) scale in student samples from five countries (the United States, Poland, France, Mexico and Chile; N = 1930). Separate confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) for each country showed a second-order model of one superordinate factor with two subfactors. The cross-country validation of the scale, based on multigroup CFA, confirmed configural and metric invariance between countries for raw scores, and full metric invariance for "…
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Spiritual needs and their association with indicators of quality of life among non-terminally ill cancer patients: Cross-sectional survey.
Purpose: The study addresses the spiritual dimension of care of non-terminally ill cancer patients by measuring their spiritual needs in association with indicators of quality of life (i.e., happiness, satisfaction with life, pain intensity, functional capacity) and personal and illness characteristics.
Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey included 227 patients with cancer. All patients that underwent treatment at a nursing and supportive treatment unit were interviewed face-to-face between January and November 2018. Regression models were used to control for gender, education, religiosity, pain intensity, functional capacity, life satisfaction and happiness.
Results: The non-terminally ill cancer patients experienced the exceptional importance of Inner Peace and Giving/Generativity and Forgiveness, while Religious and Existential needs were scored marginally lower, but neverthe…
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Suicidal behavior and spiritual functioning in a sample of Veterans diagnosed with PTSD.
Background: Spiritual well-being has been lauded to exert a protective effect against suicidal behavior. This study examines the characteristics of spiritual functioning and their association with a self-reported history of suicidal thoughts and behavior in a sample of Veterans being treated for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Methods: The sample includes 472 Veterans admitted to a PTSD Residential Rehabilitation Program. Measures included the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness and Spirituality, PTSD Checklist--Military Version, Combat Experiences Scale, and individual items pertaining to history of suicidal thoughts and attempts, spiritual practices, and select demographics.
Results: Problems with forgiveness and negative religious coping were uniquely associated with suicide risk, above and beyond age, gender, or ethnicity, combat exposure, and severity of PTSD symp…
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Validation of the Portuguese version of the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS-P) in clinical and non-clinical samples.
Despite Brazil's high levels of religious involvement, there is a scarcity of validated religiousness/spirituality (R/S) measures in Portuguese, particularly multidimensional ones. This study presents the validation of the Portuguese version of the "Brief Multidimensional Measure in Religiousness and Spirituality" (BMMRS) within the Brazilian context. Inpatients (262) and caregivers (389) at two hospitals of Brazil answered the BMMRS, the DUREL-p, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The internal and convergent validity and test-retest reliability for major dimensions were good. Discriminant validity was high (except for the Forgiveness dimension). The Portuguese version of the BMMRS is a reliable and valid instrument to assess multiple R/S dimensions in clinical and non-clinical samples.
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Estimates of adherence to treatment of vivax malaria.
Background: The relation between therapeutic failure and non-adherence to treatment of malaria has been clearly established. Several measures have been used to estimate adherence to Plasmodium vivax therapy, but few protocols have been validated to ensure reliability of the estimates of adherence. The objective of this study was to validate a five-item-reported-questionnaire derived from original Morisky four-item scale to estimate adherence to P. vivax malaria therapy.
Methods: A five-item-reported questionnaire was applied to patients after treatment of P. vivax malaria, considering behaviours regarding to forgetfulness, carelessness as to time of administration, cessation or discontinuation of use and replication of dose. Data were collected in dichotomous and Likert scales. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and by the contribution of each item to total. The concurrent vali…
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