Being without connection, felt and structural.
Everything below was reached through this subject, not through the words you typed. Every row states how it was reached.
Research library, full list
301 to 325 of 969The effects of loneliness and social isolation on all-cause, injury, cancer, and CVD mortality in a cohort of middle-aged Finnish men. A prospective study.
Objectives: Loneliness and social isolation both increase mortality and are likely to affect health via several pathways. However, information on the potential pathways remains scarce. We investigated the associations between loneliness, social isolation, and mortality, and possible mechanisms underlying these connections.
Methods: The analyzed data comprised a prospective population-based cohort of Finnish men (42-61 years at baseline, n = 2588) who were followed up for an average of 23.2 years. Mortality data were obtained from the national population register in 2012. Cox proportional hazards analysis with adjustments for possible confounding factors was used to examine the associations between loneliness and social isolation at baseline and all-cause, injury, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying …
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Social Isolation, Loneliness, and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A 10-Year Follow-up Study.
Objective: Social isolation and loneliness have been associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but few studies have evaluated the impact of social isolation and loneliness on mortality in people with existing CVD, and these are limited to Western populations. We examined whether social isolation and loneliness are associated with increased risk of mortality in individuals with established CVD in Taiwan.
Methods: The cohort was composed of 1267 patients with confirmed CVD 65 years or older followed up for up to 10 years. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the association between social isolation and loneliness at baseline and mortality at follow-up by adjusting for demographic variables, health-related behaviors, and health status.
Results: There were 593 deaths during the follow-up period. Social isolation was associated with increas…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
The role of perceived social support on depression and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The aim of the present study was to examine the role of perceived social support pertaining to a range of psychological health outcomes amongst individuals undergoing social isolation and social distancing during COVID-19. A total of 2,020 participants provided responses to an online cross-sectional survey comprised of validated instruments including the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Brief Irritability Test (BITe) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS). Individuals experiencing self-isolation had significantly higher rates of depression, irritability and loneliness compared to those who were not. The risk for elevated levels of depression symptoms was 63% lower in individuals who reported higher levels of social support compared to those with low perceived social s…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Loneliness and Risk of Dementia.
Objective: The present study tests whether loneliness is associated with risk of dementia in the largest sample to date and further examines whether the association is independent of social isolation, a related but independent component of social integration, and whether it varies by demographic factors and genetic vulnerability.
Method: Participants from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 12,030) reported on their loneliness, social isolation, and had information on clinical, behavioral, and genetic risk factors. Cognitive status was assessed at baseline and every 2 years over a 10-year follow-up with the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICSm). A TICSm score of 6 or less was indicative of dementia.
Results: Cox proportional hazards regression indicated that loneliness was associated with a 40% increased risk of dementia. This association held controlling for social …
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students' social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland.
This study investigates students' social networks and mental health before and at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020, using longitudinal data collected since 2018. We analyze change on multiple dimensions of social networks (interaction, friendship, social support, co-studying) and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness) within two cohorts of Swiss undergraduate students experiencing the crisis (N = 212), and make additional comparisons to an earlier cohort which did not experience the crisis (N = 54). In within-person comparisons we find that interaction and co-studying networks had become sparser, and more students were studying alone. Furthermore, students' levels of stress, anxiety, loneliness, and depressive symptoms got worse, compared to measures before the crisis. Stressors shifted from fears of missing out on social life to worries about h…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
The paradox of social distancing: Implications for older adults in the context of COVID-19.
Loneliness and social isolation have tangible effects on mental and physical health, particularly for older adults. Individuals over the age of 60 may be uniquely at risk of experiencing the impact of loneliness. Social distancing, an intervention intended to protect at-risk individuals such as older adults, may in fact introduce further complications to the health and well-being of older adults, who find themselves more isolated secondary to the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Loneliness and social isolation among older adults in a community exercise program: a qualitative study.
Objectives: Loneliness and social isolation (L&SI) are associated with physical and cognitive decline in older adults. Walk 'n' Talk for your Life (WTL) is a community-based program of socialization, health education, falls prevention exercise and walking for community-dwelling older adults. This qualitative study was done to gain further insight into the experience and impacts of the WTL on seniors' L&SI.
Methods: One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixteen participants who had completed the WTL . Interview questions focused on eliciting a better understanding of how the WTL impacted participants' feelings of L&SI. Content analysis was used to classify the qualitative data .
Results: This qualitative evaluation helped to obtain a richer understanding of WTL participants' reasons for loneliness and the benefits of the program on participants' experience of L&SI. Par…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Social Isolation, Loneliness, And Violence Exposure In Urban Adults.
Social isolation is a key predictor of mortality in the US and may be heightened in communities affected by violence. Qualitative studies have documented that people living in high-crime neighborhoods often report being confined to their homes because of safety concerns. However, few quantitative studies have empirically assessed relationships between violence exposure and social isolation. In 2018 we conducted hour-long, in-person surveys with 504 adults in Chicago, Illinois. Prior exposure to community violence was associated with a 3.3-point reduction (on a 100-point scale) in the frequency of interaction with network confidantes, a 7.3-point reduction in perceived social support from friends, and a 7.8-point increase in loneliness. At a time when public health and policy leaders are calling for solutions to the "epidemic of loneliness," identifying populations at higher risk because …
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Associations between social isolation, loneliness, and objective physical activity in older men and women.
Background: The impact of social isolation and loneliness on health risk may be mediated by a combination of direct biological processes and lifestyle factors. This study tested the hypothesis that social isolation and loneliness are associated with less objective physical activity and more sedentary behavior in older adults.
Methods: Wrist-mounted accelerometers were worn over 7 days by 267 community-based men (n = 136) and women (n = 131) aged 50-81 years (mean 66.01), taking part in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; wave 6, 2012-13). Associations between social isolation or loneliness and objective activity were analyzed using linear regressions, with total activity counts and time spent in sedentary behavior and light and moderate/vigorous activity as the outcome variables. Social isolation and loneliness were assessed with standard questionnaires, and poor health, mobi…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Social engagement and loneliness are differentially associated with neuro-immune markers in older age: Time-varying associations from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.
Objectives: This study aimed to explore time-varying associations between social engagement, living status and loneliness and neuro-immune markers in older adults, and ascertain whether results are explained by socioeconomic position, health behaviours or depression.
Methods: We analysed blood samples from 8780 adults aged 50 and above from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing across three waves of data collection: 2004/5, 2008/9 and 2012/2013. We used fixed effects modelling to estimate the relationship between loneliness, social isolation, living alone and levels of fibrinogen, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP), whilst accounting for all time-invariant and identified time-varying confounders.
Results: Higher levels of social engagement and living with somebody were associated with lower levels of CRP, fibrinogen and WBC,…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Neighborhood, social isolation and mental health outcome among older people in Ghana.
Objective: Loneliness and living alone have been strongly related to mental health but limited empirical evidence of these relationships exists among older people in Ghana. We examine the pathways of independent and interactive impacts of loneliness and living alone on psychological distress (PD) risk among older people in Ghana and to investigate whether the associations are moderated by neighborhood characteristics.
Methods: Data were analyzed for 1200 community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years from a 2016/2017 Aging, Health, Psychological Wellbeing and Health-seeking Behavior Study. Mental health and loneliness were respectively assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (KPDS-10) and the Three-Item Loneliness Scale of the University of California, Los Angeles. OLS models estimated the associations and interactions.
Results: Participants were mostly women (63.3% [95%CI: 60.…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Are loneliness and social isolation associated with cognitive decline?
Objective: This study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3-year follow-up period in middle- and older-aged adults.
Methods: Data from a Spanish nationally representative sample were analyzed (n = 1691; aged 50 years or older). Loneliness, social isolation, and cognition (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency, forward digit span, backward digit span, and a composite cognitive score) were assessed both at baseline and at follow-up. Adjusted generalized estimating equations models were performed.
Results: Loneliness was significantly associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency, and backward digit span (B = -0.14 to B = -3.16; P < .05) and with a more rapid decline from baseline to follow-up in two out of six cognitive tests. Higher social isolation was associated w…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Anxiety, depression, loneliness and social network in the elderly: Longitudinal associations from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).
Background: Social network, loneliness, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression disorder (MDD) are interrelated. However, as the directions of these associations are still unclear, we examined them prospectively using community-based data.
Methods: Data on 5066 adults aged ≥50 years from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) were analyzed. Loneliness was assessed through the UCLA loneliness scale. Social integration was measured using the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index. MDD and GAD were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Logistic regression models were conducted.
Results: The longitudinal association between experiencing loneliness and higher likelihood of suffering from MDD or GAD two years later is bidirectional but stronger with loneliness as origin, whereas the association between social isolation and higher likelihood o…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Beller J, Wagner A (2018)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association125 citations Loneliness, social isolation, their synergistic interaction, and mortality.
Objective: Although loneliness and social isolation are distinct constructs, only few studies have examined the putative synergistic effects of loneliness and social isolation on health. The current study strives to fill this gap. We ask, "Do loneliness, social isolation, and their interaction predict mortality?"
Methods: We used a large nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults in Germany (N = 4,838) with a follow-up period of up to 20 years.
Results: We found that the effects of loneliness and social isolation synergistically interact with each other: The higher the social isolation, the larger the effect of loneliness on mortality, and the higher the loneliness, the larger the effect of social isolation.
Conclusions: Both constructs are important in predicting health. Researchers and practitioners should consider loneliness, social isolation, and their interacti…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Sleep loss causes social withdrawal and loneliness.
Loneliness and social isolation markedly increase mortality risk, and are linked to numerous mental and physical comorbidities, including sleep disruption. But does sleep loss causally trigger loneliness? Here, we demonstrate that a lack of sleep leads to a neural and behavioral phenotype of social withdrawal and loneliness; one that can be perceived by other members of society, and reciprocally, makes those societal members lonelier in return. We propose a model in which sleep loss instigates a propagating, self-reinforcing cycle of social separation and withdrawal.
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Chronic Stress, Social Isolation, and Perceived Loneliness in Dementia Caregivers.
Caregivers of individuals with dementia are at risk for chronic stress and social isolation. These exogenous factors may lead to perceived stress and perceived loneliness-psychosocial endogenous (subjective) elements of caregiving experience. Chronic stress and perceived loneliness may disrupt neuroendocrine and neuroimmunological regulation, creating low-grade systemic inflammation, promoting proinflammatory gene expression, and expediting cellular aging (endogenous physiological factors). These disturbances may enhance caregivers' risk for chronic conditions of inflammatory pathogenesis. Thus, caregivers' perceived stress and perceived loneliness may form a symptom cluster that can serve as a marker of risks for physical and mental illness. Due to the overwhelming reliance on family caregivers within the increasing population of individuals with dementia, it is essential that clinician…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Kobayashi LC, Steptoe A (2018)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usAnnals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine239 citations Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Health Behaviors at Older Ages: Longitudinal Cohort Study.
Background: The prospective associations between social isolation, loneliness, and health behaviors are uncertain, despite the potential importance of these relationships over time for outcomes including mortality.
Purpose: To examine the associations between baseline social isolation, baseline loneliness, and engagement in health behaviors over 10 years among older adults.
Methods: Data were from 3,392 men and women aged ≥52 years in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing from 2004/2005 to 2014/2015. Modified Poisson regression was specified to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between baseline social isolation, baseline loneliness, and consistent weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, consistent five daily fruit and vegetable servings, daily alcohol drinking at any time point, smoking at any time point, and a consistently overweig…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for the progression of frailty: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.
Background: loneliness and social isolation have been associated with mortality and with functional decline in older people. We investigated whether loneliness or social isolation are associated with progression of frailty.
Methods: participants were 2,817 people aged ≥60 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Loneliness was assessed at Wave 2 using the Revised UCLA scale (short version). A social isolation score at Wave 2 was derived from data on living alone, frequency of contact with friends, family and children, and participation in social organisations. Frailty was assessed by the Fried phenotype of physical frailty at Waves 2 and 4, and by a frailty index at Waves 2-5.
Results: high levels of loneliness were associated with an increased risk of becoming physically frail or pre-frail around 4 years later: relative risk ratios (95% CI), adjusted for age, sex, level of frailty…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Social isolation and loneliness: Prospective associations with functional status in older adults.
Objective: The present analysis aimed to examine the associations of isolation and loneliness, individually as well as simultaneously, with 2 measures of functional status (gait speed and difficulties in activities of daily living) in older adults over a 6-year period using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and to assess if these associations differ by SES.
Method: Loneliness was measured using the short form of the Revised UCLA scale, and an index of social isolation was computed incorporating marital status; frequency of contact with friends, family, and children; and participation in social activities. Measures of functional status were assessed identically at baseline and 6 years later for 3070 participants (mean age 69 years). Wealth was used as an indicator of SES.
Results: In fully and mutually adjusted models, social isolation and loneliness were found to be ass…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Social Isolation and Medicare Spending: Among Older Adults, Objective Social Isolation Increases Expenditures while Loneliness Does Not.
Objectives: Evaluate objective isolation and loneliness' impact on Medicare spending and outcomes.
Methods: We linked Health and Retirement Study data to Medicare claims to analyze objective isolation (scaled composite of social contacts and network) and loneliness (positive response to 3-item loneliness scale) as predictors of subsequent Medicare spending. In multivariable regression adjusting for health and demographics, we determined marginal differences in Medicare expenditures. Secondary outcomes included spending by setting, and mortality.
Results: Objective isolation predicts greater spending, $1,644(p<0.001) per beneficiary annually, whereas loneliness predicts reduced spending, -$768(p<0.001). Increased spending concentrated in inpatient and nursing-home (SNF) care; despite more healthcare, objectively isolated beneficiaries had 31%(p<0.001) greater risk of death. Loneliness did…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Social isolation, loneliness and their relationships with depressive symptoms: A population-based study.
Objectives: To assess the relationship between various social isolation indicators and loneliness, and to examine the differential associations that social isolation indicators, loneliness have with depressive symptoms.
Methods: Baseline data for 1,919 adults (aged 21 years and above) from a representative health survey in the Central region of Singapore was used for this study. The association between social isolation indicators (marital status, living arrangement, social connectedness with relatives and friends) and loneliness (the three-item UCLA Loneliness) were assessed, and their differential associations with depressive symptoms (the Patient Health Questionnaire-9) were examined using multiple linear regression, controling for relevant covariates.
Results: There was significant overlap between loneliness and social isolation. Social connectedness with relatives and friends were mi…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
A Prospective Study of Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Mortality in Finland.
Objectives: To estimate the simultaneous effects of social isolation and loneliness on mortality.
Methods: We analyzed a representative Finnish sample (n = 8650) from the cross-sectional Living Conditions Survey of 1994, with a 17-year follow-up period (1995-2011), by using Cox regression models adjusted for several possible confounding variables. We examined the possible nonlinear threshold effect of social isolation on mortality.
Results: The analyses revealed that social isolation predicted mortality even after we controlled for loneliness and control variables. The connection between social isolation and mortality was linear in nature and there was no synergistic effect between social isolation and loneliness. The effect of loneliness became nonsignificant when studied simultaneously with social isolation.
Conclusions: This study reveals strong evidence for an adverse effect of socia…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Groups 4 Health: Evidence that a social-identity intervention that builds and strengthens social group membership improves mental health.
Background: Social isolation and disconnection have profound negative effects on mental health, but there are few, if any, theoretically-derived interventions that directly target this problem. We evaluate a new intervention, Groups 4 Health (G4H), a manualized 5-module psychological intervention that targets the development and maintenance of social group relationships to treat psychological distress arising from social isolation.
Methods: G4H was tested using a non-randomized control design. The program was delivered to young adults presenting with social isolation and affective disturbance. Primary outcome measures assessed mental health (depression, general anxiety, social anxiety, and stress), well-being (life satisfaction, self-esteem) and social connectedness (loneliness, social functioning). Our secondary goal was to assess whether mechanisms of social identification were respons…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Loneliness, eudaimonia, and the human conserved transcriptional response to adversity.
Background: Chronic social adversity activates a conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) marked by increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes and decreased expression of antiviral- and antibody-related genes. Recent findings suggest that some psychological resilience factors may help buffer CTRA activation, but the relative impact of resilience and adversity factors remains poorly understood. Here we examined the relative strength of CTRA association for the two best-established psychological correlates of CTRA gene expression-the risk factor of perceived social isolation (loneliness) and the resilience factor of eudaimonic well-being (purpose and meaning in life).
Methods: Peripheral blood samples and validated measures of loneliness and eudaimonic well-being were analyzed in 108 community-dwelling older adults participating in the longitudinal US Health and Retiremen…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Internet use and depression among retired older adults in the United States: a longitudinal analysis.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between Internet use among retired older adults in the United States and changes in a commonly used predictor of depression (the CES-D).
Method: Analyzing data from four waves (2002-2008) of the Health and Retirement Survey, we assess whether an available and commonly used index of a depression state was affected by prior values of the index and Internet use. The sample includes 3,075 respondents observed over 4 waves of data, yielding a total of 12,300 observations. We analyzed the effect on depression of Internet use and past depression in a full sample and a matched sample. We also conducted informal tests for confounders. Finally, we tested a basic mediation model to determine whether Internet use affected depression through its relationship with loneliness and social isolation.
Results: Across methods, we found a po…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)