Being without connection, felt and structural.
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426 to 450 of 969Stuart A, Katz D, Stevenson C, Gooch D, Harkin L, Bennasar M, Sanderson L, Liddle J, Bennaceur A, Levine M, Mehta V, Wijesundara A, Talbot C, Bandara A, Price B, Nuseibeh B (2022)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usComputers in human behavior reports20 citations Loneliness in older people and COVID-19: Applying the social identity approach to digital intervention design.
The COVID-19 pandemic is worsening loneliness for many older people through the challenges it poses in engaging with their social worlds. Digital technology has been offered as a potential aid, however, many popular digital tools have not been designed to address the needs of older adults during times of limited contact. We propose that the Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC) could be a foundation for digital loneliness interventions. While SIMIC is a well-established approach for maintaining wellbeing during life transitions, it has not been rigorously applied to digital interventions. There are known challenges to integrating psychological theory in the design of digital technology to enable efficacy, technology acceptance, and continued use. The interdisciplinary field of Human Computer Interaction has a history of drawing on models originating from psychology to improve …
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A review on the COVID-19-related psychological impact on older adults: vulnerable or not?
Background: COVID-19 is a novel event of the twenty-first century. Therefore, contemporary research is required to determine the current pandemic's psychological impact on older populations. Soon after the COVID-19 outbreak, several narrative reviews and guidelines were released to support older adult's psychological wellbeing. However, a lack of data from original studies was reported until May 2020.
Aim: To identify studies published from May 2020 until January 2021 that quantitatively assessed the mental health impact of COVID-19 on older adults using validated psychometric tools.
Method: A comprehensive literature search of original research articles was conducted using specific terms. The screening procedure was conducted stepwise.
Results: Among the 18 included studies, cross-sectional online surveys indicated that older adults were less psychologically distressed than younger ones…
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Assessing life-space mobility for a more holistic view on wellbeing in geriatric research and clinical practice.
Life-space mobility (LSM) is a holistic measure of resilience to physical decline and social isolation in later life. To promote its use as an outcome in geriatric studies and in clinical practice, this review paper explains the concept of LSM; outlines available questionnaires for LSM assessment, provides an overview of associations between LSM and other outcomes, and discusses emerging methods to measure LSM using wearable sensors. Based on performed activity around a central geographical anchor, LSM aims to quantify the observed contraction of daily activities associated with ageing. Several questionnaires are available to assess LSM in different contexts: the University of Alabama Life-Space Assessment and the Life-Space Questionnaire (community settings), the Nursing Home Life-Space Diameter (nursing home settings) and Life Space at Home (for house-bound populations). Some studies u…
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The Connection Prescription: Using the Power of Social Interactions and the Deep Desire for Connectedness to Empower Health and Wellness.
Social connection is a pillar of lifestyle medicine. Humans are wired to connect, and this connection affects our health. From psychological theories to recent research, there is significant evidence that social support and feeling connected can help people maintain a healthy body mass index, control blood sugars, improve cancer survival, decrease cardiovascular mortality, decrease depressive symptoms, mitigate posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and improve overall mental health. The opposite of connection, social isolation, has a negative effect on health and can increase depressive symptoms as well as mortality. Counseling patients on increasing social connections, prescribing connection, and inquiring about quantity and quality of social interactions at routine visits are ways that lifestyle medicine specialists can use connection to help patients to add not only years to their l…
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Conclusions about interventions, programs, and approaches for improving executive functions that appear justified and those that, despite much hype, do not.
The 'Executive Functions' (EFs) of inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility enable us to think before we act, resist temptations or impulsive reactions, stay focused, reason, problem-solve, flexibly adjust to changed demands or priorities, and see things from new and different perspectives. These skills are critical for success in all life's aspects and are sometimes more predictive than even IQ or socioeconomic status. Understandably, there is great interest in improving EFs. It's now clear they can be improved at any age through training and practice, much as physical exercise hones physical fitness. However, despite claims to the contrary, wide transfer does not seem to occur and 'mindless' aerobic exercise does little to improve EFs. Important questions remain: How much can EFs be improved (are benefits only superficial) and how long can benefits be sustained? Wh…
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Leary MR (2015)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usDialogues in clinical neuroscience44 citations Emotional responses to interpersonal rejection.
A great deal of human emotion arises in response to real, anticipated, remembered, or imagined rejection by other people. Because acceptance by other people improved evolutionary fitness, human beings developed biopsychological mechanisms to apprise them of threats to acceptance and belonging, along with emotional systems to deal with threats to acceptance. This article examines seven emotions that often arise when people perceive that their relational value to other people is low or in potential jeopardy, including hurt feelings, jealousy, loneliness, shame, guilt, social anxiety, and embarrassment. Other emotions, such as sadness and anger, may occur during rejection episodes, but are reactions to features of the situation other than low relational value. The article discusses the evolutionary functions of rejection-related emotions, neuroscience evidence regarding the brain regions th…
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Relationship between loneliness, psychiatric disorders and physical health ? A review on the psychological aspects of loneliness.
Human beings are social species which require safe and secure social surroundings to survive. Satisfying social relationships are essential for mental and physical well beings. Impaired social relationship can lead to loneliness. Since the time of dawn, loneliness is perceived as a global human phenomenon. Loneliness can lead to various psychiatric disorders like depression, alcohol abuse, child abuse, sleep problems, personality disorders and Alzheimer's disease. It also leads to various physical disorders like diabetes, autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart disease, hypertension (HTN), obesity, physiological aging, cancer, poor hearing and poor health. Left untended, loneliness can have serious consequences for mental and physical health of people. Therefore it is important to intervene at the right time to prevent lonelin…
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Teo AR (2013)case reportMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe International journal of social psychiatry43 citations Social isolation associated with depression: a case report of hikikomori.
Background: Social isolation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A severe form of social isolation or social withdrawal, called hikikomori in Japan, has been described, but controversy over the etiology and universality of the phenomenon remains.
Method: Case report.
Results: Diagnostic assessment by structured clinical interview and psychometric tools revealed hikikomori and underlying bipolar disorder, in which the patient's social withdrawal occurred exclusively during major depressive episodes. The patient declined pharmacotherapy, but his hikikomori and depression went into remission after 25 sessions of cognitive behavioural therapy targeting his social isolation.
Conclusions: This is the first reported case of hikikomori in the Americas. It illustrates the association between hikikomori and a mood disorder, and suggests the importance of international study of …
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The prevalence of loneliness among adults: a case study of the United Kingdom.
Within contemporary Western (post) modern societies, loneliness is seen as a problem that is particularly associated with old age. Much less attention has been given to examining variations in loneliness across age groups. We examine patterns of loneliness across adults aged 15 years and older in the United Kingdom using data from the European Social Survey. We first consider the prevalence of loneliness among the adult population; then the relationship between loneliness and a range of key risk factors, and finally the relationship with age for each of our risk factors. Loneliness demonstrates a nonlinear U-shaped distribution, with those aged under 25 years and those aged over 65 years demonstrating the highest levels of loneliness. Depression is associated with loneliness for all age groups. Poor physical health is associated with loneliness in young adult and midlife but not later li…
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The associations of socioeconomic status, social activities, and loneliness with depressive symptoms in adults aged 50 years and older across 24 countries: findings from five prospective cohort studies.
Background: Depression is the leading cause of mortality among mental health disorders. Evidence about the associations of socioeconomic status, social activities, and loneliness with depression is scarce. We aimed to identify whether social activities and loneliness mediate the association between socioeconomic status and depression, and the extent of interactive or joint relationships between social activities, loneliness, and socioeconomic status on depression.
Methods: In this population-based, cross-national cohort study we used data from five nationally representative surveys across 24 countries between Feb 15, 2008, and Feb 27, 2019: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS); the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA); the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE); the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS); and the Mexican Health and Ageing Study…
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Soundararajan A, Lim JX, Ngiam NHW, Tey AJ, Tang AKW, Lim HA, Yow KS, Cheng LJ, Ho J, Nigel Teo QX, Yee WQ, Yoon S, Low LL, Ng KYY (2023)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPloS one19 citations Smartphone ownership, digital literacy, and the mediating role of social connectedness and loneliness in improving the wellbeing of community-dwelling older adults of low socio-economic status in Singapore.
Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, safe-distancing measures resulted in many community-dwelling older adults being socially isolated and lonely, with its attending negative impact on wellbeing and quality of life. While digital technology may have mitigated this, older adults of low socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to be digitally excluded and hence susceptible to the adverse effects of social isolation and loneliness. This study aims to understand the factors that affect digital literacy, smartphone ownership, and willingness to participate in a digital literacy program (DLP), and to test the hypothesized relations between digital literacy, social connectedness, loneliness, wellbeing, and quality of life amongst community dwelling older adults of low SES.
Materials and methods: A questionnaire assessing digital literacy, social connectedness, wellbeing and quality of …
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Loneliness and Risk of Parkinson Disease.
Importance: Loneliness is associated with morbidity and mortality, including higher risk of neurodegenerative diseases. To our knowledge, no study has examined whether the association between loneliness and detrimental outcomes extends to Parkinson disease (PD).
Objective: To assess whether loneliness is associated with risk of incident PD and whether the association is independent of other risk factors or modified by age, sex, and genetic vulnerability.
Design, setting, and participants: This prospective cohort study included a population-based sample of UK Biobank participants aged 38 to 73 years with loneliness data and without a diagnosis of PD at baseline who were first assessed from March 13, 2006, to October 1, 2010, and followed up to October 9, 2021.
Exposure: Feeling lonely and covariates that are known risk factors for or prodromal features of PD.
Main outcome and measure: Inc…
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Roddick CM, Chen FS (2021)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usAnnals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine33 citations Effects of Chronic and State Loneliness on Heart Rate Variability in Women.
Background: Loneliness, the subjective experience of social isolation, represents one of the largest risk factors for physical illness and early death in humans. However, the mechanisms by which loneliness leads to adverse health outcomes are not well understood.
Purpose: In this study, we examined altered parasympathetic nervous system function as a potential pathway by which chronic loneliness and state loneliness may "get under the skin" to impact cardiovascular physiology.
Methods: In a controlled laboratory setting, vagally mediated resting heart rate variability (HRV), HRV reactivity to an induction of state loneliness, and HRV reactivity to a cognitive challenge task were assessed in a sample of 316 healthy women (18-28 years).
Results: Greater chronic loneliness in women predicted lower resting HRV, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, af…
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Social Support, Isolation, Loneliness, and Health Among Older Adults in the PRISM Randomized Controlled Trial.
Objectives: Social isolation and loneliness are serious public health issues given the association with negative physical, mental; and cognitive health outcomes and increased risk for mortality. Due to changes in life circumstances many aging adults are socially isolated and experience loneliness. We examined the relationships among four correlated but distinct constructs: social network size, social support, social isolation, and loneliness as they relate to indices of health and wellbeing among diverse subpopulations of older adults. Guided by WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) we also examined factors that predict loneliness and social isolation. Methods: Analyses of baseline data from sample of older adults who participated in an intervention trial that examined the beneficial effects of a software system designed to support access to resou…
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Automatically identifying social isolation from clinical narratives for patients with prostate Cancer.
Background: Social isolation is an important social determinant that impacts health outcomes and mortality among patients. The National Academy of Medicine recently recommended that social isolation be documented in electronic health records (EHR). However, social isolation usually is not recorded or obtained as coded data but rather collected from patient self-report or documented in clinical narratives. This study explores the feasibility and effectiveness of natural language processing (NLP) strategy for identifying patients who are socially isolated from clinical narratives.
Method: We used data from the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) Research Data Warehouse. Patients 18 years-of-age or older who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between January 1, 2014 and May 31, 2017 were eligible for this study. NLP pipelines identifying social isolation were developed via extracti…
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Lee EE, Depp C, Palmer BW, Glorioso D, Daly R, Liu J, Tu XM, Kim HC, Tarr P, Yamada Y, Jeste DV (2019)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usInternational psychogeriatrics185 citations High prevalence and adverse health effects of loneliness in community-dwelling adults across the lifespan: role of wisdom as a protective factor.
Objectives: This study of loneliness across adult lifespan examined its associations with sociodemographics, mental health (positive and negative psychological states and traits), subjective cognitive complaints, and physical functioning.
Design: Analysis of cross-sectional data.
Participants: 340 community-dwelling adults in San Diego, California, mean age 62 (SD = 18) years, range 27-101 years, who participated in three community-based studies.
Measurements: Loneliness measures included UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 (UCLA-3), 4-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Social Isolation Scale, and a single-item measure from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) scale. Other measures included the San Diego Wisdom Scale (SD-WISE) and Medical Outcomes Survey- Short form 36.
Results: Seventy-six percent of subjects had moderate-high levels of …
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Loneliness, Depression, and Inflammation: Evidence from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
Objective: Both objective and subjective aspects of social isolation have been associated with alterations in immune markers relevant to multiple chronic diseases among older adults. However, these associations may be confounded by health status, and it is unclear whether these social factors are associated with immune functioning among relatively healthy adults. The goal of this study was to examine the associations between perceived loneliness and circulating levels of inflammatory markers among a diverse sample of adults.
Methods: Data come from a subset of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (n = 441). Loneliness was measured by three items derived from the UCLA Loneliness Scale. The association between loneliness and C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen was assessed using multivariable linear regression analyses. Models were adjusted for demographic and health characteristi…
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Oxytocin increases autonomic cardiac control: moderation by loneliness.
The current study examined the role of perceived social isolation in moderating the effects of oxytocin on cardiac autonomic control in humans. Intranasal administration of 20 IU oxytocin resulted in a significant increase in autonomic (parasympathetic and sympathetic) cardiac control. Specifically, oxytocin increased high frequency heart rate variability, a relatively pure measure of parasympathetic cardiac control, and decreased pre-ejection period, a well-validated marker of enhanced sympathetic cardiac control. Derived metrics of autonomic co-activity and reciprocity revealed that oxytocin significantly increased overall autonomic cardiac control. Furthermore, the effects of oxytocin on cardiac autonomic control were significantly associated with loneliness ratings. Higher levels of loneliness were associated with diminished parasympathetic cardiac reactivity to intranasal oxytocin. …
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The use of telephone befriending in low level support for socially isolated older people--an evaluation.
There is increasing policy recognition that the alleviation of social isolation and loneliness in older people should be prioritised. Recently, technology, such as telephone networks and the Internet, has received attention in supporting isolated and lonely older people. Despite lack of evidence, telephone befriending has been considered an effective low-level method to decrease loneliness among older people. This study evaluated the impact of a national befriending scheme for isolated and/or lonely older people, involving eight project sites across the UK 2007-2008. The purpose was to assess the impact of different models of telephone-based befriending services on older people's health and well-being. A mixed methods approach was used. This paper reports on the findings from 40 in-depth interviews with older service recipients. The most important finding was that the service helped olde…
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Transcript origin analysis identifies antigen-presenting cells as primary targets of socially regulated gene expression in leukocytes.
To clarify the biological rationale for social regulation of gene expression, this study sought to identify the specific immune cell types that are transcriptionally sensitive to subjective social isolation (loneliness). Using reference distributions for the expression of each human gene in each major leukocyte subtype, we mapped the cellular origin of transcripts found to be differentially expressed in the circulating immune cells from chronically lonely individuals. Loneliness-associated genes derived primarily from plasmacytoid dendritic cells, monocytes, and, to a lesser extent, B lymphocytes. Those dynamics reflected per-cell changes in the expression of inducible genes and related more strongly to the subjective experience of loneliness than to objective social network size. Evolutionarily ancient myeloid antigen-presenting cells appear to have evolved a transcriptional sensitivity…
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In the eye of the beholder: individual differences in perceived social isolation predict regional brain activation to social stimuli.
Prior research has shown that perceived social isolation (loneliness) motivates people to attend to and connect with others but to do so in a self-protective and paradoxically self-defeating fashion. Although recent research has shed light on the neural correlates of social perception, cooperation, empathy, rejection, and love, little is known about how individual differences in loneliness relate to neural responses to social and emotional stimuli. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that there are at least two neural mechanisms differentiating social perception in lonely and nonlonely young adults. For pleasant depictions, lonely individuals appear to be less rewarded by social stimuli, as evidenced by weaker activation of the ventral striatum to pictures of people than of objects, whereas nonlonely individuals showed stronger activation of the ventral striatum to pictu…
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Coppola AM, McDonald J, Jimenez AM, Cao J, Shao L, Xue Y, Zhang B, Valmadrid LC, Eyler L, Tu XM, Lee EE (2026)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie1 citations Non-Linear Relationships of Loneliness with Age in People Living with Schizophrenia and Non-Psychiatric Comparison Participants: Relations non linéaires entre la solitude et l'âge chez les personnes atteintes de schizophrénie et les personnes n'ayant aucun antécédent de maladie psychiatrique.
Objective: Loneliness - distress that arises from discrepancies between perceived and desired relationships - is increasingly prevalent and recognized as a major public health concern due to the association with negative health outcomes. People living with schizophrenia (PLWS) experience higher rates of loneliness than the general population and may be particularly vulnerable to these adverse outcomes. In the general population, loneliness fluctuates throughout the lifespan, but the relationship between loneliness and age in PLWS is not well understood.
Method: 271 adults, 141 adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (PLWS)and 130 adults with no history of major psychiatric illness (NCs) aged 27-69 completed clinical interviews and self-report measures assessing loneliness, perceived social support, and mental and physical health. Participants also completed b…
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Partner separation and sex contribute to anxiety-like behavior, but partner separation alone amplifies hippocampal inflammation following immune challenge.
Social bond disruption is increasingly recognized as a potent psychosocial stressor with widespread implications for mental and physical health. The monogamous California mouse (Peromyscus californicus), which forms enduring pair bonds and exhibits distress upon separation, provides a translational model for understanding the neuroimmune consequences of social loss. We hypothesized that partner separation would sensitize neuroimmune responses to systemic inflammation. Adult male and female mice were assigned to one of three housing conditions: naive (isolate-housed), partner (pair-housed for 20 days), or separated (pair-housed for 10 days followed by 10 days of isolation). Mice underwent partner preference assessment, open field testing, and were injected with saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 mg/kg), followed by tissue collection. Partnered mice developed selective partner preference…
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The association of social isolation and family structure on stroke-specific quality of life in a community-based study.
Purpose: Quality of Life (QOL) is a critical patient-centered outcome for individuals who have experienced stroke. This study examined the association of social isolation and family structure with Stroke-Specific QOL (SSQOL).
Methods: Participants were stroke survivors enrolled in the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) study in Nueces County, Texas who completed 90-day post-stroke follow-up interviews between October 2019 and June 2023. Interviewers assessed QOL using the SSQOL scale, social isolation using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scale. Family structure was assessed based on marital status, family size, and whether adult children were living within 10 miles of the patient. Linear models were developed to analyze the relationship between social isolation and SSQOL with successive adjustment for demographic, clinical, socioeco…
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Loneliness, coping practices and masculinities in later life: Findings from a study of older men living alone in England.
While much attention has been given to loneliness as a public health and societal problem less consideration has been given to men's experiences, particularly in later life, and there is a limited evidence based on what works with supporting older men to counteract the impact of loneliness on their mental and social wellbeing. In this paper, we focus on the experiences of older men living alone in the community. Between 2017-2018 72 men residing in England (65-95 years) took part in the study and shared their accounts of experiencing and addressing loneliness on an everyday basis. We generated qualitative data through semi-structured interviews. Interview data were analysed thematically using the framework analysis approach. We present and discuss findings on the difficulties older men experience in responding to and discussing loneliness and the range of coping practices men applied wit…
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