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201 to 225 of 969Transition to retirement and participation in mainstream community groups using active mentoring: a feasibility and outcomes evaluation with a matched comparison group.
Background: This paper reports on the feasibility and outcomes of a transition to retirement programme for older adults with disability. Without activities and social inclusion, retirees with disability are likely to face inactivity, isolation and loneliness.
Methods: Matched intervention and comparison groups each consisted of 29 older individuals with disability. There were 42 men and 16 women with a mean age of 55.6 years While attending their individual mainstream community group 1 day per week, intervention group participants received support from community group members trained as mentors. We assessed participants' loneliness, social satisfaction, depression, life events, quality of life, community participation, social contacts, and work hours before and 6 months after joining a community group.
Results: Twenty-five (86%) of the intervention group attended their community group we…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), loneliness (text)
Social isolation: a predictor of mortality comparable to traditional clinical risk factors.
Objectives: We explored the relationship between social isolation and mortality in a nationally representative US sample and compared the predictive power of social isolation with that of traditional clinical risk factors.
Methods: We used data on 16,849 adults from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Death Index. Predictor variables were 4 social isolation factors and a composite index. Comparison predictors included smoking, obesity, elevated blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier tables and Cox proportional hazards regression models controlling for sociodemographic characteristics were used to predict mortality.
Results: Socially isolated men and women had worse unadjusted survival curves than less socially isolated individuals. Cox models revealed that social isolation predicted mortality for both genders, as did smoking …
matched on Social Isolation (mesh), social isolation (text)
Does social isolation predict hospitalization and mortality among HIV+ and uninfected older veterans?
Objectives: To compare levels of social isolation in aging veterans with and without the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and determine associations with hospital admission and mortality.
Design: Longitudinal data analysis.
Setting: The Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS), at eight VA Medical Centers nationally.
Participants: Veterans aged 55 and older enrolled in VACS from 2002 to 2008 (N = 1,836).
Measurements: A Social Isolation Score (SIS) was created using baseline survey responses about relationship status; number of friends and family and frequency of visits; and involvement in volunteer work, religious or self-help groups, and other community activities. Scores were compared according to age and HIV status, and multivariable regression was used to assess effects of SIS on hospital admission and all-cause mortality.
Results: Mean SIS was higher for HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals…
matched on Social Isolation (mesh), social isolation (text)
Pedersen NL, Christensen K, Dahl AK, Finkel D, Franz CE, Gatz M, Horwitz BN, Johansson B, Johnson W, Kremen WS, Lyons MJ, Malmberg B, McGue M, Neiderhiser JM, Petersen I, Reynolds CA (2013)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usTwin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies31 citations IGEMS: the consortium on Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies.
The Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) group is a consortium of eight longitudinal twin studies established to explore the nature of social context effects and gene-environment interplay in late-life functioning. The resulting analysis of the combined data from over 17,500 participants aged 25-102 at baseline (including nearly 2,600 monogygotic and 4,300 dizygotic twin pairs and over 1,700 family members) aims to understand why early life adversity, and social factors such as isolation and loneliness, are associated with diverse outcomes including mortality, physical functioning (health, functional ability), and psychological functioning (well-being, cognition), particularly in later life.
matched on Loneliness (mesh), loneliness (text)
Cross-national differences in older adult loneliness.
Loneliness concerns the subjective evaluation that the number of relationships is smaller than the individual considers desirable or that the intimacy that the individual wishes for has not been realized. The aim of this study was to assess variations in levels of late-life loneliness and its determinants across Europe. Data came from the SHARE surveys, Wave 2 (Borsch-Supan et al., 2008), encompassing adults aged 50 years and over in Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland (N = 12,248). Loneliness was measured by a single item derived from the CES-D (depression) scale. Using logistic models, the present authors tested several types of explanations for country differences: differences in demographic characteristics, wealth and health, and social networks. Older adults in the southern an…
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Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness: construct validity and psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire.
The present study examined the psychometric properties and construct validity of scores derived from the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) using latent variable modeling with 5 independent samples varying in age and level of psychopathology. The INQ was derived from the interpersonal theory of suicide and was developed to measure thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness-both proximal causes of desire for suicide. Results support that thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are distinct but related constructs and that they can be reliably measured. Further, multiple-group analyses were consistent with invariance for young versus older adults and nonclinical versus clinical populations, thereby supporting the relevance of these constructs to diverse populations. Finally, both constructs demonstrated convergent associations with related interpersonal constructs-…
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Social isolation and depressed mood are associated with elevated serum leptin levels in men but not in women.
Background: Leptin, involved in energy homeostasis and a predictor of cardiovascular disease, has recently been recognized as mediator in stress reactions. We aimed to explore the association between leptin levels and two stress-related conditions, social isolation and depressed mood, both associated with increased cardiovascular mortality.
Methods: We analysed leptin levels in 1229 subjects (643 men, 586 women), derived from the population-based MONIKA/KORA study. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess depressive mood and social isolation. In a multiple linear regression adjusted for body weight, age and survey, the association between leptin, social isolation and depressed mood and its interaction was explored in men and women separately. Leptin was then dichotomized and four analyses, adjusted for age, BMI, lifestyle factors, psychosomatic complaints and metabolic variables w…
matched on Social Isolation (mesh), social isolation (text)
Women, loneliness, and incident coronary heart disease.
Objective: To examine associations between loneliness and risk of incident coronary heart disease (CHD) over a 19-year follow-up period in a community sample of men and women. Loneliness, the perceived discrepancy between actual and desired social relationships, has been linked to several adverse health outcomes. However, no previous research has prospectively examined the association between loneliness and incident CHD in a community sample of men and women.
Methods: Hypotheses were examined using data from the First National Health and Nutrition Survey and its follow-up studies (n = 3003). Loneliness, assessed by one item from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression scale, and covariates were derived from baseline interviews. Incident CHD was derived from hospital records/death certificates over 19 years of follow-up. Hypotheses were evaluated, using Cox proportional hazards…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), loneliness (text)
Lucht MJ, Barnow S, Sonnenfeld C, Rosenberger A, Grabe HJ, Schroeder W, Völzke H, Freyberger HJ, Herrmann FH, Kroemer H, Rosskopf D (2009)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usProgress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry178 citations Associations between the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and affect, loneliness and intelligence in normal subjects.
Associations of oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) variants and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been reported in earlier studies; in one of the studies associations with IQ and daily living skills were found additionally. Variations of the oxytocin receptor gene might also regulate affect, attachment and separation beyond the diagnostic borders of autism. We tested hypotheses of associations between positive and negative affects and social and emotional loneliness (285 adults), IQ (117 adolescents) and polymorphisms of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR rs53576, rs2254298 and rs2228485) in normal subjects. Individuals with the oxytocin OXTR rs53576 A/A genotype showed lower positive affect scores (F=5.532, df=1; p=0.019). This effect was restricted to males (F=13.098, df=1; p=0.00047). Haplotypes constructed with the three markers were associated with positive affect (p=0.0012), negative a…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), loneliness (text)
Reciprocal affiliation among adolescent rats during a mild group stressor predicts mammary tumors and lifespan.
Objective: Although the detrimental physical health effects of social isolation have been known for three decades, the answers to how and why social relationships generally improve health remain elusive. Social relationships are not always beneficial, and we examined a structural dimension that may bring about their salubrious effects: affiliative reciprocity during a stressor.
Methods: In a lifespan study, female rats lived with their sisters and were tested for temperament, affiliative reciprocity during an everyday stressor at puberty, corticosterone response to a stressor, mammary tumor development and diagnosis, and death.
Results: Rats that affiliated more reciprocally during a mild group stressor survived longer (p = .0005), having exhibited a lower corticosterone peak in response to an acute novel stressor in late adulthood (p = .0015), and longer time to the development of spont…
matched on Social Isolation (mesh), social isolation (text)
Lived experience of patients with sleep apnea: a systematic synthesis of qualitative evidence.
Background: Sleep apnea (SA) is a prevalent chronic disease with significant morbidity that negatively impacts a patient's perception of health and quality of life (QoL).
Objective: This review synthesized qualitative evidence on the experiences of patients living with SA to understand the disease's impacts on QoL.
Methods: We performed a systematic review of qualitative studies and searched eight electronic databases from inception dates to 22 September 2020. We analyzed the data using Sandelowski's proposed method of meta-synthesis, and applied Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) and GRADE-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual) criteria to appraise the studies' qualities, and synthesized findings, respectively.
Results: Fourteen qualitative studies met the selection criteria. Four themes and 16 subthemes emerged: (1) sleep-related manifesta…
matched on loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Potential Benefits of Incorporating Peer-to-Peer Interactions Into Digital Interventions for Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review.
Objective: Peer-to-peer interactions and support groups mitigate experiences of social isolation and loneliness often reported by individuals with psychotic disorders. Online peer-to-peer communication can promote broader use of this form of social support. Peer-to-peer interactions occur naturally on social media platforms, but they can negatively affect mental health. Recent digital interventions for persons with psychotic disorders have harnessed the principles of social media to incorporate peer-to-peer communication. This review examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of recent digital interventions in order to identify strategies to maximize benefits of online peer-to-peer communication for persons with psychotic disorders.
Methods: An electronic database search of PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and …
matched on loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Suicide risk in long-term care facilities: a systematic review.
Objective: Suicide risk is highest in later life; however, little is known about the risk of suicide among older adults in long-term care facilities (e.g., nursing homes and assisted living facilities). The goal of this paper is to review and synthesize the descriptive and analytic epidemiology of suicide in long-term care settings over the past 25 years.
Methods: Four databases (PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Web of Knowledge, and EBSCOHost Academic Search Complete) were searched for empirical studies of suicide risk in nursing homes, assisted living, and other residential facilities from 1985 to 2013. Of the 4073 unique research articles identified, 37 were selected for inclusion in this review.
Results: Of the included reports, 21 were cross-sectional, 8 cohort, 3 qualitative, and 5 intervention studies. Most studies indicate that suicidal thoughts (active and passive) are common among resident…
matched on loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Interventions to reduce loneliness in caregivers: An integrative review of the literature.
Older adults are at an increased risk of loneliness. Many also serve as informal caregivers for persons with dementia and other disabling conditions, further predisposing them to loneliness. The primary objective was to assess current loneliness interventions for caregivers to inform development of effective therapies to improve their quality of life. An integrative review of the literature was conducted using five electronic databases and 12 studies were included for further analysis. Data were extracted regarding the type of intervention implemented, caregiver characteristics, and intervention effects. Five main intervention types emerged: mindful meditation, computer applications, music therapy, peer support, and community programs. Most care recipients had dementia, and most caregivers were spouses. Peer support was the most frequently utilized intervention, and common intervention s…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (keyword), loneliness (text)
Loneliness: A signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, most communities in the United States imposed stay-at-home orders to mitigate the spread of the novel coronavirus, potentially leading to chronic social isolation. During the third week of shelter-in-place guidelines, 1,013 U.S. adults completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale-3 and Public Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Loneliness was elevated, with 43% of respondents scoring above published cutoffs, and was strongly associated with greater depression and suicidal ideation. Loneliness is a critical public health concern that must be considered during the social isolation efforts to combat the pandemic.
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Wu B (2020)editorial or commentMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usGlobal health research and policy352 citations Social isolation and loneliness among older adults in the context of COVID-19: a global challenge.
We are experiencing a historical moment with an unprecedented challenge of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The outbreak of COVID-19 will have a long-term and profound impact on older adults' health and well-being. Social isolation and loneliness are likely to be one of the most affected health outcomes. Social isolation and loneliness are major risk factors that have been linked with poor physical and mental health status. This paper discusses several approaches that may address the issues of social isolation and loneliness. These approaches include promoting social connection as public health messaging, mobilizing the resources from family members, community-based networks and resources, developing innovative technology-based interventions to improve social connections, and engaging the health care system to begin the process of developing methods to identify social isolation and loneline…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text)
Practical Recommendations for Maintaining Active Lifestyle during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review.
Diminished volumes of habitual physical activity and increased sedentary levels have been observed as a result of COVID-19 home-confinement. Consequences of inactivity, including a higher mortality rate and poorer general health and fitness, have been reported. This systematic review aimed to provide practical recommendations for maintaining active lifestyles during pandemics. In May 2020, two electronic databases (PubMed; Web of Science) were used to search for relevant studies. A total of 1206 records were screened by two researchers. Thirty-one relevant studies were included in this systematic review, in which the methodological quality was assessed. With regard to six studies, which explicitly dealt with physical activity during COVID-19, the evidence level is classified by three articles to level II, and in the other three to level VI. Regarding the physical activity recommendations…
matched on Social Isolation (keyword)
A systematic review of the impact of stroke on social support and social networks: associated factors and patterns of change.
Objective: Identify what factors are associated with functional social support and social network post stroke; explore stroke survivors' perspectives on what changes occur and how they are perceived.
Data sources: The following electronic databases were systematically searched up to May 2015: Academic Search Complete; CINAHL Plus; E-journals; Health Policy Reference Centre; MEDLINE; PsycARTICLES; PsycINFO; and SocINDEX.
Review methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed in the conduct and reporting of this review. All included studies were critically appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tools. Meta-ethnographic techniques were used to integrate findings from the qualitative studies. Given the heterogeneous nature of the quantitative studies, data synthesis was narrative.
Results: Seventy research reports met the eligibility criteria: 22 qualitative and 48 quantitative repor…
matched on Social Isolation (keyword)
Zhang J, Li Y, Sun X, An R, Zhang H, Gong J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Gu Y, Xia Y (2026)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usChronic respiratory disease1 citations Associations of social isolation and loneliness with the risk of adult-onset asthma: A prospective cohort and mendelian randomization study.
BackgroundDespite proposed aetiological mechanisms involving stress-induced inflammation and behaviour, population-level evidence linking social isolation and loneliness to asthma is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to examine the associations of social isolation, loneliness, and genetic predisposition with asthma risk in middle-aged and older adults, and to quantify the contribution of various risk factors. MethodsA total of 400,184 asthma-free participants were enrolled from the UK Biobank. Loneliness was evaluated using the short form of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and social isolation was assessed through a composite score based on key social network components. Asthma was evaluated using hospital inpatient records in UK Biobank. Genetic predisposition for asthma was characterized using weighted polygenic risk score (PRS). Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to assess the…
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Associations of social isolation, social participation, and loneliness with frailty in older adults in Singapore: a panel data analysis.
Background: There is a shortage of research evidence about how social isolation, social participation, and loneliness were longitudinally associated with frailty. This study was to 1) examine the associations of social isolation, social participation, and loneliness with level of frailty among community-dwelling older adults using panel data, and 2) explore the moderating effect of gender on the association of social isolation, social participation and loneliness with frailty.
Methods: The study included 606 participants aged 60 years and above from the longitudinal Population Health Index Survey conducted in Singapore. At each timepoint, level of frailty was determined using the Clinical Frailty Scale. Social isolation was assessed by the Lubben Social Network Scale-6, and loneliness was assessed using the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale. Fixed-effects ordinal logistic regressions were…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text), lonely (text)
The association between loneliness, social isolation and all-cause mortality in a nationally representative sample of older women and men.
Objectives: Individuals who feel lonely and those who are socially isolated have higher mortality risks than those who are not lonely or socially isolated. However, the importance of loneliness and social isolation for survival is rarely analysed in the same study or with consideration of gender differences. The aim was to examine the separate, mutually adjusted, and combined effects of loneliness and social isolation with mortality in older women and men.
Methods: Data from the SWEOLD study, a nationally representative sample of people aged 69+ years living in Sweden, was combined with register data on mortality and analysed using Cox regressions.
Results: Mortality was higher among older women and men with higher levels of loneliness or social isolation. Social isolation was more strongly associated with mortality than loneliness and the association remained when controlling for health…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text), lonely (text)
"It makes me feel not so alone": features of the Choose to Move physical activity intervention that reduce loneliness in older adults.
Background: Despite the well-known health benefits of physical activity (PA), older adults are the least active citizens. Older adults are also at risk for loneliness. Given that lonely individuals are at risk for accelerated loss of physical functioning and health with age, PA interventions that aim to enhance social connectedness may decrease loneliness and increase long-term PA participation. The objectives of this mixed-method study are to: (1) evaluate whether an evidence-based PA intervention (Choose to Move; CTM) influenced PA and loneliness differently among self-identified 'lonely' versus 'not lonely' older adults and (2) to describe factors within CTM components most likely to promote social connectedness/reduce loneliness.
Methods: CTM is a flexible, scalable, community-based health promoting physical activity intervention for older adults. Two community delivery partner organ…
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Modifying Behavioral Activation to Reduce Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Older Adults.
Objective: To describe our modification of Behavioral Activation to address social isolation and loneliness: Brief Behavioral Activation for Improving Social Connectedness. Our recent randomized clinical trial demonstrated the effectiveness of the intervention, compared to friendly visit, in alleviating loneliness, reducing depressive symptoms, and increasing social connectedness with lonely homebound older adults receiving home-delivered meals.
Methods: We modified Brief Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression to address social isolation and loneliness by addressing each of its key elements: Psychoeducation; intervention rationale; exploration of life areas, values and activities; and activity monitoring and planning. The intervention consisted of six weekly sessions, up to 1 hour each. Interventionists were bachelor's-level individuals without formal clinical training who partic…
matched on Loneliness (mesh), Social Isolation (mesh), loneliness (text), social isolation (text), lonely (text)
How Adolescents Use Social Media to Cope with Feelings of Loneliness and Anxiety During COVID-19 Lockdown.
Next to physical health problems and economic damage, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated lockdown measures taken by governments of many countries are expected to cause mental health problems. Especially for adolescents, who highly rely on social contacts with peers, the prolonged period of social isolation may have detrimental effects on their mental health. Based on the mood management theory, the current study examines if social media are beneficial for adolescents to cope with feelings of anxiety and loneliness during the quarantine. A survey study among 2,165 (Belgian) adolescents (13-19 years old) tested how feelings of anxiety and loneliness contributed to their happiness level, and whether different social media coping strategies (active, social relations, and humor) mediated these relations. Structural equation modeling revealed that feelings of lonel…
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Lieberz J, Shamay-Tsoory SG, Saporta N, Esser T, Kuskova E, Stoffel-Wagner B, Hurlemann R, Scheele D (2021)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)77 citations Loneliness and the Social Brain: How Perceived Social Isolation Impairs Human Interactions.
Loneliness is a painful condition associated with increased risk for premature mortality. The formation of new, positive social relationships can alleviate feelings of loneliness, but requires rapid trustworthiness decisions during initial encounters and it is still unclear how loneliness hinders interpersonal trust. Here, a multimodal approach including behavioral, psychophysiological, hormonal, and neuroimaging measurements is used to probe a trust-based mechanism underlying impaired social interactions in loneliness. Pre-stratified healthy individuals with high loneliness scores (n = 42 out of a screened sample of 3678 adults) show reduced oxytocinergic and affective responsiveness to a positive conversation, report less interpersonal trust, and prefer larger social distances compared to controls (n = 40). Moreover, lonely individuals are rated as less trustworthy compared to controls…
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