Substances named in prophetic medicine الطب النبوي

مَّثَلُ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ ٱلَّتِي وُعِدَ ٱلۡمُتَّقُونَۖ فِيهَآ أَنۡهَٰرࣱ مِّن مَّآءٍ غَيۡرِ ءَاسِنࣲ وَأَنۡهَٰرࣱ مِّن لَّبَنࣲ لَّمۡ يَتَغَيَّرۡ طَعۡمُهُۥ وَأَنۡهَٰرࣱ مِّنۡ خَمۡرࣲ لَّذَّةࣲ لِّلشَّٰرِبِينَ وَأَنۡهَٰرࣱ مِّنۡ عَسَلࣲ مُّصَفࣰّ ىۖ وَلَهُمۡ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ وَمَغۡفِرَةࣱ مِّن رَّبِّهِمۡۖ كَمَنۡ هُوَ خَٰلِدࣱ فِي ٱلنَّارِ وَسُقُواْ مَآءً حَمِيمࣰ ا فَقَطَّعَ أَمۡعَآءَهُمۡ

Here is a picture of the Garden promised to the pious: rivers of water forever pure, rivers of milk forever fresh, rivers of wine, a delight for those who drink, rivers of honey clarified and pure, [all] flow in it; there they will find fruit of every kind; and they will find forgiveness from their Lord. How can this be compared to the fate of those stuck in the Fire, given boiling water to drink that tears their bowels

فَلَمَّا جَهَّزَهُم بِجَهَازِهِمۡ جَعَلَ ٱلسِّقَايَةَ فِي رَحۡلِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنٌ أَيَّتُهَا ٱلۡعِيرُ إِنَّكُمۡ لَسَٰرِقُونَ

and, once he had given them their provisions, he placed the drinking-cup in his brother’s pack. A man called out, ‘People of the caravan! You are thieves!’

قَالُواْ نَفۡقِدُ صُوَاعَ ٱلۡمَلِكِ وَلِمَن جَآءَ بِهِۦ حِمۡلُ بَعِيرࣲ وَأَنَا۠ بِهِۦ زَعِيمࣱ‏

They replied, ‘The king’s drinking-cup is missing,’ and, ‘Whoever returns it will get a camel-load [of grain],’ and, ‘I give you my word.’

قَالُواْ جَزَٰٓؤُهُۥ مَن وُجِدَ فِي رَحۡلِهِۦ فَهُوَ جَزَٰٓؤُهُۥۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجۡزِي ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ

and they answered, ‘The penalty will be [the enslavement of] the person in whose bag the cup is found: this is how we punish wrongdoers.’

يَتَنَٰزَعُونَ فِيهَا كَأۡسࣰ ا لَّا لَغۡوࣱ فِيهَا وَلَا تَأۡثِيمࣱ‏

They pass around a cup which does not lead to any idle talk or sin

بِأَكۡوَابࣲ وَأَبَارِيقَ وَكَأۡسࣲ مِّن مَّعِينࣲ‏

with glasses, flagons, and cups of a pure drink

A similitude a description of the Garden promised to the God-fearing the Garden that is shared equally by all those who enter it this first clause is the subject of which the predicate follows therein are rivers of unstaling water read āsin or asin similar in form to dārib ‘striker’ and hadhir ‘cautious’ that is to say one that does not change in contrast to the water of this world which may change due to some factor; and rivers of milk unchanging in flavour in contrast to the milk of this world on account of its issuing from udders and rivers of wine delicious to the drinkers in contrast to the wine of this world which is distasteful to drink; and also rivers of purified honey in contrast to the honey of this world which when it issues out of the bellies of bees becomes mixed with wax and other elements; and there will be for them therein varieties of every fruit and forgiveness from th

Can then he, who stands on clear evidence from his Lord, be like those for whom their evil deeds are beautified for them, while they follow their own lusts (14)The description of Paradise which is promised to those who have Taqwa, (is that) in it are rivers of water that are not Asin, rivers of milk the taste of which never changes, rivers of wine delicious to those who drink it, and rivers of refined honey; and therein for them are all kinds of fruits, and forgiveness from their Lord. Can this be likened to those who abide eternally in the Fire and are given to drink boiling water that severs their intestines (15) The Worshipper of the Truth and the Worshipper of Lust are not Equal Allah says: أَفَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِ (Can then he, who stands on clear evidence from his Lord...) This means a person who is upon clear vision and certainty concerning Allah's commands

And when he had equipped them with their provision he put the drinking-cup a golden cup studded with jewels into the saddlebag of his brother Benjamin. Then a crier shouted a herald cried after they were dismissed from Joseph’s court ‘O cameleers caravan you are surely thieves!’

They said ‘We are missing the king’s goblet his cup. And he who brings it shall have a camel’s load of food supplies and I will guarantee that’ the camel’s load.

So when he furnished them forth with their provisions, he put the bowl in his brother's bag. Then a crier cried: "O you (in) the caravan! Surely, you are thieves! (70)They, turning towards them, said: "What is it that you have lost? (71)They said: "We have lost the bowl of the king and for him who produces it is (the reward of) a camel load; and I will be bound by it. (72) Yusuf had His Golden Bowl placed in Binyamin's Bag; a Plot to keep Him in Egypt After Yusuf supplied them with their provisions, he ordered some of his servants to place his silver bowl (in Binyamin's bag), according to the majority of scholars. Some scholars said that the king's bowl was made from gold. Ibn Zayd added that the king used it to drink from, and later, measured food grains with it since food became scarce in that time, according to Ibn 'Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and 'Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd. Shu'

So when he furnished them forth with their provisions, he put the bowl in his brother's bag. Then a crier cried: "O you (in) the caravan! Surely, you are thieves! (70)They, turning towards them, said: "What is it that you have lost? (71)They said: "We have lost the bowl of the king and for him who produces it is (the reward of) a camel load; and I will be bound by it. (72) Yusuf had His Golden Bowl placed in Binyamin's Bag; a Plot to keep Him in Egypt After Yusuf supplied them with their provisions, he ordered some of his servants to place his silver bowl (in Binyamin's bag), according to the majority of scholars. Some scholars said that the king's bowl was made from gold. Ibn Zayd added that the king used it to drink from, and later, measured food grains with it since food became scarce in that time, according to Ibn 'Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and 'Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd. Shu'

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، قال حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَرْوِيُّ، قال حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ غَزِيَّةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ إِذَا أَحَبَّ اللَّهُ عَبْدًا حَمَاهُ الدُّنْيَا كَمَا يَظَلُّ أَحَدُكُمْ يَحْمِي سَقِيمَهُ الْمَاءَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ صُهَيْبٍ وَأُمِّ الْمُنْذِرِ ‏.‏ وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ ‏.‏ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مُرْسَلاً ‏.‏ حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، قال أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَحْوَهُ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَقَتَادَةُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ الظَّفَرِيُّ هُوَ أَخُو أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ لأُمِّهِ وَمَحْمُودُ بْنُ لَبِيدٍ قَدْ أَدْرَكَ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَرَآهُ وَهُوَ غُلاَمٌ صَغِيرٌ ‏.‏

Qatadah bin An-Nu'man narrated that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said:"When Allah loves a slave, He prevents him from the world, just as one of you prevents his sick from water." Another chain reports a similar narration

حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ، قال حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قال حَدَّثَنَا فُلَيْحُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ، عَنْ أُمِّ الْمُنْذِرِ، قَالَتْ دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَمَعَهُ عَلِيٌّ وَلَنَا دَوَالٍ مُعَلَّقَةٌ قَالَتْ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَأْكُلُ وَعَلِيٌّ مَعَهُ يَأْكُلُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لِعَلِيٍّ ‏"‏ مَهْ مَهْ يَا عَلِيُّ فَإِنَّكَ نَاقِهٌ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَجَلَسَ عَلِيٌّ وَالنَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَأْكُلُ ‏.‏ قَالَتْ فَجَعَلْتُ لَهُمْ سِلْقًا وَشَعِيرًا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ يَا عَلِيُّ مِنْ هَذَا فَأَصِبْ فَإِنَّهُ أَوْفَقُ لَكَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ لاَ نَعْرِفُهُ إِلاَّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ فُلَيْحٍ ‏.‏ وَيُرْوَى عَنْ فُلَيْحٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ‏.‏ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، قال حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ، وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا فُلَيْحُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ، عَنْ أُمِّ الْمُنْذِرِ الأَنْصَارِيَّةِ، فِي حَدِيثِهِ قَالَتْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ يُونُسَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلاَّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ ‏"‏ أَنْفَعُ لَكَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ وَحَدَّثَنِيهِ أَيُّوبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ‏.‏ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ جَيِّدٌ غَرِيبٌ ‏.‏

Umm Al-Mundhir said:"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) entered upon me, while `Ali was with him, and we had a cluster of unripe dates hanging." She said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) began eating, and `Ali ate with him. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to `Ali: 'Stop, stop, for you are still recovering.' So `Ali sat and the Prophet (ﷺ) ate." She said: "I made some chard and barley for them, so the Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'O `Ali eat from this, for indeed it will be more suitable for you." Another chain reports a similar narration

واسوده يعقل البطن ولا سيما مع العدس وهما رديئان والا بيض يلين مع العدس ويحقن بمائه للاسهال وينفع من القولونج مع المرى والتوابل وهو قليل الغذاء ردىء الكيموس يحرق الدم ويصلحه الخل والخردل والاكثار منه يولد القبض والنفخ | حرف الشين شونيز هو الحبة السوداء وقد تقدم في حرف الحاء شبرم روى الترمذى وابن ماجة في سننهما من حديث اسماء بنت عميس قالت قال رسول الله بماذا كنت تستمشين قالت بالشبرم قال حار يار الشبرم شجر صغير وكبير كقامة الرجل وارجح له قضبان حمر ملمعة ببياض وفي رؤوس قضبانه جمة من ورق وله نور صغار أصفر إلى البياض ويسقط ويخلفه مراود صغار فيها حب صغير مثل البطم في قدره أحمر اللون ولها عروق عليها قشور حمر والمستعمل منه قشر عروقه ولبن قضبانه وهو حار يابس في الدرجة الرابعة ويسهل السوداء والكيموسات الغليظة والماء الأصفر والبلغم ومكرب مغث والاكثار منه يقتل وينبغى اذا استعمل ان ينقع في اللبن الحليب يوما وليلة ويغير عليه اللبن في اليوم مرتين أو ثلاثا ويخرج ويجفف في الظل ويخلط معه الورد والكثيراء وي

الكرماني الخامس أنه الرازيانج حكاهما أبو حنيفة الدينوري عن بعض الأعراب السادس أنه الشبت السابع انه التمر حكاهما أبو بكر بن السني الحافظ الثامن أنه العسل الذي يكون في زقاق السمن حكاه عبد اللطيف البغدادي قال بعض الأطباء وهذا أجدر بالمعنى وأقرب إلى الصواب أي يخلط السناء مدقوقا بالعسل المخالط للسمن ثم يلعق فيكون أصلح من استعماله مفردا لما في العسل والسمن من إصلاح السنا وإعانته على الإسهال والله أعلم وقد روى الترمذي وغيره من حديث ابن عباس يرفعه إن خير ما تداويتم به السعوط واللدود والحجامة والمشي المشي هو الذي يمشي الطبع ويلينه ويسهل خروج الخارج | فصل في هديه صلى الله عليه وسلم في علاج حكة الجسم وما يولد القمل جاء في الصحيحين من حديث قتادة عن أنس بن مالك قال رخص رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لعبد الرحمن بن عوف والزبير بن العوام رضي الله تعالى عنهما في لبس الحرير لحكة كانت بهما وفي رواوية أن عبد الرحمن بن عوف والزبير بن العوام رضي الله تعالى عنهما شكوا القمل إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في غزاة

| فصل في هديه في علاج الجرح في الصحيحين عن أبي حازم أنه سمع سهل بن سعد يسأل عما دووي به جرح رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم أحد فقال جرح وجهه وكسرت رباعيته وهشمت البيضة على رأسه وكانت فاطمة بنت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم تغسل الدم وكان علي بن أبي طالب يسكب عليها بالمجن فلما رأت فاطمة الدم لا يزيد إلا كثرة أخذت قطعة حصير فأحرقتها حتى إذا صارت رمادا ألصقته بالجرح فاستمسك الدم برماد الحصير المعمول من البردى وله فعل قوي في حبس الدم لأن فيه تجفيفا قويا وقلة لذع فإن الأدوية القوية التجفيف إذا كان فيها لذع هيجت الدم وجلبته وهذا الرماد إذا نفح وحده أو مع الخل في أنف الراعف قطع رعافه وقال صاحب القانون البردى ينفع من النزف ويمنعه ويذر على الجراحات الطرية فيدملها والقرطاس المصري كان قديما يعمل منه ومزاجه بارد يابس ورماد نافع من آكلة الفم ويحبس نفث الدم ويمنع القروح الخبيثة أن تسعى | فصل في هديه في العلاج بشرب العسل والحجامة والكي في صحيح البخاري عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس عن النبي صلى الله عليه

عالجناه بالتسخين وذلك موجود في العسل فإن كان يحتاج مع ذلك إلى استفراغ المادة الباردة فالعسل أيضا يفعل في ذلك لما فيه من الإنضاج والتقطيع والتلطيف والجلاء والتليين فيحصل بذلك استفراغ تلك المادة برفع وأمن من نكاية المسهلات القوية وأما الكي فلأن كل واحد من الأمراض المادية إما أن يكون حادا فيكون سريع الإفضاء لأحد الطرفين فلا يحتاج إليه فيه وإما أن يكون مزمنا وأفضل علاجه بعد الاستفراغ الكي في الأعضاء التي يجوز فيها الكي لأنه لا يكون مزمنا إلا عن مادة باردة غليظة قد رسخت في العضو وأفسدت مزاجه وأحالت جميع ما يتصل إليه إلى مشابهة جوهرها فيشتعل في ذلك العضو فيستخرج بالكي تلك المادة من ذلك المكان الذي هي فيه بإفناء الجزء الناري الموجو بالكي لتلك المادة فتعلمنا بهذا الحديث الشريف أخذ معالجة الأمراض المادية جميعها كما استنبطنا معالجة الأمراض الساذجة من قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم إن شدة الحمى من فيح جهنم فأبردوها بالماء فصل وأما الحجامة ففي سنن ابن ماجه من حديث جبارة بن المغلس وهو ضعيف عن كثير بن سليم ق

أو صفراوية أو بلغمية أو سوداوية فإن كانت دموية فشفاؤها إخراج الدم وإن كانت من الأقسام الثلاثة الباقية فشفاؤها بالإسهال الذي يليق بكل خلط منها وكأنه صلى الله عليه وسلم نبه بالعسل على المسهلات وبالحجامة على الفصد وقد قال بعض الناس إن الفصد يدخل في قوله شرطة محجم فإذا أعيا الدواء فآخر الطب الكي فذكره صلى الله عليه وسلم من الأدوية لأنه يستعمل عند غلبة الطباع لقوي الأدوية وحيث لا ينفع الدواء المشروب وقوله أنا انهى أمتي عن الكي وفي الحديث الاخر وما أحب أن أكتوي إشارة إلى أن يؤخر العلاج به حتى تدفع الضرورة إليه ولا يعجل التداوي به لما فيه من استعجال الألم الشديد في دفع ألم قد يكون أضعف من ألم الكي انتهى كلامه وقال بعض الأطباء الأمراض المزاجية إما أن تكون بمادة أو بغير مادة والمادية منها إما حارة أو باردة أو رطبة أو يابسة أو ما تركب منها وهذه الكيفيات الأربع منها كيفيتان فاعلتان وهما الحرارة والبرودة وكيفيتان منفعلتان وهما الرطوبة واليبوسة ويلزم من غلبة إحدى الكيفيتين الفاعلتين استصحاب كيفية منف

القسم الثاني: أن يكون مظنونا، كالفصد، والحجامة، وشرب المسهل، ونحو ذلك. فهذا لا يناقض التوكل، فإن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم قد تداوى وأمر بالتداوى.

Anticancer activity of Nigella sativa (black seed) and its relationship with the thermal processing and quinone composition of the seed.: The traditional preparation process of Nigella sativa (NS) oil starts with roasting of the seeds, an allegedly unnecessary step that was never skipped. The aims of this study were to investigate the role and boundaries of thermal processing of NS seeds in the preparation of therapeutic extracts and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. NS extracts obtained by various seed thermal processing methods were investigated in vitro for their antiproliferative activity in mouse colon carcinoma (MC38) c

Effect of Nigella sativa and its bioactive compound on type 2 epithelial to mesenchymal transition: a systematic review.: Background: Nigella sativa or commonly known as black seed or black cumin is one of the most ubiquitous complementary medicine. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of type 2 is defined by the balance between wound healing and tissue fibrosis, which is dependent to the state of inflammation. This systematic review is conducted to provide an overview regarding the reported effect of Nigella sativa and its bioactive compound on the type 2 EMT. Methods: A search was done in EBSCOHOST, OVID an

Validated high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the quantification of thymoquinone in Nigella Sativa extracts and formulations.: Introduction: The surge of interest in naturally occurring phytochemicals with anticancer potential has led to the discovery of many molecules, one of them being thymoquinone (TQ) the bioactive constituent of the volatile oil of black seed, Nigella sativa L. (NS). Objective: The aim of the present work was to develop and validate an HPTLC method for determination of TQ in NS extracts, commercially available marketed oils, polyherbal formulations and in lipid-based oral and parenteral formulation

Effects of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) on cardiometabolic indices in type 2 diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.: Background: Black seed is known for its health benefits in traditional medicine. While recent studies suggest it may improve cardiometabolic health, its impact on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This study aims to meta-analysis randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of black seed supplementation on cardiometabolic indices in T2DM patients. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive database search was conducted up to January 2025, and data were extr

Effect of Nigella sativa Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Parameters: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.: Introduction: Nigella sativa is a commonly used traditional medicine which has been shown to have antioxidant properties. However, its supplementation in patients of clinical trials showed conflicting results. Materials and Method. Relevant articles were searched through PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases using "Nigella sativa" or "black seed" or "black caraway" or "thymoquinone" and "oxidative stress" or "antioxidant" and "clinical trial" keywords. Randomized, placebo-controll

Nigella sativa (black seed) effects on plasma lipid concentrations in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.: The effects of Nigella sativa (NS) on plasma lipid concentrations are controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to obtain a conclusive result in humans. PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched (up to August 2015) to identify RCTs investigating the impact of NS on total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides concentrations. A random-effects model and

Effect of kai xin san on learning and memory in a rat model of paradoxical sleep deprivation.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of kai xin san (KXS, at doses of 500, 250, and 125 mg/kg body weight per day), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, on learning and memory in paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD)-induced cognition deficit rats. Two behavior tests (the Open Field test and the Morris water maze task) were used for testing the effects of KXS on a PSD-induced learning and memory deficit model. Furthermore, its effect on the glutamic acid (GLU) and γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) levels in the brain tissue, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), and phosphorylated-CREB (p-CREB) expression in the hippocampus was also tested. KXS exerted the greatest cognition against the 48 h PSD-induced cognitive deficit and these effects may be mediated by decreasing the GLU and GABA levels and increasing the levels of BDNF…

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Microbial symbionts accelerate wound healing via the neuropeptide hormone oxytocin.

Wound healing capability is inextricably linked with diverse aspects of physical fitness ranging from recovery after minor injuries and surgery to diabetes and some types of cancer. Impact of the microbiome upon the mammalian wound healing process is poorly understood. We discover that supplementing the gut microbiome with lactic acid microbes in drinking water accelerates the wound-healing process to occur in half the time required for matched control animals. Further, we find that Lactobacillus reuteri enhances wound-healing properties through up-regulation of the neuropeptide hormone oxytocin, a factor integral in social bonding and reproduction, by a vagus nerve-mediated pathway. Bacteria-triggered oxytocin serves to activate host CD4+Foxp3+CD25+ immune T regulatory cells conveying transplantable wound healing capacity to naive Rag2-deficient animals. This study determined oxytocin t…

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Factors that influence parental decisions to participate in clinical research: consenters vs nonconsenters.

Importance: A child's health, positive perceptions of the research team and consent process, and altruistic motives play significant roles in the decision-making process for parents who consent for their child to enroll in clinical research. This study identified that nonconsenting parents were better educated, had private insurance, showed lower levels of altruism, and less understanding of study design. Objective: To determine the factors associated with parental consent for their child's participation in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Design: Cross-sectional survey conducted from July 2008 to May 2011. The survey was an ancillary study to the Randomized Intervention for Children with VesicoUreteral Reflux Study. Setting: Seven children's hospitals participating in a randomized trial evaluating management of children with vesicoureteral reflux. Participants: Parents asked to p…

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Convergent translational evidence of a role for anandamide in amygdala-mediated fear extinction, threat processing and stress-reactivity.

Endocannabinoids are released 'on-demand' on the basis of physiological need, and can be pharmacologically augmented by inhibiting their catabolic degradation. The endocannabinoid anandamide is degraded by the catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Anandamide is implicated in the mediation of fear behaviors, including fear extinction, suggesting that selectively elevating brain anandamide could modulate plastic changes in fear. Here we first tested this hypothesis with preclinical experiments employing a novel, potent and selective FAAH inhibitor, AM3506 (5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanesulfonyl fluoride). Systemic AM3506 administration before extinction decreased fear during a retrieval test in a mouse model of impaired extinction. AM3506 had no effects on fear in the absence of extinction training, or on various non-fear-related measures. Anandamide levels in the basolateral amy…

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Molecular analyses of MADS-box genes trace back to Gymnosperms the invention of fleshy fruits.

Botanical fruits derive from ovaries and their most important function is to favor seed dispersal. Fleshy fruits do so by attracting frugivorous animals that disperse seeds together with their own excrements (endozoochory). Gymnosperms make seeds but have no ovaries to be transformed into fruits. Many species surround their seeds with fleshy structures and use endozoochory to disperse them. Such structures are functionally fruits and can derive from different anatomical parts. Ginkgo biloba and Taxus baccata fruit-like structures differ in their anatomical origin since the outer seed integument becomes fleshy in Ginkgo, whereas in Taxus, the fleshy aril is formed de novo. The ripening characteristics are different, with Ginkgo more rudimentary and Taxus more similar to angiosperm fruits. MADS-box genes are known to be necessary for the formation of flowers and fruits in Angiosperms but a…

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Glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists rapidly reverse behavioral and synaptic deficits caused by chronic stress exposure.

Background: Despite widely reported clinical and preclinical studies of rapid antidepressant actions of glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, there has been very little work examining the effects of these drugs in stress models of depression that require chronic administration of antidepressants or the molecular mechanisms that could account for the rapid responses. Methods: We used a rat 21-day chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model to test the rapid actions of NMDA receptor antagonists on depressant-like behavior, neurochemistry, and spine density and synaptic function of prefrontal cortex neurons. Results: The results demonstrate that acute treatment with the noncompetitive NMDA channel blocker ketamine or the selective NMDA receptor 2B antagonist Ro 25-6981 rapidly ameliorates CUS-induced anhedonic and anxiogenic behaviors. We also found that CUS exposure decr…

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A survey of castration methods and associated livestock management practices performed by bovine veterinarians in the United States.

Background: Castration of male calves destined for beef production is a common management practice performed in the United States amounting to approximately 15 million procedures per year. Societal concern about the moral and ethical treatment of animals is increasing. Therefore, production agriculture is faced with the challenge of formulating animal welfare policies relating to routine management practices such as castration. To enable the livestock industry to effectively respond to these challenges there is a need for more data on management practices that are commonly used in cattle production systems. The objective of this survey was to describe castration methods, adverse events and husbandry procedures performed by U.S. veterinarians at the time of castration. Invitations to participate in the survey were sent to email addresses of 1,669 members of the American Association of Bov…

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Anxiolytic-like effect of sweet orange aroma in Wistar rats.

Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils as an alternative treatment for medical purposes. Despite the lack of sufficient scientific proof, it is considered a holistic complementary therapy employed to enhance comfort and decrease distress. Citrus fragrances have been particularly used by aromatherapists for the treatment of anxiety symptoms. Based on this claim, the present study investigated the effects of Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) essential oil on Wistar, male rats evaluated in the elevated plus-maze followed by the light/dark paradigm. The animals were exposed to the orange aroma (100, 200 or 400 microl) for 5 min while in a Plexiglas chamber and were then immediately submitted to the behavioural tests. At all doses, C.sinensis oil demonstrated anxiolytic activity in at least one of the tests and, at the highest dose, it presented significant effects in both animal models, as i…

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Estrogen impairs glucocorticoid dependent negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via estrogen receptor alpha within the hypothalamus.

Numerous studies have established a link between individuals with affective disorders and a dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, most notably characterized by a reduced sensitivity to glucocorticoid negative (-) feedback. Furthermore there is a sex difference in the etiology of mood disorders with incidence in females being two to three times that of males, an association that may be a result of the influence of estradiol (E2) on HPA axis function. In these studies, we have examined the effect of E2 on glucocorticoid-mediated HPA axis (-) feedback during both the diurnal peak and the stress-induced rise in corticosterone (CORT). Young adult female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and 1 week later treated subcutaneous (s.c.) with oil or estradiol benzoate (EB) for 4 days. On the 4th day of treatment, animals were injected with a single dose of …

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Complementary and alternative medicine use and cost in functional bowel disorders: a six month prospective study in a large HMO.

Background: Functional Bowel Disorders (FBD) are chronic disorders that are difficult to treat and manage. Many patients and doctors are dissatisfied with the level of improvement in symptoms that can be achieved with standard medical care which may lead them to seek alternatives for care. There are currently no data on the types of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) used for FBDs other than Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), or on the economic costs of CAM treatments. The aim of this study is to determine prevalence, types and costs of CAM in IBS, functional diarrhea, functional constipation, and functional abdominal pain. Methods: 1012 Patients with FBD were recruited through a health care maintenance organization and followed for 6 months. Questionnaires were used to ascertain: Utilization and expenditures on CAM, symptom severity (IBS-SS), quality of life (IBS-QoL), psychologi…

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Inactivation of the 5-HT(7) receptor partially blocks phencyclidine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition.

Background: Studies have implicated the serotonin (5-HT)(7) receptor in physiological and pathophysiological phenomena, including thermoregulation, central control of micturition and locomotion, regulation of circadian rhythm, sleep, and depression. Further, several antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs have high affinity for the 5-HT(7) receptor. Methods: We examined the role of 5-HT(7) receptors in a rodent analogue of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia: phencyclidine (PCP)-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle. We used mice lacking the 5-HT(7) receptor due to a targeted inactivation of this receptor gene and the selective 5-HT(7) receptor antagonist SB-269970. Results: SB-269970 did not affect either baseline PPI or PCP-disrupted PPI. There was no difference between 5-HT(7)(+/+) and 5-HT(7)(-/-) mice in startle reactivity or PPI regardless of …

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Frequency of complementary and alternative medicine utilization in hypertensive patients attending an urban tertiary care centre in Nigeria.

Background: To study the frequency and pattern of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients with essential hypertension attending a tertiary hypertension clinic. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-five consecutive hypertensive patients attending the hypertension clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a 3-month period were interviewed. Socio-demographic data, duration of hypertension, clinic attendance, current blood pressure, and compliance to conventional medications was documented. CAM utilization was explored using both structured and open-ended questions. Results: There were 90 (40%) male and 135 (60%) female patients with mean age +/- SD overall was 55.1 +/- 12.4 years. 88 (39.1%) of the respondents used CAM. Herbal products were the most commonly used CAM type. Amongst the CAM users, the most common herbal product used was garlic (69.3%). Others we…

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Ethnobotany of medicinal plants used by Assamese people for various skin ailments and cosmetics.

The present paper deals with the medicinal plants used by the people of Assam for curing different skin ailments and for cosmetics. A total of 85 plants belonging to 49 families have been documented for their therapeutic use against skin diseases and as herbal care. The herbal medicines were prepared from various plant parts of single plant, or multiple plants. The majority of the preparation was made using water as the medium. The mode of application was topical, but in many cases it was also administered orally. In several cases the pure herbal preparations was administered along with milk, ghee, honey, coconut oil, curd, etc. Remedies for 18 skin ailments were documented through this study. About 14 plants are known for their use to cure multiple skin diseases. Among these Curcuma longa and Melia azaderach constitute the major plants. The herbal cosmetic products used by the people of…

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