What is eaten and how it bears on mind and body.
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501 to 525 of 1,410Ornish D, Lin J, Chan JM, Epel E, Kemp C, Weidner G, Marlin R, Frenda SJ, Magbanua MJM, Daubenmier J, Estay I, Hills NK, Chainani-Wu N, Carroll PR, Blackburn EH (2013)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe Lancet. Oncology252 citations Effect of comprehensive lifestyle changes on telomerase activity and telomere length in men with biopsy-proven low-risk prostate cancer: 5-year follow-up of a descriptive pilot study.
Background: Telomere shortness in human beings is a prognostic marker of ageing, disease, and premature morbidity. We previously found an association between 3 months of comprehensive lifestyle changes and increased telomerase activity in human immune-system cells. We followed up participants to investigate long-term effects.
Methods: This follow-up study compared ten men and 25 external controls who had biopsy-proven low-risk prostate cancer and had chosen to undergo active surveillance. Eligible participants were enrolled between 2003 and 2007 from previous studies and selected according to the same criteria. Men in the intervention group followed a programme of comprehensive lifestyle changes (diet, activity, stress management, and social support), and the men in the control group underwent active surveillance alone. We took blood samples at 5 years and compared relative telomere leng…
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Recommendations for fasting in Ramadan for patients on peritoneal dialysis.
Introduction: The month of Ramadan holds great religious and social significance for Muslims all over the world. The aim of the present study was to provide a modified dialysis schedule for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients that allows for fasting and that minimizes the effect on the patient's general health and volume status.
Methods: We observed 31 patients under treatment at the PD unit of King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh. During the 3 - 4 weeks before the start of Ramadan, all patients were counseled individually and in detail about the possibility of fasting. They were also provided with clear instructions about fluid intake (up to 1 L daily) and avoiding a high-potassium diet. Of the 31 patients, 18 (10 women, 8 men) elected to fast during the month of Ramadan. The mean duration of fast in the study year (2009) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, was about 14 hour…
matched on Diet (mesh)
Trends in adolescent eating behaviour: a multilevel cross-sectional study of 11-15 year olds in Scotland, 2002-2010.
Background: Improving the diet of the Scottish population has been a government focus in recent years. Health promotion is known to be more effective in affluent groups. Alongside trends in eating behaviour, changes in socioeconomic inequalities must be monitored.
Methods: Eating behaviour data from the 2002, 2006 and 2010 Scotland Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey were modelled using multilevel linear modelling.
Results: Fruit and vegetable consumption increased between 2002 and 2010 by 0.26 and 0.27 days per week, respectively, while consumption of sweets, chips and crisps fell by 0.73, 1.25 and 0.99 days per week, respectively. An overall healthy eating score, calculated by summing food item weekly consumption, increased significantly (at 95% level of significance) over this period. Fruit and vegetable consumption was more frequent among children with high family affluen…
matched on Diet (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), Dietary Fats (mesh), Fruit (mesh), Vegetables (mesh)
Health behaviours, socioeconomic status, and mortality: further analyses of the British Whitehall II and the French GAZEL prospective cohorts.
Background: Differences in morbidity and mortality between socioeconomic groups constitute one of the most consistent findings of epidemiologic research. However, research on social inequalities in health has yet to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying this association. In recent analysis, we showed health behaviours, assessed longitudinally over the follow-up, to explain a major proportion of the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with mortality in the British Whitehall II study. However, whether health behaviours are equally important mediators of the SES-mortality association in different cultural settings remains unknown. In the present paper, we examine this issue in Whitehall II and another prospective European cohort, the French GAZEL study.
Methods and findings: We included 9,771 participants from the Whitehall II study and 17,760 from the GAZ…
matched on Diet (mesh)
Factors influencing receipt of iron supplementation by young children and their mothers in rural India: local and national cross-sectional studies.
Background: In India, 55% of women and 69.5% of preschool children are anaemic despite national policies recommending routine iron supplementation. Understanding factors associated with receipt of iron in the field could help optimise implementation of anaemia control policies. Thus, we undertook 1) a cross-sectional study to evaluate iron supplementation to children (and mothers) in rural Karnataka, India, and 2) an analysis of all-India rural data from the National Family Health Study 2005-6 (NFHS-3).
Methods: All children aged 12-23 months and their mothers served by 6 of 8 randomly selected sub-centres managed by 2 rural Primary Health Centres of rural Karnataka were eligible for the Karnataka Study, conducted between August and October 2008. Socioeconomic and demographic data, access to health services and iron receipt were recorded. Secondly, NFHS-3 rural data were analysed. For bo…
matched on Nutritional Status (mesh)
Improving diet for psychiatric patients : High potential benefits and evidence for safety.
Background: Psychonutrition, i.e. the impact of diet on mental health, is an emerging field of psychiatry.
Objective: The purpose of the present letter was to highlight recent findings in the field to guide nutritional interventions in psychiatry.
Method: An overview of the most recent meta-analyses in the field of psychonutrition in severe mental disorders has been carried out.
Results: The Mediterranean diet showed the best evidence for effectiveness in diminishing the incidence of depressive symptomatology Complementary agents were found to be associated with lower depression levels (even in psychiatric populations): omegas 3 fatty acids, vitamin D, methylfolate and S-adenosylmethionine, all being found in high rates in the Mediterranean diet. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) has also been found to be associated with lower depression. Moreover, major depression has been associated with …
matched on Diet (mesh), Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), Diet, Healthy (mesh), nutrition (text)
Owen L, Corfe B (2017)editorial or commentMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe Proceedings of the Nutrition Society132 citations The role of diet and nutrition on mental health and wellbeing.
Mental, neurological and substance-use disorders presently represent the greatest global burden of disease. Likewise, depression and other psychopathologies are elevated risk comorbidities of other health hazards, such as obesity. Nutrition has been implicated in behaviour, mood and in the pathology and treatment of mental illness. In this brief editorial, we aim to set the scale of the problem in context and overview advances and recent evidence linking nutrition to psychological outcomes. The purpose of the 2016 Nutrition Society Winter Meeting, 'Diet, nutrition and mental health and wellbeing' was to review where the evidence is strong, where there are unmet needs for research and to draw together the communities working in this area to share their findings. The papers presented demonstrated clear advancements that are being made in this field. The meeting illustrated compelling suppo…
matched on Diet (mesh), Nutritional Status (mesh), Diet, Healthy (mesh), nutrition (text)
Healthy Effects of Plant Polyphenols: Molecular Mechanisms.
The increasing extension in life expectancy of human beings in developed countries is accompanied by a progressively greater rate of degenerative diseases associated with lifestyle and aging, most of which are still waiting for effective, not merely symptomatic, therapies. Accordingly, at present, the recommendations aimed at reducing the prevalence of these conditions in the population are limited to a safer lifestyle including physical/mental exercise, a reduced caloric intake, and a proper diet in a convivial environment. The claimed health benefits of the Mediterranean and Asian diets have been confirmed in many clinical trials and epidemiological surveys. These diets are characterized by several features, including low meat consumption, the intake of oils instead of fats as lipid sources, moderate amounts of red wine, and significant amounts of fresh fruit and vegetables. In particu…
matched on Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), Olive Oil (mesh), Olive Oil (keyword)
Konishi K (2021)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usPublic health nutrition17 citations Associations between healthy Japanese dietary patterns and depression in Japanese women.
Objective: Higher quality dietary patterns such as healthy/prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns have been protectively associated with depression. This study examined whether healthy Japanese dietary patterns, which differ from dietary patterns derived from Western areas, are associated with depressive symptoms among Japanese women.
Design: A cross-sectional study (the Nagano Nutrition and Health Study). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Dietary patterns were derived with a principal component analysis of the consumption of fifty-six food and beverage items, which were assessed by a validated brief diet history questionnaire.
Setting: Nagano, Japan.
Participants: Japanese women (n 1337) aged 20-72 years.
Results: We identified three dietary patterns: 'healthy Japanese', 'sweets-fat' and 'seafood-alcohol'. The highest qual…
matched on Diet (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), dietary pattern (text), Vegetables (mesh), nutrition (text)
Associations of diet quality with health-related quality of life in older Australian men and women.
This study investigated associations between diet quality measures and quality of life two years later. Adults 55-65 years participating in the Wellbeing, Eating and Exercise for a Long Life (WELL) study in Victoria, Australia (n = 1150 men and n = 1307 women) completed a postal survey including a 111-item food frequency questionnaire in 2010. Diet quality in 2010 was assessed via the dietary guideline index (DGI), recommended food score (RFS) and Mediterranean diet score (MDS). The RAND 36-item survey assessed health-related quality of life in 2012. Associations were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for covariates. In men, DGI and RFS were associated with better reported energy (OR = 1.79, CI: 1.25, 2.55 and OR = 1.56, CI: 1.11, 2.19 respectively), and DGI was additionally associated with better general health (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.20), and overall mental component summ…
matched on Diet (mesh), Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), Nutritional Status (mesh)
Low energy density diets are associated with favorable nutrient intake profile and adequacy in free-living elderly men and women.
Nutrient adequacy in the diet is of paramount importance to physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to characterize the dietary pattern associated with a low energy density diet and determine its nutrient adequacy in elderly men and women. The subjects were men (n = 1150) and women (n = 1094) >65 y, examined in 2 population-based cross-sectional surveys (2000 and 2005) in northeast Spain (Girona). Dietary data were recorded using a 165-item FFQ. Reduced rank regression (RRR) analysis was used to identify an energy density-associated dietary pattern. A nutrient adequacy score (NAS) and Mediterranean diet score (MDS) were computed to estimate the association of diet adequacy with energy density. The RRR-derived factor (dietary pattern) predicted 75.4% of the variance in energy density of the diet. Vegetables, fruits, legumes, cooked potatoes, and low-fat milk and yogurt were …
matched on Diet (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), dietary pattern (text), Energy Intake (mesh), nutrition (text)
The Association of Emotional Eating with Overweight/Obesity, Depression, Anxiety/Stress, and Dietary Patterns: A Review of the Current Clinical Evidence.
(1) Background: Emotional eating is considered as the propensity to eat in response to emotions. It is considered as a critical risk factor for recurrent weight gain. Such overeating is able to affect general health due to excess energy intake and mental health. So far, there is still considerable controversy on the effect of the emotional eating concept. The objective of this study is to summarize and evaluate the interconnections among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns; (2) Methods: This is a thorough review of the reported associations among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns. We compressively searched the most precise scientific online databases, e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar to obtain the most up-to-date data from clinical studies in humans from th…
matched on Feeding Behavior (mesh), dietary pattern (text), nutrition (text)
Associations of parental feeding styles with child snacking behaviour and weight in the context of general parenting.
Objective: To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal (one-year follow-up) associations of parental feeding styles with child snacking behaviour and weight in the context of general parenting, taking into account the multidimensionality of the controlling feeding style.
Design: Linear regression analyses were performed. Parents completed a questionnaire to measure five feeding style dimensions (Instrumental Feeding, Emotional Feeding, Encouragement, Overt Control and Covert Control) and children's fruit, energy-dense snack and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intakes. Children's height and weight were measured to calculate their BMI Z-scores. Moderation by parenting style was tested by adding interaction terms to the regression analyses.
Setting: Observational study in the Netherlands.
Subjects: Parent-child dyads (n 1275) participating in the INPACT (IVO Nutrition and Physical Activity C…
matched on Diet (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), Energy Intake (mesh), Fruit (mesh), nutrition (text)
Muth AK, Park SQ (2021)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usClinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)125 citations The impact of dietary macronutrient intake on cognitive function and the brain.
Macronutrients - carbohydrates, fats, and proteins - supply the nutrients required for optimal functioning. Inadequate intake compromises both physical and brain health. We synthesized research on macronutrients from whole meals on cognitive function in healthy adults and identified underlying mechanisms. Intake of simple carbohydrates ('sugars') is consistently associated with decreased global cognition whereas consumption of complex carbohydrates correlates with successful brain aging and improved memory both in the short- and long-term. Saturated fatty acid intake correlates with decreased memory and learning scores whereas omega-3 intake correlates positively with memory scores. Protein intake boosts executive function and working memory when task-demands are high. Individual differences affecting the macronutrient-cognition relationship are age, physical activity, and glucose metabo…
matched on Diet, Healthy (mesh), Dietary Carbohydrates (mesh), Dietary Fats (mesh), nutrition (text)
Unravelling the health effects of fasting: a long road from obesity treatment to healthy life span increase and improved cognition.
In recent years a revival of interest has emerged in the health benefits of intermittent fasting and long-term fasting, as well as of other related nutritional strategies. In addition to meal size and composition a new focus on time and frequency of meals has gained attention. The present review will investigate the effects of the main forms of fasting, activating the metabolic switch from glucose to fat and ketones (G-to-K), starting 12-16 h after cessation or strong reduction of food intake. During fasting the deactivation of mTOR regulated nutrient signalling pathways and activation of the AMP protein kinase trigger cell repair and inhibit anabolic processes. Clinical and animal studies have clearly indicated that modulating diet and meal frequency, as well as application of fasting patterns, e.g. intermittent fasting, periodic fasting, or long-term fasting are part of a new lifestyle…
matched on Feeding Behavior (mesh), Energy Intake (mesh), nutrition (text)
Associations Between Cool and Hot Executive Functions and Children's Eating Behavior.
Purpose of review: Studies on obesogenic eating behaviors in young children have mainly focused on the roles of family environment and parental behaviors. However, intrapersonal characteristics, particularly executive functions, have recently gained more attention in the literature. Therefore, herein we review work on children's executive functions (EFs), particularly the roles of cold and hot executive functions on children's obesogenic eating behaviors.
Recent findings: Most work examining the associations between EF and obesogenic eating among children has focused on the cool EF, particularly inhibitory control/impulsivity. Findings have consistently showed that deficits in inhibitory control/impulsivity are associated with overeating and food responsiveness. The roles of the other two cool EFs (attention control/shifting and working memory) and hot EF (delay of gratification and affe…
matched on Feeding Behavior (mesh), Energy Intake (mesh), nutrition (text)
Predictors of healthy ageing: public health policy targets.
Background: The public health policy agenda oriented towards healthy ageing becomes the highest priority for the European countries. The article discusses the healthy ageing concept and its possible determinants with an aim to identify behavioral patterns related to healthy ageing in selected European countries.
Methods: The healthy ageing is assessed based on a composite indicator of self-assessed health, functional capabilities and life meaningfulness. The logistic regression models are used to assess the impact of the healthy lifestyle index, psycho-social index and socio-economic status on the probability of healthy ageing (i.e. being healthy at older age). The lifestyle and psychosocial indexes are created as a sum of behaviors that might be important for healthy ageing. Models are analyzed for three age groups of older people: 60-67, 68-79 and 80+ as well as for three groups of cou…
matched on Diet, Healthy (mesh), Fruit (mesh), Vegetables (mesh), nutrition (text)
The impact of religious fasting on human health.
The past two decades have seen a rise in the number of investigations examining the health-related effects of religiously motivated fasts. Islamic Ramadan is a 28 - 30 day fast in which food and drink are prohibited during the daylight hours. The majority of health-specific findings related to Ramadan fasting are mixed. The likely causes for these heterogeneous findings are the differences between studies in the following: 1) the amount of daily fasting time; 2) the percentage of subjects who smoke, take oral medications, and/or receive intravenous fluids; and 3) the subjects' typical food choices and eating habits. Greek Orthodox Christians fast for a total of 180 - 200 days each year, and their main fasting periods are the Nativity Fast (40 days prior to Christmas), Lent (48 days prior to Easter), and the Assumption (15 days in August). The fasting periods are more similar than dissimi…
matched on Feeding Behavior (mesh), Energy Intake (mesh), nutrition (text)
The impact of COVID-19 epidemic on eating disorders: A longitudinal observation of pre versus post psychopathological features in a sample of patients with eating disorders and a group of healthy controls.
Objective: the aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 epidemic on Eating Disorders (EDs) patients, considering the role of pre-existing vulnerabilities.
Method: 74 patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) or Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and 97 healthy controls (HCs) were evaluated before lockdown (T1) and during lockdown (T2). Patients were also evaluated at the beginning of treatment (T0). Questionnaires were collected to assess psychopathology, childhood trauma, attachment style, and COVID-19-related post-traumatic symptoms.
Results: A different trend between patients and HCs was observed only for pathological eating behaviors. Patients experienced increased compensatory exercise during lockdown; BN patients also exacerbated binge eating. Lockdown interfered with treatment outcomes: the descending trend of ED-specific psychopathology was interrupted during the epidemi…
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Damiani G, Mahroum N, Pigatto PDM, Pacifico A, Malagoli P, Tiodorovic D, Conic RR, Amital H, Bragazzi NL, Watad A, Adawi M (2019)cohort or longitudinalMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usNutrients34 citations The Safety and Impact of a Model of Intermittent, Time-Restricted Circadian Fasting ("Ramadan Fasting") on Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Insights from a Multicenter, Observational, Cross-Over, Pilot, Exploratory Study.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic-relapsing and debilitating disease, which affects the components of the folliculopilosebaceous unit and severely impacts on the perceived health-related quality of life. Among the possible treatments, dietary interventions, such as fasting, have been described to positively impact on HS. However, nothing is known about the effects of circadian, intermittent fasting, such as the Ramadan fasting. A sample of 55 HS patients (24 males (43.6%) and 31 females (56.4%), mean age 39.65 ± 8.39 years, average disease duration 14.31 ± 7.03 years) was recruited in the present study. The "Severity of International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System" (IHS4) decreased significantly from 11.00 ± 5.88 (before Ramadan) to 10.15 ± 6.45 (after Ramadan), with a mean difference of -0.85 ± 0.83 (p < 0.0001). At the univariate analyses, the improvement was a…
matched on Feeding Behavior (mesh)
The Intestinal Microbiota in Acute Anorexia Nervosa and During Renourishment: Relationship to Depression, Anxiety, and Eating Disorder Psychopathology.
Objective: The relevance of the microbe-gut-brain axis to psychopathology is of interest in anorexia nervosa (AN), as the intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in metabolic function and weight regulation.
Methods: We characterized the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in AN, using stool samples collected at inpatient admission (T1; n = 16) and discharge (T2; n = 10). At T1, participants completed the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire. Patients with AN were compared with healthy individuals who participated in a previous study (healthy comparison group; HCG). Genomic DNA was isolated from stool samples, and bacterial composition was characterized by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequencing results were processed by the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology pipeline. We compared T1 versus T…
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Effect of short message service on infant feeding practice: findings from a community-based study in Shanghai, China.
Importance: Appropriate infant feeding practices have the potential for long-term health effects. However, research findings on improving early infant feeding practices are limited. The wide use of mobile phone short message service (SMS) provides new opportunities for health promotion and services.
Objective: To assess the effect of an SMS intervention on infant feeding practices.
Design and setting: Quasiexperimental design with follow-up measures scheduled at 4, 6, and 12 months at 4 community health centers in Shanghai, China. Two community health centers represented the intervention group, and 2 other community health centers represented the control group.
Participants: In total, 582 expectant mothers were recruited during the first trimester. Expectant mothers were eligible to participate if they owned a mobile phone, were first-time mothers, conceived a singleton fetus, were older…
matched on Feeding Behavior (mesh)
In-hospital formula use increases early breastfeeding cessation among first-time mothers intending to exclusively breastfeed.
Objective: To evaluate in-hospital formula supplementation among first-time mothers who intended to exclusively breastfeed and determined if in-hospital formula supplementation shortens breastfeeding duration after adjusting for breastfeeding intention.
Study design: We assessed strength of breastfeeding intentions prenatally in a diverse cohort of expectant primiparae and followed infant feeding practices through day 60. Among mothers planning to exclusively breastfeed their healthy term infants for ≥1 week, we determined predictors, reasons, and characteristics of in-hospital formula supplementation, and calculated the intention-adjusted relative risk (ARR) of not fully breastfeeding days 30-60 and breastfeeding cessation by day 60 with in-hospital formula supplementation (n = 393).
Results: Two hundred ten (53%) infants were exclusively breastfed during the maternity stay and 183 (47%…
matched on Feeding Behavior (mesh)
Viral over-expression of D1 dopamine receptors in the prefrontal cortex increase high-risk behaviors in adults: comparison with adolescents.
Rationale: Adolescents are often described as "lacking brakes" resulting in an increase in several behaviors associated with risk for addiction. Prefrontal cortex dopamine and cortico-limbic interaction play an important role in addiction, and we have previously shown that the dopamine D1 receptor is elevated on prelimbic prefrontal output neurons in adolescent rats. We hypothesized that a constellation of risk-related behaviors is mediated by prefrontal output neuron expression of D1.
Objectives: We aimed to determine the role of the dopamine D1 receptor in behavioral and neural correlates of risk for addiction that are often observed in adolescents. Therefore, high-risk behaviors as well as subcortical D2 receptor expression were investigated in adult animals with experimentally elevated D1 on prefrontal glutamatergic neurons.
Methods: A lentiviral vector that selectively expressed the…
matched on Feeding Behavior (mesh)
Exploring avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in eating disordered patients: a descriptive study.
Objective: To assess and compare clinical characteristics of patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) to those with anorexia nervosa (AN).
Method: A retrospective review of adolescent eating disorder (ED) patients assessed between 2000 and 2011 that qualified for a diagnosis of ARFID was completed. A matched AN sample was used to compare characteristics between groups.
Results: Two hundred and five patients met inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail. Of these, 34 (5%) patients met criteria for ARFID. A matched sample of 36 patients with AN was used to draw comparisons. Patients with ARFID were younger than those with AN, more likely to present before age 12, and more likely to be male. Patients in both groups presented at low weights. Common eating-specific behaviors and symptoms in the ARFID group included food avoidance, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, …
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