What is eaten and how it bears on mind and body.
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426 to 450 of 1,410Concord grape juice supplementation improves memory function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
Concord grape juice contains polyphenol compounds, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and influence neuronal signalling. Concord grape juice supplementation has been shown to reduce inflammation, blood pressure and vascular pathology in individuals with CVD, and consumption of such flavonoid-containing foods is associated with a reduced risk for dementia. In addition, preliminary animal data have indicated improvement in memory and motor function with grape juice supplementation, suggesting potential for cognitive benefit in ageing humans. In this initial investigation of neurocognitive effects, we enrolled twelve older adults with memory decline but not dementia in a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial with Concord grape juice supplementation for 12 weeks. We observed significant improvement in a measure of verbal learning and non-significant enhancem…
matched on Fruit (mesh), nutrition (text)
Sex-Specific Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obese Individuals.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has long been associated with several health benefits, including a reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. The MedDiet is characterized by a high consumption of foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive oil, along with a moderate intake of red meat and red wine with meals. Some studies report significant differences between men and women in susceptibility to obesity, with women at a higher prevalence of obesity than men. One unexplored aspect, however, concerns the sex difference in MedDiet adherence, which could be influenced by various factors, such as health perceptions, food preferences, and cultural influences. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and impact of MedDiet adherence in men and women, with a focus on its influence on health and well-being, as well as its ability to promote s…
matched on Diet, Mediterranean (mesh)
A novel health behaviour intervention to promote adherence in kidney failure.
Background: Health behaviour adherence is associated with improved survival in kidney failure (KF); however, most patients with KF do not adhere to one or more health behaviours. Existing health behaviour interventions have significant limitations and do not focus on psychological factors that are associated with adherence and health.
Objectives: To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a 12-week, phone-delivered, positive psychology-motivational interviewing (MI) intervention to promote psychological well-being and adherence in KF.
Design: Single-arm, proof-of-concept trial (N = 10).
Participants: Participants were adults with KF undergoing haemodialysis and reporting suboptimal adherence to physical activity, diet, and/or medications. Participants attended weekly phone sessions with a study trainer, completed weekly positive psychology exercises (focused o…
matched on Diet (mesh)
Protocol for the Optimune trial: a randomized controlled trial evaluating a novel Internet intervention for breast cancer survivors.
Introduction: Depression and fatigue are common in breast cancer survivors, and their presence is associated with personal suffering and worse prognosis. While many women receive short-term psychological support in the acute treatment phase, this is rarely available in subsequent phases. Internet interventions for breast cancer survivors could provide additional psychological support, as they are easily accessible and may be effective. However, no trial has yet examined the effectiveness of an Internet intervention that provides cognitive behavioural therapy techniques plus lifestyle advice for this population. This trial aims to test whether Optimune, a novel Internet intervention we developed for that purpose, leads to improvements in quality of life and relevant lifestyle habits over the course of 3 to 6 months.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will include 360 female b…
matched on Diet (mesh)
A comparative effectiveness trial of two family-based childhood obesity treatment programs in a medically underserved region: Rationale, design & methods.
While there is a large body of literature documenting the efficacy of family-based childhood obesity (FBCO) treatment interventions, there is little evidence that these interventions have been systematically translated into regular practice - particularly in health disparate regions. To address this research-practice gap, this project was guided by a community advisory board (CAB) and the RE-AIM planning and evaluation framework within a systems-based and community-based participatory research approach. Families with overweight or obese children between 5 and 12 years old, in the medically-underserved Dan River Region, were randomly assigned to one of two FBCO treatment programs (iChoose vs. Family Connections) delivered by local Parks & Recreation staff. Both programs have previously demonstrated clinically meaningful child BMI z-score reductions, but vary in intensity, structure, and i…
matched on Diet (mesh)
Mental health informed physical activity for first responders and their support partner: a protocol for a stepped-wedge evaluation of an online, codesigned intervention.
Background: First responders (police, fire and ambulance officers) are at a significantly increased risk of experiencing poor mental health, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. These conditions are associated with high rates of cardiovascular disease, in part due to low levels of physical activity (PA) and high levels of sedentary behaviour. Using a person's social support system may be an effective solution to help increase PA levels to improve mental and physical health outcomes. We will examine the efficacy of a group-based online intervention in increasing PA in first responders and their support partners, iteratively codesigned with advisors with lived experience of mental illness among first responders.
Methods: This study will recruit a convenience sample of self-identified sedentary first responders and their self-selected support partners to a 10-week PA pro…
matched on Diet (mesh)
Luque V, Closa-Monasterolo R, Grote V, Ambrosini GL, Zaragoza-Jordana M, Ferré N, Theurich M, Koletzko B, Verduci E, Gruszfeld D, Xhonneux A, Escribano J (2021)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usClinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)9 citations Dietary patterns acquired in early life are associated with cardiometabolic markers at school age.
Background & aims: it has previously been described that dietary patterns established early in life tracked to late childhood. The aim of the present work was to analyse the association of dietary patterns that tracked from 2 to 8y with cardiometabolic markers at 8y of age.
Methods: The 3 identified patterns at 2y (that previous analyses showed to track to age 8y) were: "CoreDP", loaded for vegetables, fruits, fish, olive oil, etc.; "F&SDP", loaded by poor-quality fats and sugars; and "ProteinDP", mainly loaded by animal protein sources. Cardiometabolic markers at 8y were systolic blood pressure (SBP), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglycerides, and BMI z-score. To examine whether the association of diet with the outcomes was the result of a direct effect of diet at either two or 8y, or synergy between them, we used structural equation models.
Results: the associations between the p…
matched on Diet (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), dietary pattern (text), Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena (mesh), Diet, Healthy (mesh), nutrition (text)
Evaluation of the efficacy of local application of bee products in the care of diaper dermatitis in infants: A randomized controlled trial.
Background and purpose: This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of a barrier cream containing propolis, beeswax, queen bee larvae, and vegetable oil (barrier cream 1) with those of zinc oxide (barrier cream 2) and olive oil on the healing of mild diaper dermatitis (DD).
Methods: A single-blind, parallel-group, pretest-posttest, repeated-measures randomized controlled trial was conducted. The study included infants aged 1-6 months diagnosed with mild DD, who were recruited from three family health centers and a pediatric outpatient clinic in a public hospital in a district of the Mediterranean Region of Türkiye. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, chi-square, Bonferroni correction, and generalized estimating equations with multiple logistic regression.
Results: The mean DD severity score on days 1, 2, and 3 was lower in the barrier …
matched on Olive Oil (mesh), Olive Oil (keyword)
Lin CX, Lu YY (2023)randomised controlled trialMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usBreastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine2 citations Comparative Effectiveness of Olive Oil and Breast Milk on Nipple Soreness in Breastfeeding Mothers.
Background: Breastfeeding has health benefits for both mothers and children. Nipple problems may result in the child being weaned prematurely before the recommended 6 months minimum period of exclusive breastfeeding. Purposes of the Study: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of topically applying olive oil and breast milk in treating nipple pain and soreness in breastfeeding mothers during the early postpartum period. Methods: A quasi-randomized controlled trial was conducted in a maternity ward of a medical center in northern Taiwan. Eighty breastfeeding mothers were recruited, and randomly assigned to the olive oil or breast milk group. Visual analogue pain scale (intensity of nipple pain) and nipple soreness scores were collected at 24, 48, and 72 hours after delivery. Differences in postintervention outcomes between groups were examined using the Generalized Estimating Equat…
matched on Olive Oil (mesh), Olive Oil (keyword)
Tryfonos C, Pavlidou E, Vorvolakos T, Alexatou O, Vadikolias K, Mentzelou M, Tsourouflis G, Serdari A, Antasouras G, Papadopoulou SK, Aggelakou EP, Giaginis C (2024)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology14 citations Association of Higher Mediterranean Diet Adherence With Lower Prevalence of Disability and Symptom Severity, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Sleep Quality, Cognitive Impairment, and Physical Inactivity in Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis.
A good nutritional status and healthy diets may decelerate disease disability and symptom severity and quality of life of peoples with multiple sclerosis (MS). Mediterranean diet (MD) can prevent several chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative disease. This is an observational, cross-sectional study on 279 older adults with MS, aiming to investigate the effects of MD against several aspects of mental health. Qualified questionnaires were used to assess disability and symptom severity, depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, cognitive status, physical activity, and MD adherence. Multivariate analysis showed that enhanced MD adherence was independently associated with lower prevalence of disability and symptom severity (P = .0019), depression (P = .0201), anxiety (P = .0287), perceived stress (P = .0021), inadequate sleep quality (P = .0033), cognitive impairment (P = .0018) and …
matched on Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), nutrition (text)
DASH and Mediterranean-Dash Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diets Are Associated With Fewer Depressive Symptoms Over Time.
Background: Depression is common in older adults and more prevalent in those with cognitive impairment, vascular risk factors, or stroke. Nonpharmacologic strategies to reduce depression, such as diet, may be effective; however, few studies have investigated the relation.
Methods: A total of 709 participants (23.3% men, mean age 80.4), from an observational prospective cohort study were assessed annually for an average of 6.53 years of follow-up. Participants with missing or invalid baseline dietary evaluations or fewer than two depression assessments were excluded. Depressive symptoms were assessed with a 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. High burden of depressive symptoms was defined as the presence of four or more depressive symptoms. Diet scores were computed using a validated food frequency questionnaire for the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hype…
matched on Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), nutrition (text)
Does the MIND diet decrease depression risk? A comparison with Mediterranean diet in the SUN cohort.
Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the association of the Mediterranean-DASH diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet and the Mediterranean diet (and their components), and depression risk.
Methods: We followed-up (median 10.4 years) 15,980 adults initially free of depression at baseline or in the first 2 years of follow-up. Food consumption was measured at baseline through a validated food-frequency questionnaire, and was used to compute adherence to the MIND and the Mediterranean diets. Relationships between these two diets and incident depression were assessed through Cox regression models.
Results: We identified 666 cases of incident depression. Comparing the highest versus the lowest quartiles of adherence, we found no association of the MIND diet and incident depression. This relation was statistically significant for the Mediterranean diet {hazard ratio (HR) 0.75,…
matched on Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), nutrition (text)
Prospective association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of depressive symptoms in the French SU.VI.MAX cohort.
Purpose: This study examines whether adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) measured by several dietary indexes was associated with incident depressive symptoms in a large French cohort.
Methods: The study sample consisted of 3523 participants from the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort who had at least three dietary records at baseline during the first 2 years of follow-up (1994-1996), free of depression at the beginning of the study (1996-1997) and available Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) data at the end of follow-up (2007-2009). The rMED was computed. Incident depressive symptoms were defined by a CES-D score ≥17 for men and ≥23 for women in 2007-2009. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. Several sensitivity analyses were performed.
Result…
matched on Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), nutrition (text)
Comparison of Intermittent Fasting Versus Caloric Restriction in Obese Subjects: A Two Year Follow-Up.
Objective: Caloric restriction (CR) is proven to be effective in increasing life span and it is well known that, nutritional habits, sleeping pattern and meal frequency have profound effects on human health. In Ramadan some Muslims fast during the day-light hours for a month, providing us a unique model of intermittent fasting (IF) in humans. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of IF versus CR on the same non-diabetic obese subjects who were followed for two years according to the growth hormone (GH)/Insulin like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis and insulin resistance.
Design: Single-arm Interventional Human Study.
Participants: 23 female subjects (Body Mass Index (BMI) 29-39, aged between 28-42years).
Setting: Follow-up is designed as 12 months of CR, after which there was a month of IF and 11 months of CR again, to be totally 24 months. Subjects' daily diets were aligned a…
matched on Diet (mesh), nutrition (text)
Lower Prevalence of Celiac Disease and Gluten-Related Disorders in Persons Living in Southern vs Northern Latitudes of the United States.
Background & aims: The association between prevalence of celiac disease and geographic region is incompletely understood, but the occurrence of several autoimmune disorders has been found to vary along a North-South gradient. We examined geographic, demographic, and clinical factors associated with prevalence of celiac disease and gluten-free diet in the United States.
Methods: In a population-based study, we analyzed data on gluten-related conditions from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, from 2009 through 2014, on 22,277 participants 6 years and older. We identified persons with celiac disease based on results of serum tests for IgA against tissue transglutaminase and endomysium or on both a health care provider diagnosis and adherence to a gluten-free diet. Gluten avoidance without celiac disease was defined as adherence to a gluten-free diet without a diagnosis of…
matched on Nutritional Status (mesh), nutrition (text)
Psoas Muscle Cross-sectional Area as a Measure of Whole-body Lean Muscle Mass in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.
Objective: We investigate whether psoas or paraspinous muscle area measured on a single L4-L5 image is a useful measure of whole lean body mass (LBM) compared to dedicated midthigh magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Design: Observational study.
Setting: Outpatient dialysis units and a research clinic.
Subjects: One hundred five adult participants on maintenance hemodialysis. No control group was used.
Intervention: Psoas muscle area, paraspinous muscle area, and midthigh muscle area (MTMA) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging.
Main outcome measure: LBM was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry scan.
Results: In separate multivariable linear regression models, psoas, paraspinous, and MTMA were associated with increase in LBM. In separate multivariate logistic regression models, C statistics for diagnosis of sarcopenia (defined as <25th percentile of LBM) were 0.69 for paraspinous m…
matched on Diet (mesh), nutrition (text)
Dietary total antioxidant capacity is associated with leukocyte telomere length in a children and adolescent population.
Background & aims: Oxidative stress and inflammation seem to be potential underlying mechanisms for telomere attrition. A lack of specific antioxidants is believed to increase free radical damage and a greater risk for telomere shortening. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between diet and leukocyte telomere length in a cross-sectional study of children and adolescents. We hypothesized that dietary total antioxidant capacity would be positively associated with telomere length.
Methods: Telomere length was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 287 participants (55% males, 6-18 years), who were randomly selected from the GENOI study.
Results: A positive correlation between dietary total antioxidant capacity and telomere length (r = 0.157, p = 0.007) was found after adjustment for age and energy intake. However, higher white bread consumption was associated …
matched on Diet (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), Dietary Carbohydrates (mesh), Dietary Fats (mesh), Energy Intake (mesh), nutrition (text)
Prevalence of and factors associated with sarcopenia in elderly patients with end-stage renal disease.
Background & aims: We investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and its relationship with various markers of nutrition, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, inflammation and β2-microglobulin.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 95 patients having ESRD aged over 50 years. Sarcopenia was defined as a decline in both muscle mass and strength.
Results: The mean age was 63.9 ± 10.0 years; 56.8% were men and 52.6% had diabetes. Sarcopenia was highly prevalent in elderly patients with ESRD (37.0% in men and 29.3% in women). Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), inflammatory markers and β2-microglobulin levels were significantly associated with sarcopenia, even after adjustment for age, gender, diabetes, and body mass index. Additionally, patients with depressive symptoms showed a higher risk of sarcopenia relative to thos…
matched on Nutritional Status (mesh), nutrition (text)
Nurk E, Refsum H, Bjelland I, Drevon CA, Tell GS, Ueland PM, Vollset SE, Engedal K, Nygaard HA, Smith DA (2013)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe British journal of nutrition51 citations Plasma free choline, betaine and cognitive performance: the Hordaland Health Study.
Choline and betaine are nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism. Choline is essential for neurodevelopment and brain function. We studied the associations between cognitive function and plasma concentrations of free choline and betaine. In a cross-sectional study, 2195 subjects (55 % women), aged 70-74 years, underwent extensive cognitive testing including the Kendrick Object Learning Test (KOLT), Trail Making Test (part A, TMT-A), modified versions of the Digit Symbol Test (m-DST), Block Design (m-BD), Mini-Mental State Examination (m-MMSE) and Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Compared with low concentrations, high choline (>8·4 μmol/l) was associated with better test scores in the TMT-A (56·0 v. 61·5, P=0·004), m-DST (10·5 v. 9·8, P=0·005) and m-MMSE (11·5 v. 11·4, P=0·01). A generalised additive regression model showed a positive dose-response relationship between th…
matched on Diet (mesh), nutrition (text)
Sociodemographic, lifestyle, mental health and dietary factors associated with direction of misreporting of energy intake.
Objective: To estimate the extent of under- and over-reporting, to examine associations with misreporting and sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and mental health status and to identify differential reporting in micro- and macronutrient intake and quality of diet.
Design: A health and lifestyle questionnaire and a semi-quantitative FFQ were completed as part of the 2007 Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition. Energy intake (EI) and intake of micro- and macronutrients were determined by applying locally adapted conversion software. A dietary score was constructed to identify healthier diets. Accuracy of reported EI was estimated using the Goldberg method. ANOVA, χ2 tests and logistic regression were used to examine associations.
Setting: Residential households in Ireland.
Subjects: A nationally representative sample of 7521 adults aged 18 years or older.
Results: Overall…
matched on Diet (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), Dietary Carbohydrates (mesh), Dietary Fats (mesh), Energy Intake (mesh), nutrition (text)
Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D inadequacy amongst Lebanese osteoporotic women.
In Middle-Eastern countries, more particularly in Lebanon, the incidence of vitamin D deficiency has been found to be surprisingly high in schoolchildren and young individuals. However, the prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D inadequacy amongst Lebanese osteoporotic women seeking medical health care has never been studied. We analysed vitamin D-inadequacy risk factors among the 251 Lebanese postmenopausal osteoporotic women (from both Muslim and Christian communities) who participated in a vitamin D international epidemiological study. Vitamin D inadequacy prevalence (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) , 30 ng/ml) was 84.9%. 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with BMI (r 20.41; P<0.001) and positively correlated with educational level (r 0.37; P<0.001) and self-reported general health (r 0.17; P<0.01). No significant correlation was found with age and no seasonal variation was observed. …
matched on Diet (mesh), nutrition (text)
Development of a diet index for older adults and its relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Elderly Dietary Index.
Objective: To develop an index that assesses the degree of adherence to nutritional recommendations for older adults (Elderly Dietary Index [EDI]) and investigate its association with risk factors related to cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods: The EDI was constructed using 10 components (ie, questions about the consumption frequency of meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, olive oil, and alcohol as well as the type of bread and dairy products) according to the Modified MyPyramid for Older Adults and select features of the traditional Mediterranean diet. Scores from 1 to 4 were assigned to all components of the index. The EDI total score had a range between 10 and 40. As a validation procedure, a sample of 668 elderly individuals without known CVD (the MEDIS Study) was used to evaluate the associations between the proposed index and various health outcomes.
Results: The over…
matched on Diet (mesh), nutrition (text)
Diet quality and depressive symptoms in adolescence: no cross-sectional or prospective associations following adjustment for covariates.
Objective: Adolescence is a critical period for development of depression and understanding of behavioural risk factors is needed to support appropriate preventive strategies. We examined associations between adolescent diet quality and depressive symptoms, cross-sectionally and prospectively, in a large community cohort, adjusting for behavioural and psychosocial covariates.
Design: Prospective community-based cohort study (ROOTS).
Setting: Secondary schools in Cambridgeshire and Suffolk, UK.
Subjects: Study participants (n 603) who completed 4 d diet diaries at age 14 years and reported depressive symptoms (Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ)) at 14 and 17 years of age.
Results: Diet data were processed to derive a Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and daily servings of fruit and vegetables, and fish. At age 14 years, a negative association between fruit and vegetable intake and MFQ sc…
matched on Diet (mesh), Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), nutrition (text), Vegetables (keyword)
A validation of technologies monitoring dairy cow feeding, ruminating, and lying behaviors.
The objective of this study was to evaluate commercially available precision dairy technologies against direct visual observations of feeding, rumination, and lying behaviors. Primiparous (n=24) and multiparous (n=24) lactating Holstein dairy cattle (mean ± standard deviation; 223.4±117.8 d in milk, producing 29.2±8.2kg of milk/d) were fitted with 6 different triaxial accelerometer technologies evaluating cow behaviors at or before freshening. The AfiAct Pedometer Plus (Afimilk, Kibbutz Afikim, Israel) was used to monitor lying time. The CowManager SensOor (Agis, Harmelen, Netherlands) monitored rumination and feeding time. The HOBO Data Logger (HOBO Pendant G Acceleration Data Logger, Onset Computer Corp., Pocasset, MA) monitored lying time. The CowAlert IceQube (IceRobotics Ltd., Edinburgh, Scotland) monitored lying time. The Smartbow (Smartbow GmbH, Jutogasse, Austria) monitored rumin…
matched on Feeding Behavior (mesh), Feeding Behavior (keyword)
Mediterranean Diet as an Antioxidant: The Impact on Metabolic Health and Overall Wellbeing.
It has been established, worldwide, that non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular events account for a high percentage of morbidity and mortality in contemporary societies. Several modifiable risk factors, such as sedentary activities, sleep deprivation, smoking, and unhealthy dietary habits have contributed to this increase. Healthy nutrition in terms of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), rich in fruits, legumes, vegetables, olive oil, herbs, spices, and high fiber intake may contribute to the decrease in this pandemic. The beneficial effects of the MD can be mainly attributed to its numerous components rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Moreover, the MD may further contribute to the improvement of reproductive health, modify the risk for neurodegenerative diseases, and protect against depression and psychosoci…
matched on Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), Diet, Healthy (mesh), nutrition (text), Olive Oil (keyword)