What is eaten and how it bears on mind and body.
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726 to 750 of 1,410Cakmak I (2009)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)67 citations Enrichment of fertilizers with zinc: An excellent investment for humanity and crop production in India.
Micronutrient malnutrition is a growing concern in the developing world, resulting in diverse health and social problems, such as mental retardations, impairments of the immune system and overall poor health. In recent years, the zinc (Zn) deficiency problem has received increasing attention and appears to be the most serious micronutrient deficiency together with vitamin A deficiency. Zinc deficiency is particularly widespread among children and represents a major cause of child death in the world. In countries where Zn deficiency is well documented as an important public health problem, cereal-based foods are the predominant source of daily calorie and protein intake. Because the concentration of Zn in cereal crops is inherently very low, growing cereals on potentially Zn-deficient soils further decreases grain Zn concentrations. It is, therefore, not surprising that high Zn deficiency…
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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis in the regulation of energy balance.
Human (visceral) obesity is associated with alterations hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. It is however not completely clear whether the HPA axis is causally or co-incidentally related to (visceral) obesity. This review summarizes supporting data of an involvement of the HPA axis in the development of (visceral) obesity. First, several DNA polymorphisms related to HPA axis functioning are correlated to the development of obesity. Second, chronic elevation of circulatory glucocorticoid concentrations, as in Cushing's disease, results in increased abdominal adiposity. Third, (visceral) obesity is associated with a diminished capacity of cortisol to suppress its own secretion. HPA axis functioning might affect energy balance through affecting energy intake. Both CRH and cortisol influence physiological, central mechanisms involved in the regulation of food intake. Still…
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Promoting health and physical function among cancer survivors: potential for prevention and questions that remain.
Cancer survivors are at increased risk, not only for progressive and recurrent disease, but also other cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and functional decline. Lifestyle interventions to improve dietary and physical activity behaviors, and smoking cessation, have the potential to improve the overall health and quality of life of this vulnerable population. Studies on overall health and physical function from 1966 and beyond regarding the impact of behavioral interventions that used randomized and controlled designs were identified through MEDLINE and PubMed searches. Published reports currently exist for 22 exercise interventions, 11 diet-related interventions (excluding those limited to dietary supplements or single nutrients), two diet and exercise interventions, and 10 behavioral-based smoking cessation interventions. Although many interventions have been succe…
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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and depression: a review of the evidence and a methodological critique.
Several lines of evidence indicate an association between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and depression. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the evidence to date within the context of the study design and methodology used. In case-control and cohort studies, concentrations of omega-3 PUFAs were lower in participants with unipolar and postpartum depression. Fish are the major dietary source of omega-3 PUFAs, and infrequent fish consumption is associated with depression in epidemiological studies. While these findings do not appear to be the result of confounding, in some studies failure to detect confounding may be due to a lack of power or incomplete control. In four of seven double-blind randomized controlled trials, depression was significantly improved upon treatment with at least 1 g/day of eicosapentaenoic acid, an omega-3 PUFA. While clinical significance was de…
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Health Outcomes Related to the Consumption of Olive Products: A Brief Review.
Olive oil, as well as by-products and waste that are left after production, particularly olive pomace and olive leaf, have been extensively researched as sources of phenolic compounds. These compounds are known for their biological properties and have been associated with the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. Metabolomics has been used as a methodological tool to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties. The present review explores the health outcomes and changes in endogenous metabolite profiles induced by olive derivatives. A literature search was conducted using the scientific databases Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed, and the selected articles were published between the years 2012 and 2023. The reviewed studies have reported several health benefits of olive derivatives and their phenolic components, including appetite regulation, fewer cardiovas…
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Fock KM, Khoo J (2013)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of gastroenterology and hepatology180 citations Diet and exercise in management of obesity and overweight.
According to World Health Organization, in 2010 there were over 1 billion overweight adults worldwide with 400 million adults who were obese. Obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, and cancers (prostate, colorectal, endometrial, and breast). Obese people may present to the gastroenterologists with gastroesophageal reflux, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and gallstones. It is important, therefore, to recognize and treat obesity. The main cause of obesity is an imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended, although in a small number of cases, genetics and diseases such as hypothyroidism, Cushing's disease, depression, and use of medications such as antidepressants and anticonvulsants are responsible for fat accumulation in the body. The main treatment for obesity is dieting, augmented by physical exer…
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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Depressive Symptoms in a Mediterranean Cohort.
Excess consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is currently under investigation for its potentially detrimental impact on human health. Current evidence demonstrates a substantial association with an increased risk of metabolic disorders, but data on mental health outcomes are just emerging. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the consumption of UPFs and depressive symptoms in a sample of younger Italian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 596 individuals (age 18-35 y) recruited in southern Italy. Food frequency questionnaires and the NOVA classification were used to assess dietary factors; the Center for the Epidemiological Studies of Depression Short Form (CES-D-10) was used to assess presence of depressive symptoms. Individuals in the highest quartile of UPF consumption had higher odds of having depressive symptoms in the energy-adjusted …
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Lee BY, Ordovás JM, Parks EJ, Anderson CAM, Barabási AL, Clinton SK, de la Haye K, Duffy VB, Franks PW, Ginexi EM, Hammond KJ, Hanlon EC, Hittle M, Ho E, Horn AL, Isaacson RS, Mabry PL, Malone S, Martin CK, Mattei J, Meydani SN, Nelson LM, Neuhouser ML, Parent B, Pronk NP, Roche HM, Saria S, Scheer FAJL, Segal E, Sevick MA, Spector TD, Van Horn L, Varady KA, Voruganti VS, Martinez MF (2022)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usThe American journal of clinical nutrition73 citations Research gaps and opportunities in precision nutrition: an NIH workshop report.
Precision nutrition is an emerging concept that aims to develop nutrition recommendations tailored to different people's circumstances and biological characteristics. Responses to dietary change and the resulting health outcomes from consuming different diets may vary significantly between people based on interactions between their genetic backgrounds, physiology, microbiome, underlying health status, behaviors, social influences, and environmental exposures. On 11-12 January 2021, the National Institutes of Health convened a workshop entitled "Precision Nutrition: Research Gaps and Opportunities" to bring together experts to discuss the issues involved in better understanding and addressing precision nutrition. The workshop proceeded in 3 parts: part I covered many aspects of genetics and physiology that mediate the links between nutrient intake and health conditions such as cardiovascu…
matched on Diet (mesh), Nutritional Status (mesh), nutrition (text)
Chouraqui JP, Turck D, Briend A, Darmaun D, Bocquet A, Feillet F, Frelut ML, Girardet JP, Guimber D, Hankard R, Lapillonne A, Peretti N, Roze JC, Siméoni U, Dupont C, Committee on Nutrition of the French Society of Pediatrics (2021)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usInternational journal of epidemiology41 citations Religious dietary rules and their potential nutritional and health consequences.
Background: The vast majority of the world population declares affiliation to a religion, predominantly Christianity and Islam. Many religions have special dietary rules, which may be more or less strictly adhered to.
Methods: Religious food rules were collected from holy books and religious websites as well as their translation into dietary practices. The literature was searched for potential associations between these rules and potential nutritional consequences.
Results: Jewish, Islamic and Indian religions support prolonged breastfeeding. Religious avoidance of alcohol is probably beneficial to health. When strictly applied, a few rules may lead to nutritional inadequacies, mainly in populations living in unfavourable socio-economic or environmental conditions. In Jewish and Muslim observants, animal slaughtering procedures may increase the risk of iron deficiency. Jews may be at ris…
matched on Diet (mesh), Nutritional Status (mesh), nutrition (text)
Nutrient intakes and the common mental disorders in women.
Background: There is an increasing recognition of the role of nutrition in depression and anxiety. Magnesium, folate and zinc have all been implicated in depressive illness, however there are few data on these nutrients in anxiety disorders and the data from population-studies are limited.
Aims: In a large, randomly-selected, population-based sample of women, this study aimed to examine the relationship between the dietary intakes of these three micronutrients and clinically determined depressive and anxiety disorders and symptoms.
Methods: Nutrient intakes were determined using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The General Health Questionnaire-12 measured psychological symptoms, and a clinical interview (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR, non-patient edition) assessed current depressive and anxiety disorders.
Results: After adjustments for energy intake, each standard …
matched on Diet (mesh), Nutritional Status (mesh), nutrition (text)
Nutritional predictors of cognitive impairment severity in demented elderly patients: the key role of BMI.
Introduction: The body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to assess nutritional status and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a validated tool for assessing cognitive status in elderly people. Nutritional and cognitive aspects are closely related in dementia.
Objectives: To establish whether BMI predicts cognitive decline in demented patients and whether an "alarm" BMI cut-off exists for declining MMSE scores.
Subjects and methods: 82 elderly demented patients underwent clinical, bio-chemical and functional assessment.
Design: Transversal study.
Results: The mean BMI was 26.08±4.48 kg/m² and the mean MMSE 18.68±5.38. Patients with BMI<25 kg/m² had significantly lower MMSE scores (16.5±5.53 vs 20.38±4.64; p 0.001), fat-free mass (FFM; 27.76±8.99 vs 37.38±10.58 kg; p<0.001), fat-free mass index (FFMI; 11.52±3.03 vs 14.67±2.89 kg/m²; p<0.001), and fat mass (FM; 24.90±6.89 vs 36.86±6…
matched on Diet (mesh), Nutritional Status (mesh), nutrition (text)
Oddo VM, Welke L, McLeod A, Pezley L, Xia Y, Maki P, Koenig MD, Kominiarek MA, Langenecker S, Tussing-Humphreys L (2022)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usNutrients35 citations Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Lower Depressive Symptoms among U.S. Adults.
Depression is a leading cause of disability, yet current prevention and treatment approaches have only had modest effects. It is important to better understand the role of dietary patterns on depressive symptoms, which may help prevent depression or complement current treatments. This study examined whether adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med Diet), determined by the Alternate Med Diet score (aMED), was associated with depressive symptoms in a representative sample of U.S. adults. The aMED score (range 0-9) was calculated from a 24-h diet recall with gender-specific quartiles (Q) estimated. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to define depressive symptoms, which was dichotomized as no to mild (0-9) versus moderate to severe symptoms (10-27). Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between quartiles of aMED and depressive symptoms when controlling fo…
matched on Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), dietary pattern (text)
Clustering eating habits: frequent consumption of different dietary patterns among the Italian general population in the association with obesity, physical activity, sociocultural characteristics and psychological factors.
Purpose: (a) To identify clusters of eating patterns among the Italian population aged 15-64 years, focusing on typical Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) items consumption; (b) to examine the distribution of eating habits, as identified clusters, among age classes and genders; (c) evaluate the impact of: belonging to a specific eating cluster, level of physical activity (PA), sociocultural and psychological factors, as elements determining weight abnormalities.
Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were collected using self-reporting questionnaires administered to a sample of 33,127 subjects participating in the Italian population survey on alcohol and other drugs (IPSAD(®)2011). The cluster analysis was performed on a subsample (n = 5278 subjects) which provided information on eating habits, and adapted to identify categories of eating patterns. Stepwise multinomial regression analys…
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[Socioeconomic pattern in unhealthy diet in children and adolescents in Spain].
Objective: To investigate the possible association of dietary patterns associated with obesity and socioeconomic status in Spanish children and adolescents.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Participants: Data were drawn from the 2007 National Health Survey, conducted on a representative sample of Spanish 0-15 years. In this study we have analyzed 6143 subjects from 5 to 15 years.
Main measurements: It has been estimated prevalence of breakfast skipping, the prevalence of low consumption of fruit and vegetable and the prevalence of high fast food, snacks and sugary drinks consumption. Socioeconomic status indicators were educational level and social class of primary household earner. In each type of food consumption socioeconomic differences were estimated by prevalence ratio using the higher socioeconomic status as reference category.
Results: Both in childhood and adolescence, the magnitu…
matched on Diet (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), dietary pattern (text)
The associations between personality, diet and body mass index in older people.
Objective: Personality traits are related to numerous health outcomes and health-related behaviors. To date, however, little is known about how personality traits are associated with dietary behavior, an important aspect of lifestyle in the current "toxic food environment." The present study investigated the associations of between Five-Factor Model personality traits, dietary patterns, and body mass index (BMI).
Methods: The sample consisted of 1,091 members of Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 tested at age 70 years. Dietary patterns were measured using a detailed and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Principal components analysis of the FFQ items identified four dietary dimensions, which were named 'Mediterranean style diet,' 'health aware diet,' 'convenience diet,' and 'sweet foods'. Personality traits were measured with NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The effects of childhood intelli…
matched on Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), dietary pattern (text)
The association between habitual diet quality and the common mental disorders in community-dwelling adults: the Hordaland Health study.
Objective: Recent evidence suggests a role for diet quality in the common mental disorders depression and anxiety. We aimed to investigate the association between diet quality, dietary patterns, and the common mental disorders in Norwegian adults.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 5731 population-based men and women aged 46 to 49 and 70 to 74 years. Habitual diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and mental health was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
Results: After adjustments for variables including age, education, income, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, an a priori healthy diet quality score was inversely related to depression (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59-0.84) and anxiety (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.68-0.87) in women and to depression (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70-0.99) in men. W…
matched on Diet (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), dietary pattern (text)
The association between dietary patterns and mental health in early adolescence.
Objective: To investigate the associations between dietary patterns and mental health in early adolescence.
Method: The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study is a prospective study of 2900 pregnancies recruited from 1989-1992. At 14 years of age (2003-2006; n=1324), the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was used to assess behaviour (characterising mental health status), with higher scores representing poorer behaviour. Two dietary patterns (Western and Healthy) were identified using factor analysis and food group intakes estimated by a 212-item food frequency questionnaire. Relationships between dietary patterns, food group intakes and behaviour were examined using general linear modelling following adjustment for potential confounding factors at age 14: total energy intake, body mass index, physical activity, screen use, family structure, income and functioning, gender and ma…
matched on Diet (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), dietary pattern (text)
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Chilean university students: a cross-sectional study.
This study aims to determine the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its food groups with depressive symptoms in Chilean university students. The study design was cross-sectional. A total of 934 first-year students at a Chilean public university completed a self-report questionnaire. To assess adherence to Mediterranean diet, an index validated in Chile (Chilean-MDI) was used, and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were assessed using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of adherence to Mediterranean diet and its food groups with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms adjusted for the main confounders. Students with moderate and high adherence to Mediterranean diet showed lower odds of depression [DASS-21 > 5, odds ratio (OR) = 0.64; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.47-0.88] than th…
matched on Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), Feeding Behavior (mesh), Vegetables (mesh)
Mediterranean diet and depression: a population-based cohort study.
Background: Depression imposes immense public health burden, demonstrating an urgent need of the identification of modifiable risk factors. Only a few cohort studies have analyzed the association between Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) and depression but with mixed results. We examined the impact of MDP on clinically ascertained depression in a large population-based dataset.
Methods: In 1991/92, detailed information on diet, using a food frequency questionnaire, and potential confounding factors (body weight, height, educational attainment, smoking, previous diabetes and hypertension, and physical activity) was collected, in a random sample of 49,261 Swedish women aged 29-49. Adherence to MDP was calculated. Clinical depression was extracted from the National Patient Register. Study participants were followed up through 2012.
Results: During an average follow-up of 20.4 years, 1677 …
matched on Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), Diet (keyword), dietary pattern (text), nutrition (text)
Adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern is inversely associated with depression, anxiety and psychological distress.
Background: Few studies have assessed adherence to the Mediterranean diet in relation to psychological health, in particular in the Middle East. Objective: To examine the association between adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern and prevalence of psychological disorders among a large population of Iranian adults. Design: In this cross-sectional study on 3172 Iranian adults aged 18-55 years, we used a validated food frequency questionnaire for the assessment of dietary intakes. Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern was examined using the Trichopoulou et al. method. To assess psychological health, the Iranian validated version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used. Psychological distress was assessed through the use of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).Results: Mean age of study participants was 36.54 ± 4.97 years. After controlling for potential confo…
matched on Diet, Mediterranean (mesh), Diet (keyword), dietary pattern (text), nutrition (text)
Managing young children's snack food intake. The role of parenting style and feeding strategies.
One major contributor to the problem of childhood overweight and obesity is the over-consumption of foods high in fat, salt and sugar, such as snack foods. The current study aimed to examine young children's snack intake and the influence of feeding strategies used by parents in the context of general parenting style. Participants were 611 mothers of children aged 2-7 years who completed an online questionnaire containing measures of general parenting domains and two particular feeding strategies, restriction and covert control. It was found that greater unhealthy snack intake was associated with higher restriction and lower covert control, while greater healthy snack intake was associated with lower restriction and higher covert control. Further, the feeding strategies mediated the association between parental demandingness and responsiveness and child snack intake. These findings provi…
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Hall PA (2012)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association82 citations Executive control resources and frequency of fatty food consumption: findings from an age-stratified community sample.
Objective: Fatty foods are regarded as highly appetitive, and self-control is often required to resist consumption. Executive control resources (ECRs) are potentially facilitative of self-control efforts, and therefore could predict success in the domain of dietary self-restraint. It is not currently known whether stronger ECRs facilitate resistance to fatty food consumption, and moreover, it is unknown whether such an effect would be stronger in some age groups than others. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between ECRs and consumption of fatty foods among healthy community-dwelling adults across the adult life span.
Methods: An age-stratified sample of individuals between 18 and 89 years of age attended two laboratory sessions. During the first session they completed two computer-administered tests of ECRs (Stroop and Go-NoGo) and a test of general cogniti…
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Self-control constructs related to measures of dietary intake and physical activity in adolescents.
Purpose: To test self-regulation concepts in relation to dietary intake and physical activity patterns in adolescence, which we predicted to be influenced by components of a self-control model.
Methods: A survey was conducted with a multiethnic sample of 9th grade public school students in a metropolitan area (N = 539). Confirmatory analysis tested the measurement structure of self-control. Structural equation modeling tested the association of self-control constructs with measures of fruit and vegetable intake, saturated fat intake, physical activity, and sedentary behavior.
Results: Confirmatory analysis of 14 indicators of self-control showed best fit for a two-factor structure, with latent constructs of good self-control (planfulness) and poor self-control (impulsiveness). Good self-control was related to more fruit and vegetable intake, more participation in sports, and less sedenta…
matched on Diet (mesh), Dietary Fats (mesh), Fruit (mesh), Vegetables (mesh)
Mealtime situations in nursing homes from the residents' perspective - an integrative review.
Background: When moving to a nursing home, the new resident also meets a new kind of culture, including communal, shared meals. Gaining greater insight into the resident experience of mealtimes in nursing homes is essential to identify the meaning that mealtime situations have and highlight the potential barriers and facilitators to the implementation of mealtime situations that create wellbeing for residents. The aim of this integrative review was therefore to shed light on mealtime situations in nursing homes from the residents' perspective.
Methods: The literature search was performed using a combination of MeSH keywords and free text terms in ASSIA, CINAHL, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science. After scrutinizing the articles and quality checks, 13 articles were chosen. The analysis was performed following Whittemore and Knafl's instructions for integrative reviews.
Results: The expe…
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Intermittent Fasting and Metabolic Health.
Given the ongoing strain that the obesity epidemic has placed on public health outcomes, new and effective approaches to weight control are needed. One approach to improving weight and metabolic outcomes is intermittent fasting, which consists of multiple different timing schedules for temporary food avoidance, including alternate-day fasting, other similar full-day fasting patterns, and time-restricted feeding (where the day's food is consumed over a 6-h period, allowing for 18 h of fasting). These feeding schedules have favorable metabolic effects by intermittently inducing the metabolism of fatty acids to ketones. The regimens overall lead to a decrease in weight and have been linked to improvements in dyslipidemia and blood pressure. While more research is needed on longer-term outcomes and this approach should be avoided in particular health conditions, intermittent fasting should b…
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