Procrastination

قُل لَّآ أَمۡلِكُ لِنَفۡسِي ضَرࣰّ ا وَلَا نَفۡعًا إِلَّا مَا شَآءَ ٱللَّهُۗ لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ أَجَلٌۚ إِذَا جَآءَ أَجَلُهُمۡ فَلَا يَسۡتَـٔۡخِرُونَ سَاعَةࣰ وَلَا يَسۡتَقۡدِمُونَ

Say [Prophet], ‘I cannot control any harm or benefit that comes to me, except as God wills. There is an appointed term for every community, and when it is reached they can neither delay nor hasten it, even for a moment.’

وَمَا نُؤَخِّرُهُۥٓ إِلَّا لِأَجَلࣲ مَّعۡدُودࣲ‏

We are delaying it only for a specified period

وَلَقَدۡ جَآءَتۡ رُسُلُنَآ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ بِٱلۡبُشۡرَىٰ قَالُواْ سَلَٰمࣰ اۖ قَالَ سَلَٰمࣱۖ فَمَا لَبِثَ أَن جَآءَ بِعِجۡلٍ حَنِيذࣲ‏

To Abraham Our messengers brought good news. They said, ‘Peace.’ He answered, ‘Peace,’ and without delay he brought in a roasted calf

وَإِن كَانَ ذُو عُسۡرَةࣲ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَىٰ مَيۡسَرَةࣲۚ وَأَن تَصَدَّقُواْ خَيۡرࣱ لَّكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ

If the debtor is in difficulty, then delay things until matters become easier for him; still, if you were to write it off as an act of charity, that would be better for you, if only you knew

قَالُوٓاْ أَرۡجِهۡ وَأَخَاهُ وَأَرۡسِلۡ فِي ٱلۡمَدَآئِنِ حَٰشِرِينَ

They said, ‘Delay him and his brother for a while, and send messengers to all the cities

وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ أَجَلࣱۖ فَإِذَا جَآءَ أَجَلُهُمۡ لَا يَسۡتَأۡخِرُونَ سَاعَةࣰ وَلَا يَسۡتَقۡدِمُونَ

There is a time set for every people: they cannot hasten it, nor, when it comes, will they be able to delay it for a single moment

(And if the debtor is in straitened circumstances�) [2:280]. Said al-Kalbi: �The Banu �Amr ibn �Umayr said to Banu�l-Mughirah: �Give us our capitals and we will spare you the payment of the usury on them�. The Banu�l-Mughirah said: �We are now in straitened circumstances, please give us some respite until the time of the harvest�. Banu�l-Mughirah refused this request. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed (And if the debtor is in straitened circumstances�)�.

And if any man in debt should be in difficulties then let him have respite a postponement till things are easier read maysara or maysura meaning ‘a time of ease’; but that you should give tassaddaqū where the second tā’ of the softened form tatasaddaqū has been assimilated with the sād the one in difficulty a voluntary almsgiving by waiving his debt is better for you did you but know if you know that it is better for you then do it. In a hadīth it is said ‘Whoever gives respite to one in difficulty or waives his debt God will place him under His shade on a day when there shall be no shade except God’s’ as reported by Muslim.

They said ‘Put him and his brother off a while postpone any decision regarding their affair and send into the towns summoners gatherers

Every community has a term a finite period of time. When their term comes they shall not delay it a single hour nor bring it forward.

They said: "Put him and his brother off (for a time), and send callers to the cities to collect (111)"That they bring to you all well-versed sorcerers. (112) Ibn 'Abbas commented, أَرْجِهْ ("Put him off"), means, "delay him (for a time)." وَأَرْسِلْ فِي الْمَدَائِنِ ("and send to the cities"), areas and provinces of your kingdom – O Fir'awn, حَاشِرِينَ ("to collect") to gather magicians from various lands. At this time, magic was the trade of the day and it was widespread and popular. They had the idea that what Musa brought was a type of magic similar to the magic that the sorcerers of their time practiced. Because of this incorrect assumption, they brought all the magicians in order to defeat the miracles that he showed them. Allah said about Fir'awn, فَلَنَأْتِيَنَّكَ بِسِحْرٍ مِّثْلِهِ فَاجْعَلْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ مَوْعِدًا لَّا نُخْلِفُهُ نَحْنُ وَلَا أَنتَ مَكَانًا سُوًى

And every Ummah has its appointed term; when their term comes, neither can they delay it nor can they advance it an hour (or a moment)(34)O Children of Adam! If there come to you Messengers from among you, reciting to you My Ayat, then whosoever has Taqwa and becomes righteous, on them shall be no fear nor shall they grieve (35)But those who reject Our Ayat and treat them with arrogance, they are the dwellers of the Fire, they will abide therein forever (36) Allah said, وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ (And every Ummah has), meaning, each generation and nation, أَجَلٌ فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَجَلُهُمْ (its appointed term; when their term comes) which they were destined for, لَا يَسْتَأْخِرُونَ سَاعَةً وَلَا يَسْتَقْدِمُونَ (neither can they delay it nor can they advance it an hour (or a moment)). Allah then warned the Children of Adam that He sent to them Messengers who conveyed to them His Ayat. Allah

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُفَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ ‏ "‏ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْلاَ أَنَّ رِجَالاً يَكْرَهُونَ أَنْ يَتَخَلَّفُوا بَعْدِي وَلاَ أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُهُمْ مَا تَخَلَّفْتُ، لَوَدِدْتُ أَنِّي أُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ أُحْيَا ثُمَّ أُقْتَلُ، ثُمَّ أُحْيَا ثُمَّ أُقْتَلُ، ثُمَّ أُحْيَا ثُمَّ أُقْتَلُ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Abu Huraira:I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, "By Him in Whose Hands my life is! Were it not for some men who dislike to be left behind and for whom I do not have means of conveyance, I would not stay away (from any Holy Battle). I would love to be martyred in Allah's Cause and come to life and then get, martyred and then come to life and then get martyred and then get resurrected and then get martyred

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ هَمَّامٍ، سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ لَوْ كَانَ عِنْدِي أُحُدٌ ذَهَبًا، لأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ لاَ يَأْتِيَ ثَلاَثٌ وَعِنْدِي مِنْهُ دِينَارٌ، لَيْسَ شَىْءٌ أُرْصِدُهُ فِي دَيْنٍ عَلَىَّ أَجِدُ مَنْ يَقْبَلُهُ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Abu Huraira:The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "If I had gold equal to the mountain of Uhud, I would love that, before three days had passed, not a single Dinar thereof remained with me if I found somebody to accept it excluding some amount that I would keep for the payment of my debts

حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى الْعَنَزِيُّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَرْعَرَةَ السَّامِيُّ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، - يَعْنِيَانِ الثَّقَفِيَّ - عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏.‏ بِمِثْلِهِ غَيْرَ أَنَّ فِي حَدِيثِ الثَّقَفِيِّ فَلَوْ كَانَ حَيًّا كَانَ هَذَا السَّكَكُ بِهِ عَيْبًا ‏.‏

Jabir reported Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) narrating a hadith like this with a slight variation of wording

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنِ قَعْنَبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ، - يَعْنِي ابْنَ بِلاَلٍ - عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَرَّ بِالسُّوقِ دَاخِلاً مِنْ بَعْضِ الْعَالِيَةِ وَالنَّاسُ كَنَفَتَهُ فَمَرَّ بِجَدْىٍ أَسَكَّ مَيِّتٍ فَتَنَاوَلَهُ فَأَخَذَ بِأُذُنِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ ‏"‏ أَيُّكُمْ يُحِبُّ أَنَّ هَذَا لَهُ بِدِرْهَمٍ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَقَالُوا مَا نُحِبُّ أَنَّهُ لَنَا بِشَىْءٍ وَمَا نَصْنَعُ بِهِ قَالَ ‏"‏ أَتُحِبُّونَ أَنَّهُ لَكُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالُوا وَاللَّهِ لَوْ كَانَ حَيًّا كَانَ عَيْبًا فِيهِ لأَنَّهُ أَسَكُّ فَكَيْفَ وَهُوَ مَيِّتٌ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ فَوَاللَّهِ لَلدُّنْيَا أَهْوَنُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ هَذَا عَلَيْكُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Jabir b. Abdullah reported that Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) happened to walk through the bazar coming from the side of 'Aliya and the people were on both his sides. There he found a dead lamb with very short ears. He took hold of his ear and said:Who amongst you would like to have this for a dirham? They said: We do not like to have it even for less than that as it is of no use to us. He said: Do you wish to have it (free of any cost)? They said: By Allah, even if it were alive (we would not have liked to possess that), for there is defect in it as its ear is very short; now it is dead also. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: By Allah, this world is more insignificant in the eye of Allah than it (this dead lamb) is in your eye

حَدَّثَنَا الْمَكِّيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ـ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ ـ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ نِعْمَتَانِ مَغْبُونٌ فِيهِمَا كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ، الصِّحَّةُ وَالْفَرَاغُ ‏"‏‏.‏ قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ عِيسَى، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِثْلَهُ‏.‏

Narrated Ibn `Abbas:The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There are two blessings that many people are deceived into losing: health and free time

حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمِقْدَامِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفُضَيْلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَهْلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ، كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي الْخَنْدَقِ وَهْوَ يَحْفِرُ وَنَحْنُ نَنْقُلُ التُّرَابَ وَيَمُرُّ بِنَا فَقَالَ ‏ "‏ اللَّهُمَّ لاَ عَيْشَ إِلاَّ عَيْشُ الآخِرَهْ، فَاغْفِرْ لِلأَنْصَارِ وَالْمُهَاجِرَهْ ‏"‏‏.‏ تَابَعَهُ سَهْلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِثْلَهُ‏.‏

Narrated Sahl bin Sa`d As-Sa`idi:We were in the company of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) in (the battle of) Al-Khandaq, and he was digging the trench while we were carrying the earth away. He looked at us and said, "O Allah! There is no life worth living except the life of the Hereafter, so (please) forgive the Ansar and the Emigrants

قال الله تعالى : ففروا إلى الله الذاريات : 50 ] وحقيقة الفرار : الهرب من شيء إلى شيء وهو نوعان : فرار السعداء وفرار الأشقياء ففرار السعداء : الفرار إلى الله عز وجل وفرار الأشقياء : الفرار منه لا إليه وأما الفرار منه إليه : ففرار أوليائه قال ابن عباس في قوله تعالى : ففروا إلى الله الذاريات : 50 ] : فروا منه إليه واعملوا بطاعته وقال سهل بن عبدالله : فروا مما سوى الله إلى الله وقال آخرون : اهربوا من عذاب الله إلى ثوابه بالإيمان والطاعة وقال صاحب المنازل : هو الهرب مما لم يكن إلى من لم يزل وهو على ثلاث درجات : فرار العامة من الجهل إلى العلم عقدا وسعيا ومن الكسل إلى التشمير جدا وعزما ومن الضيق إلى السعة ثقة ورجاء يريد بما لم يكن الخلق وبما لم يزل الحق وقوله : فرار العامة : من الجهل إلى العلم عقدا وسعيا الجهل نوعان : عدم العلم بالحق النافع وعدم العمل بموجبه ومقتضاه فكلاهما جهل لغة وعرفا وشرعا وحقيقة قال موسى : أعوذ بالله أن أكون من الجاهلين البقره : 67 ] لما قال له قومه : أتتخذنا هزوا البقره :

والقضيب الرطب يقبل الانحناء فإذا جف وطال عليه الزمان لم يقبل ذلك فإذا كنت أيتها النفس لا تفهمين هذه الأمور الجلية وتركنين إلى التسويف فما بالك تدعين الحكمة وأية حماقة تزيد على هذه الحماقة

وإذا عرفت معنى سوء الخاتمة، فاحذر أسبابها، وأعد ما يصلح لها، وإياك والتسويف بالاستعداد، فان العمر قصير، كل نفس من أنفاسك بمنزلة خاتمتك، لأنه يمكن أن تخطف فيه روحك، والإنسان يموت على ما عاش عليه، ويحشر على ما مات عليه.

والمسوف المسكين لا يدرى أن الذي يدعوه إلى التسويف اليوم هو معه غدا وإنما يزداد بطول المدة قوة ورسوخا ويظن أنه يتصور أن يكون للخائض في الدنيا والحافظ لها فراغ قط وهيهات فما يفرغ منها إلا من طرحها فما قضى أحد منها لبانته % وما انتهى أرب إلا إلى أرب

قالوا وإنما تستقيم النفوس بذلك إذ طبعها الكسل والمهانة والإخلاد إلى الأرض فلا تستقيم إلا بركوب الأهوال وتحمل المشاق

واحسرتاه تقضى العمر وانصرمت % ساعاته بين ذل العجز والكسل

A randomised pilot trial for bedtime procrastination: Examining the efficacy and feasibility of the Reducing Evening Screen Time online intervention (REST-O).: Bedtime procrastination is associated with inadequate sleep and is a novel intervention target to improve sleep health. Formative work indicates that pre-sleep electronic device use, a ubiquitous bedtime procrastination behaviour, may be targeted using a behaviour change approach. This pilot study aimed to examine (1) the acceptability and feasibility of the Reducing Evening Screen Time online program (REST-O) in new career starters, and (2) the preliminary effect of the program on daily pre-sle

Using mental contrasting with implementation intentions to reduce bedtime procrastination: two randomised trials.: Objective: The importance of getting a good night sleep is critical, yet for many this remains elusive. Bedtime procrastination-the notion that people delay going to bed for no legitimate reason-is one area that has received little attention, despite its associations with worse sleep outcomes. In the present research, we investigated how to effectively self-regulate bedtime procrastination. Design: In two studies (N1 = 383, N2 = 221), undergraduate students participated either in an online self-

Beyond positive thinking: A randomized trial of mental contrasting with implementation intentions to curb academic procrastination.: Academic procrastination is a pervasive challenge in higher education, particularly within low-structure, digitally mediated learning environments. This study investigates the efficacy of Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) as an intervention to reduce procrastination among undergraduate students in a private Chinese university. Grounded in the Temporal Decision Model, the study employed a randomized controlled design (N = 81) comparing MCII with a Positive Thinking Strategy

Narrative perspective matters: Designing chatbot interventions for academic procrastination through motivational framing.: This study examines how narrative perspective (first-, second-, or third-person framing) in chatbot dialogues influences academic procrastinators' task engagement, engagement trajectories over time, and motivational experience. Eighty-six university students participated in an eight-day chatbot-based intervention and were randomly assigned to one of three narrative perspective conditions. Results showed that narrative perspective did not significantly affect overall task engagement, but signific

Go to bed! A systematic review and meta-analysis of bedtime procrastination correlates and sleep outcomes.: Bedtime procrastination is defined as the volitional delay of going to bed, without any external circumstances causing the delay, and is associated with inadequate sleep. Alleviating bedtime procrastination is an important target for interventions promoting adequate sleep, yet the correlates of bedtime procrastination are poorly understood. This study examined (1) correlates of bedtime procrastination, and (2) strength and direction of the association between bedtime procrastination and sleep ou

A systematic review on the association between ADHD and procrastination.: Background: Procrastination is a maladaptive self-regulation behavior frequently observed in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet the consistency and underlying mechanisms of this association remain unclear. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and PubMed. Peer-reviewed quantitative studies examining the relationship between ADHD (diagnosis or symptoms) and procrastination using validate

Association between impulsivity and cognitive capacity decrease is mediated by smartphone addiction, academic procrastination, bedtime procrastination, sleep insufficiency and daytime fatigue among medical students: a path analysis.

Background: Medical students are at high risk for sleep disturbance. One possible cause of their sleeping problem is impulsivity. We aim to investigate the possible mediators between medical students' impulsivity and sleep outcomes. Thus, we developed and investigated a model where the predictors were attentional, non-planning, and motor impulsivity subtraits. In the final model, subjective cognitive capacity decrease was the outcome variable. In light of previous findings, academic procrastination, smartphone addiction, and bedtime procrastination were considered important mediators as well as two variables of poor sleep, sleeping insufficiency, and daytime fatigue. Methods: Medical students (N = 211; ageM = 22.15 years; ageSD = 3.47 years; 71.6% women) were recruited to complete an online survey comprised of demographics (age, gender), self-administered scales (Abbreviated Impulsivenes…

matched on Internet Addiction Disorder (mesh), Procrastination (mesh), academic procrastination (text), procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text)

The mediation roles of self-regulation and problematic internet use: How maladaptive parenting during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced adolescents' academic procrastination in the postpandemic era.

Introduction: In the transition to the postpandemic era, adolescents are working to shift their focus back to school. However, the prevalence of academic procrastination is reflective of that the aftereffects of the pandemic are persisting. Literature documents the increases in the negative parenting behaviors and internet use of adolescents during the pandemic. The excessive internet use has to do with adolescents' self-regulatory capabilities and self-regulation is profoundly shaped by parents' parenting practices. Given the connections among these factors, the present study seeks to understand how maladaptive parenting practices during the pandemic influenced adolescents' academic procrastination postpandemic through the mediation of self-regulation and problematic internet use. Method: Using three waves of data from a total of 1062 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.9 years old, SD = 1.6…

matched on Internet Addiction Disorder (mesh), Procrastination (mesh), academic procrastination (text), procrastination (text), Self-Control (mesh)

Towards the measurement of food literacy with respect to healthy eating: the development and validation of the self perceived food literacy scale among an adult sample in the Netherlands.

Background: Food literacy refers to the capability to make healthy food choices in different contexts, settings and situations. The aim of this study is to develop and validate the self-perceived food literacy (SPFL) scale, to assess individuals' level of food literacy, including a knowledge, skills and behavior to plan, manage, select, prepare and eat food healthfully. Methods: An initial set of 50 items for the SPFL scale were generated based on expert insights and literature. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among a sample of Dutch adults (n = 755) in order to determine convergent, divergent and criterion validation against psychosocial variables that were expected to correlate with food literacy (self-control, impulsiveness) and against the expected outcome of high food literacy, namely healthy food consumption. Principal Component Analyses (PCA), Pearson correlation tes…

matched on Self-Control (mesh), Self-Control (keyword)

Digital Engagement and Sleep Dysregulation in Young Adults: A Narrative Review.

Digital technology is embedded in daily life, and growing evidence suggests that evening and bedtime screen engagement may disrupt sleep in young adults. Associations appear stronger for bedtime exposure and problematic or addiction-like patterns of use than for total screen time alone. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the relationship between smartphone and social media use and sleep outcomes in young adults, with particular attention to the timing of device use, problematic digital engagement, and psychological or behavioral factors that may influence sleep. A narrative literature review was conducted using a broad, non-systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Observational, longitudinal, experimental, or interventional studies and higher-level syntheses were included when they contributed to conceptual understanding of the screen-sleep…

matched on procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text), Sleep Quality (keyword)

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Correlation Coefficients Between Fear of Missing Out and Sleep Health Dimensions.

Objective: To examine the association between Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and dimensions of sleep health. Methods: We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from inception to March 2025. Primary inclusion criteria were original studies reporting associations between FoMO and any sleep health dimension. Risk of bias in included studies was assessed independently by two reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Correlations between FoMO and sleep health dimensions were synthesized using random-effects meta-analytic models. Results: Twenty-two studies (25 independent samples; N = 12,191 participants) were included. Most used survey methods and assessed FoMO with the Fear of Missing Out Scale. Meta-analytic random-effects models were conducted for each sleep health dimension with at least 3 independent results. Twelve studies showed a positive corr…

matched on procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text), Sleep Quality (keyword)

Temptation as a key driver between affective states and usage outcomes of problematic usage of the Internet: A 14-day ambulatory assessment study.

Theoretical models of problematic usage of the Internet (PUI) assume that stress and negative mood can trigger cravings and desires as central drivers to use certain online applications that are expected to provide pleasure and relief, which increases the likelihood of use. Learning and reinforcement mechanisms can result in increased and uncontrolled Internet use, that manifests itself in the form of, for example, neglecting important areas of life like relationships or work. To test these associations in a natural environment, we conducted a 14-day ambulatory end-of-day assessment together with a diagnostic interview at baseline to identify different severity levels of PUI. The sample (N = 900) was part of a multi-center study (FOR2974) including participants who engaged in at least one of the following online activities: gaming, pornography use, social network use, or buying-shopping …

matched on Internet Addiction Disorder (mesh)

Smartphone Addiction among Adolescents in Southern Italy and Correlation with Other Risky Behaviors.

Background: Addiction to smartphone is defined as the disability to cease using the device despite the physical, psychological, or social consequences. The diagnosis of this disorder is increasing exponentially among teenagers, even more so after Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aims to analyze the risk of mobile phone addiction among teenagers in Italy and its relationship with other risk behaviors, such as drug consumption and emotional well-being, following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Catania, Sicily, during 2022. The study sample comprised 342 students from a secondary education center that answered to a validated Italian version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV) accessing through computers and mobile devices. Subjective Wellbeing was measured with the Personal Wellbeing Index-S…

matched on Internet Addiction Disorder (mesh)

Association of Higher Mediterranean Diet Adherence With Lower Prevalence of Disability and Symptom Severity, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Sleep Quality, Cognitive Impairment, and Physical Inactivity in Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis.

A good nutritional status and healthy diets may decelerate disease disability and symptom severity and quality of life of peoples with multiple sclerosis (MS). Mediterranean diet (MD) can prevent several chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative disease. This is an observational, cross-sectional study on 279 older adults with MS, aiming to investigate the effects of MD against several aspects of mental health. Qualified questionnaires were used to assess disability and symptom severity, depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, cognitive status, physical activity, and MD adherence. Multivariate analysis showed that enhanced MD adherence was independently associated with lower prevalence of disability and symptom severity (P = .0019), depression (P = .0201), anxiety (P = .0287), perceived stress (P = .0021), inadequate sleep quality (P = .0033), cognitive impairment (P = .0018) and …

matched on Sleep Quality (mesh)

The association of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diet with mental health, sleep quality and chronotype in women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Mental and sleep disorders are global public health problems, especially in Middle Eastern countries, and are significantly associated with circadian rhythm. This study sought to investigate the association between the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diet scores and mental health, sleep quality, and circadian rhythm. Methods: We enrolled 266 overweight and obese women, and depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS) score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Morning-Evening Questionnaire (MEQ), were assessed. The Mediterranean and DASH diet score was measured using a validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance, chi-square, and multinomial logistic regression tests were used…

matched on Sleep Quality (mesh)

TikTok use versus TikTok self-control failure: Investigating relationships with well-being, academic performance, bedtime procrastination, and sleep quality.

With the global rise of TikTok popularity, the research on how TikTok use may affect its users is still limited. We aimed to contribute to this research by taking a novel approach: distinguishing between general TikTok use (duration and frequency) and TikTok self-control failure. We expected that using TikTok when it conflicts with other important goals or tasks (TikTok self-control failure) would be more strongly and negatively linked to well-being, academic performance, bedtime procrastination, and sleep quality as compared to general TikTok use. We tested our expectations in two samples: adolescents (N1 = 249) and university students (N2 = 222) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. We found interesting relationships between TikTok use, TikTok self-control failure, and the outcome variables. However, our hypothesis was confirmed in both studies only for bedtime procrastination. We arg…

matched on Procrastination (mesh), Sleep Quality (mesh), procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text), Self-Control (mesh)

Postponing sleep after a stressful day: Patterns of stress, bedtime procrastination, and sleep outcomes in a daily diary approach.

Sleep problems and stress are common among students and are associated with negative effects on academic performance as well as mental and physical health risks, but studies exploring mediating factors between stress and sleep on a daily basis are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of daily stress, Bedtime procrastination (BP) (i.e., postponing bedtime without external reasons), and sleep outcomes controlling for trait factors such as self-control. N = 96 students at a German university (M = 22.2 years, SD = 4.0) wore a sleep-tracking wearable (Fitbit Charge HR) for two weeks to assess sleep duration and to calculate the gap between the intended time to go to sleep and the objectively measured time of falling asleep. Stress, intended time to go to sleep, and sleep quality were assessed via daily diaries. Established questionnaires were used to measure trait self-con…

matched on Procrastination (mesh), Sleep Quality (mesh), procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text), Self-Control (mesh)

Beyond Willpower: Strategies for Reducing Failures of Self-Control.

Almost everyone struggles to act in their individual and collective best interests, particularly when doing so requires forgoing a more immediately enjoyable alternative. Other than exhorting decision makers to "do the right thing," what can policymakers do to reduce overeating, undersaving, procrastination, and other self-defeating behaviors that feel good now but generate larger delayed costs? In this review, we synthesize contemporary research on approaches to reducing failures of self-control. We distinguish between self-deployed and other-deployed strategies and, in addition, between situational and cognitive intervention targets. Collectively, the evidence from both psychological science and economics recommends psychologically informed policies for reducing failures of self-control.

matched on procrastination (text), Self-Control (mesh), Self-Control (keyword)

Procrastination Within the Nursing Context: A Concept Analysis.

Aim: This study employs Walker and Avant's concept analysis methodology to systematically define and operationalise procrastination within nursing practice. Background: While 'procrastination' is widely cited in behavioural science literature, its definition remains ambiguous in the nursing context. This conceptual uncertainty hampers comparative research and the development of targeted interventions, underscoring the need for conceptual clarification. Design: A literature review guided by Walker and Avant's eight-step framework. Data sources: English-language articles published between 2003 and 2025 were retrieved from 11 major databases, including CINAHL Complete, Cochrane, MEDLINE Complete, PubMed, Science Direct, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Academic Search Complete and PsycARTICLES. Methods: Concept analysis was conducted following Walker and Avant's method. Article scre…

matched on Procrastination (mesh), procrastination (text)

To do it now or later: The cognitive mechanisms and neural substrates underlying procrastination.

Procrastination, the voluntary and irrational delay of an intended course of action, has troubled individuals and society extensively. Various studies have been conducted to explain why people procrastinate and to explore the neural substrates of procrastination. First, research has identified many contributing factors to procrastination. Specifically, task aversiveness, future incentives, and time delay of these incentives have been confirmed as three prominent task characteristics that affect procrastination. On the other hand, self-control and impulsivity have been identified as two most predictive traits of procrastination. After identifying contributing factors, two important theories proposed to explain procrastination by integrating these factors are reviewed. Specifically, an emotion-regulation perspective regards procrastination as a form of self-regulation failure that reflects…

matched on Procrastination (mesh), procrastination (text)

Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of Academic Procrastination.

Numerous students suffer from academic procrastination; it is a common problem and phenomenon in academic settings. Many previous researchers have analyzed its relationships with other factors, such as self-regulation and academic success. This paper aims to provide a full outline of academic procrastination and explore the current hot spots and trends. Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were used to conduct quantitative analysis. The data was collected from the Web of Science core collection database, which contains 1,240 articles from the years 1938 to 2021. The analysis shows that the publication of articles on academic procrastination has been rapidly increasing since 1993. In terms of the most influential countries and institutions, the United states took a prominent lead among all countries, and the most productive institutions in this area were the University of Washington and University …

matched on academic procrastination (text), procrastination (text)

Eveningness and Procrastination: An Exploration of Relationships with Mind Wandering, Sleep Quality, Self-Control, and Depression.

While morningness (a preference for rising earlier in the day) is associated with positive affect and life satisfaction, eveningness is correlated with negative emotionality, poor sleep, less self-control, and more procrastination. The current study investigated inter-relationships between morningness-eveningness; bedtime, academic, and exercise procrastination; mind wandering; sleep quality; self-control; and depressive symptoms. An online survey including questionnaire measures of these variables was completed by 306 university students (aged 18-51 years; mean = 20.36, SD = 4.001; 34 male). Morningness correlated with more self-control and better sleep quality-eveningness correlated with more bedtime, academic, and exercise procrastination; depressive symptoms; and mind wandering. All forms of procrastination negatively correlated with self-control and sleep quality, and positively cor…

matched on academic procrastination (text), procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text), Procrastination (keyword), Sleep Quality (keyword), Self-Control (keyword)

Time flies, but you're in control: the mediating effect of self-control between time attitude and academic procrastination.

Background: Academic procrastination has become an increasing concern in the educational sector. Prior studies identified various correlations among academic procrastination, time attitude and self-control. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the past time attitude and the mechanism underlying those relationships, and the existing studies have been implemented during regular school time. To fill those gaps, the present study includes all three dimensions of time attitude (past-oriented, present-oriented and future-oriented in both positive and negative perspectives), and proposes self-control as a mediator between academic procrastination and time attitude. The study was carried out during an extraordinary winter holiday in China, with final exams waiting at the end of the holiday. Methods: A total of 323 middle school students in China (178 girls and 145 boys, 12-19 years old) compl…

matched on Procrastination (mesh), academic procrastination (text), procrastination (text), Self-Control (mesh), Self-Control (keyword)

The Effect of Trait Anxiety on Bedtime Procrastination: the Mediating Role of Self-Control.

Background: Bedtime procrastination (BP), a special type of health behavior procrastination, is considered to be a failure of self-control. Notably, self-control may mediate the effect of trait anxiety on general procrastination. However, there is no evidence demonstrating the role of self-control in the relationship between trait anxiety and BP. Moreover, the association between BP and trait anxiety has not yet been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the direct relationship between them as well as the mediating role of self-control in this relationship. Methods: This cross-sectional survey included 718 college students enrolled in Chinese universities between October 2018 and January 2020. The Chinese versions of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale, the Self-Control Scale, and the Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to evaluate BP, self-control, and trait anxi…

matched on Procrastination (mesh), procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text), Self-Control (mesh), Self-Control (keyword)

Bidirectional relations between problematic smartphone use and bedtime procrastination among Chinese university students: Self-control as a mediator.

Objective: Based on theoretical and empirical evidence, this study examined the longitudinal relationship between problematic smartphone use and bedtime procrastination and the potential mediating role of self-control. Methods: Between November 2021 and November 2022, a three waves longitudinal design was employed. Wave 1 included 622 Chinese college students (46.95% male, Mage = 18.16, SD = 0.73), with 6-month intervals between waves. The data was collected using self-report assessments. Results: The results of the cross-lagged panel models show that problematic smartphone use positively predicted later bedtime procrastination, and the bedtime procrastination also positively predicted later problematic smartphone use among college students. More importantly, self-control played a mediating role in their bidirectional predictive relationship. Conclusions: These findings add to the unders…

matched on Procrastination (mesh), procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text), Self-Control (mesh), Self-Control (keyword)

Too exhausted to go to bed: Implicit theories about willpower and stress predict bedtime procrastination.

While most people are aware of the importance of sleep for their health, well-being, and performance, bedtime procrastination is a pervasive phenomenon that can be conceptualized as a case of self-control failure (Kroese et al., Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 2014, 1). Two daily diary studies (N1  = 185, N2  = 137) investigated beliefs about willpower and stress as interactive predictors of bedtime procrastination. Beliefs about willpower capture whether people think of their willpower as limited resource that gets easily depleted (limited theory) or as something that remains regardless of previous acts of self-control (non-limited theory). Results show that after a stressful day, people with a limited versus non-limited theory procrastinate more on going to bed, while there is no difference in bedtime procrastination on less stressful days. Thus, ironically, limited theorists who should be…

matched on Procrastination (mesh), procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text), Self-Control (mesh), Self-Control (keyword)

Is Bedtime Procrastination Related to Multidimensional Sleep Health? Evidence from Samples of Different Educational Stages (Aged 10-25) in China.

Bedtime procrastination has been associated with poorer sleep health, but evidence for this association is not sufficient. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between bedtime procrastination and multidimensional sleep health among students at different educational stages (from elementary school to college) in China, and further examine the moderating role of psychological distress in the procrastination-sleep health link. A total of 3539 students (Mage = 15.6 [2.9] years) completed an online survey between December 17th and 31st, 2023. Sociodemographics, bedtime procrastination, chronotype, psychological distress, and sleep health indicators were assessed. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the association of bedtime procrastination with sleep health. The moderating effects of psychological distress were examined using the Process macro. The resu…

matched on Procrastination (mesh), Sleep Quality (mesh), procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text)

Associations of autonomous motivation and physical activity with mobile phone addiction and bedtime procrastination: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Excessive pre-sleep mobile phone use fuels bedtime procrastination and sleep insufficiency, contributing to a self-reinforcing cycle of dependency. While physical activity benefits sleep health, the reasons for sustained engagement and the role of motivation quality in downstream outcomes remain understudied. This study integrates self-determination theory, compensatory internet use theory, the self-regulatory failure model, and the dual-system model to examine how autonomous motivation operating through physical activity is associated with mobile phone addiction and bedtime procrastination. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1,246 Chinese adults, including 389 university students (164 male, 225 female) and 857 working adults (524 male, 333 female), were recruited. The mean age of participants was 32.47 years (SD = 9.86). Validated scales were used to assess autonomous m…

matched on Internet Addiction Disorder (mesh), Procrastination (mesh), procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text)

The relationship among college students' mobile phone addiction, bedtime procrastination, and physical activity: a cross-lagged study.

Aim: In Chinese universities, mobile phone addiction (MPA) and bedtime procrastination (BP) are common and associated with adverse outcomes, whereas physical activity (PA) reliably benefits mental and physical health. Nevertheless, their longitudinal interplay remains underexplored. Accordingly, grounded in self-regulation theory, this longitudinal study examined the dynamic associations and potential causal pathways among MPA, BP, and PA in university students, in order to inform theory and guide future research. Methods: A total of 376 university students completed a valid questionnaire on problematic MPA, BP and PA at two points in time 3 months apart. A cross-lagged model was used to examine the longitudinal relationships between these factors. Results: Mobile phone addiction, BP, and PA exhibited complex temporal interrelations. Longitudinal path analyses indicated that: (1) mobile …

matched on Internet Addiction Disorder (mesh), Procrastination (mesh), procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text)

Impact of Social Media Addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder on Sleep Quality: Serial Mediation Analyses.

Poor sleep quality is a concerning and prevalent consequence of social media addiction (SMA) and internet gaming disorder (IGD). Due to the lack of research examining how SMA and IGD lead to poor sleep quality, the current study aimed to understand the relationship between SMA and sleep quality, as well as that between IGD and sleep quality, through impulse control and bedtime procrastination. The study tested the hypotheses that higher levels of SMA and IGD would predict lower levels of impulse control, which would then predict higher levels of bedtime procrastination, leading to poorer sleep quality. A serial mediation analysis was performed with a sample of 221 participants (63.3% females, 34.4% males, and 2.3% prefer not to say) aged 18 to 53 years (M = 23.64, SD = 5.72). Participants completed questionnaires that assessed for social media addiction, internet gaming disorder, impulse…

matched on Internet Addiction Disorder (mesh), Sleep Quality (mesh), procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text)

Impact of Mindfulness on sleep quality in innovative corporate employees: A chain mediation of Social Interaction Anxiety and bedtime procrastination.

In the context of innovative enterprises in China, the significance of sleep quality for employees' physical and mental well-being cannot be understated. This study explores the complex relationship between Mindfulness and sleep quality and examines the potential interaction between Social Interaction Anxiety and prolonged sleep behavior. To this end, a thorough evaluation involving the administration of the Mindfulness scale, Social Interaction Anxiety scale, sleep delay scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was conducted among a significant sample of innovative enterprise employees (N = 1648). The findings reveal that a notable proportion of these employees, 31.1% to be precise (as per PSQI 8), grapple with compromised sleep quality. Subsequent analyses shed light on compelling patterns, underscoring a robust negative correlation between Mindfulness and factors like Soci…

matched on Procrastination (mesh), Sleep Quality (mesh), procrastination (text), bedtime procrastination (text)