The specific physiology and psychology of the Ramadan fast.
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326 to 350 of 889Eat, Train, Sleep-Retreat? Hormonal Interactions of Intermittent Fasting, Exercise and Circadian Rhythm.
The circadian rhythmicity of endogenous metabolic and hormonal processes is controlled by a complex system of central and peripheral pacemakers, influenced by exogenous factors like light/dark-cycles, nutrition and exercise timing. There is evidence that alterations in this system may be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. It has been shown that disruptions to normal diurnal rhythms lead to drastic changes in circadian processes, as often seen in modern society due to excessive exposure to unnatural light sources. Out of that, research has focused on time-restricted feeding and exercise, as both seem to be able to reset disruptions in circadian pacemakers. Based on these results and personal physical goals, optimal time periods for food intake and exercise have been identified. This review shows that appropriate nutrition and exercise timing are powerful tools to support,…
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Cardiometabolic Benefits of Intermittent Fasting.
This review aims to summarize the effects of intermittent fasting on markers of cardiometabolic health in humans. All forms of fasting reviewed here-alternate-day fasting (ADF), the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating (TRE)-produced mild to moderate weight loss (1-8% from baseline) and consistent reductions in energy intake (10-30% from baseline). These regimens may benefit cardiometabolic health by decreasing blood pressure, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels are also lowered, but findings are variable. Other health benefits, such as improved appetite regulation and favorable changes in the diversity of the gut microbiome, have also been demonstrated, but evidence for these effects is limited. Intermittent fasting is generally safe and does not result in energy level disturbances or increased disordered eating behaviors…
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COVID-19 and obesity: fighting two pandemics with intermittent fasting.
Obesity is strongly and independently associated with an increased risk of severe illness and death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathophysiological changes that result from elevated body weight lead to metabolic dysfunction, chronic inflammation, impaired immunological responses, and multisystem disorders, which increase vulnerability to severe illness from COVID-19. While vaccination strategies are under way across the world, the second and third waves of the pandemic, along with the emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains, continue to threaten the stability of medical systems worldwide. Furthermore, evidence from previous pandemics suggests that vaccines are less effective in obese individuals than in their healthy-weight counterparts over the long term. Therefore, a consideration of lifestyle changes that can boost metab…
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The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Brain and Cognitive Function.
The importance of diet and the gut-brain axis for brain health and cognitive function is increasingly acknowledged. Dietary interventions are tested for their potential to prevent and/or treat brain disorders. Intermittent fasting (IF), the abstinence or strong limitation of calories for 12 to 48 h, alternated with periods of regular food intake, has shown promising results on neurobiological health in animal models. In this review article, we discuss the potential benefits of IF on cognitive function and the possible effects on the prevention and progress of brain-related disorders in animals and humans. We do so by summarizing the effects of IF which through metabolic, cellular, and circadian mechanisms lead to anatomical and functional changes in the brain. Our review shows that there is no clear evidence of a positive short-term effect of IF on cognition in healthy subjects. Clinical…
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Intermittent fasting contributes to aligned circadian rhythms through interactions with the gut microbiome.
The timing of food consumption is considered to be an important modulator of circadian rhythms, regulating a wide range of physiological processes which are vital to human health. The exact mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood, but likely involve alterations in the structure and functioning of the gut microbiome. Therefore, this narrative review aims to clarify these mechanisms by focusing on intermittent fasting as a dietary strategy of food timing. A literature search identified 4 clinical and 18 preclinical studies that examined either (1) the impact of intermittent fasting on the gut microbiome, or (2) whether circadian rhythms of the host are subject to changes in the bacterial populations in the gut. Results reveal that intermittent fasting directly influences the gut microbiome by amplifying diurnal fluctuations in bacterial abundance and metabolic acti…
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Switching Host Metabolism as an Approach to Dampen SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Background: COVID-19 pandemic, a global threat, adversely affects all daily lives, altered governmental plans around the world, and urges the development of therapeutics and prophylactics to avoid the expansion of the viral infection. With the recent gradual opening after long lockdown, several recommendations have been placed, with dietary modification as one of the most important approaches that have been appraised.
Summary: Here, we are reviewing how changing the host metabolism, particularly changing the host metabolic state from the carbohydrate-dependent glycolytic state to a fat-dependent ketogenic state, may affect viral replication. Furthermore, the impact of intermittent fasting (IF) in triggering metabolic switch along with the impact of supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) such as lauric acid in repressing the envelope formation and viral replication is also…
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Intermittent fasting and 'metabolic switch': Effects on metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Various intermittent fasting (IF) dietary plans have gained popularity among obese individuals in recent years as a means of achieving weight loss. However, studies evaluating the effect of IF regimens in people with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are limited. The aim of the present review was to briefly elucidate the biochemical and physiological mechanisms underlying the positive effects of IF, especially the effect of the proposed 'metabolic switch' on metabolism. Next, we examined the efficacy and safety of IF regimens in individuals with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and T2D. To achieve this, we performed a MEDLINE PubMed search using combinations of various IF terms, including trials in which participants met the additional criteria for metabolic syndrome, prediabetes or T2D. We found four studies in individuals with metabolic syndrome, one study in peo…
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Periodic and Intermittent Fasting in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.
Purpose of review: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death globally. Nutrition plays a central role in CVD risk by affecting aging, adiposity, glycemia, blood pressure, cholesterol, inflammation, and other risk factors and can affect CVD risk not only based on calorie intake and dietary composition but also the timing and range of meals. This review evaluates the effects of fasting, fasting-mimicking diets, and time-restricted eating on the reduction of CVD risk factors and provides initial data on their potential to serve as CVD prevention and treatment therapies.
Recent findings: Intermittent fasting (IF), time-restricted eating (TRE), prolonged fasting (PF), and fasting-mimicking diets (FMD) show promise in the reduction of CVD risk factors. Results on IF, TRE, PF, and FMD on CVD risk factors are significant and often independent of weight loss, yet long-ter…
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Nowak KL, Hopp K (2020)reviewMEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN98 citations Metabolic Reprogramming in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Evidence and Therapeutic Potential.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is characterized by progressive development and enlargement of kidney cysts, leading to ESKD. Because the kidneys are under high metabolic demand, it is not surprising that mounting evidence suggests that a metabolic defect exists in in vitro and animal models of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, which likely contributes to cystic epithelial proliferation and subsequent cyst growth. Alterations include defective glucose metabolism (reprogramming to favor aerobic glycolysis), dysregulated lipid and amino acid metabolism, impaired autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Limited evidence supports that cellular kidney metabolism is also dysregulated in humans with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. There are notable overlapping features and pathways among metabolism, obesity, and/or autosomal dominant polycystic kidney dis…
matched on Caloric Restriction (mesh), Fasting (keyword), Caloric Restriction (keyword)
Time-restricted feeding and risk of metabolic disease: a review of human and animal studies.
Time-restricted feeding (TRF), a key component of intermittent fasting regimens, has gained considerable attention in recent years. TRF allows ad libitum energy intake within controlled time frames, generally a 3-12 hour range each day. The impact of various TRF regimens on indicators of metabolic disease risk has yet to be investigated. Accordingly, the objective of this review was to summarize the current literature on the effects of TRF on body weight and markers of metabolic disease risk (i.e., lipid, glucoregulatory, and inflammatory factors) in animals and humans. Results from animal studies show TRF to be associated with reductions in body weight, total cholesterol, and concentrations of triglycerides, glucose, insulin, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as with improvements in insulin sensitivity. Human data support the findings of animal studies and demonstrate d…
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Experiences of fasting during Ramadan in British Muslims: Psychological, social and health behaviours.
Ramadan is a month-long religious festival observed by Muslim worldwide, characterised by intermittent fasting. This qualitative study addressed the need to understand how fasting is experienced by Muslims residing in Western cultures, aiming to inform policies that create a more supportive environment. Practicing Muslims, both men and women, were recruited in the North of England in the United Kingdom (UK). Data were collected by individual interviews (N = 7) and focus group discussion (N = 4) and then analysed using Social Ecological Theory as a framework. Fasting was managed at the individual level through instrumental food choice and eating practices, and by adapting sleep routines. Disrupted sleep routines posed a challenge for those who had to adhere to Western working schedules, leading to perceived detriments to cognitive function and mood. The sense of belonging associated with …
matched on Fasting (mesh), Islam (mesh), Ramadan (text)
Ramadan is not associated with increased infection risk in Pakistani and Bangladeshi populations: Findings from controlled interrupted time series analysis of UK primary care data.
Background: The effect of fasting on immunity is unclear. Prolonged fasting is thought to increase the risk of infection due to dehydration. This study describes antibiotic prescribing patterns before, during, and after Ramadan in a primary care setting within the Pakistani and Bangladeshi populations in the UK, most of whom are Muslims, compared to those who do not observe Ramadan.
Method: Retrospective controlled interrupted time series analysis of electronic health record data from primary care practices. The study consists of two groups: Pakistanis/Bangladeshis and white populations. For each group, we constructed a series of aggregated, daily prescription data from 2007 to 2017 for the 30 days preceding, during, and after Ramadan, respectively.
Findings: Controlling for the rate in the white population, there was no evidence of increased antibiotic prescription in the Pakistani/Bang…
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Ramadan daily intermittent fasting reduces objectively assessed habitual physical activity among adults.
Background: Muslims around the world practice intermittent fasting during the month of Ramadan each year. We hypothesized that daily physical activity could be reduced among Muslims due to the inability to refuel and rehydrate in the fasting state.
Methods: A cohort study design among adults registered with national physical activity community program. Data from a pedometer-based community program was used to extract 3 months of daily step counts before, during, and after Ramadan for the past years (2013-2019). A survey was conducted among participants to determine fasting practice and other health and environmental factors.
Results: A total of 209 participants completed the survey and provided valid data on physical activity. During Ramadan, the average steps per day decreased significantly (- 385 ± SE 158) among participants who fasted (n = 151) p = 0.046 and increased (+ 731 ± SE 247)…
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Perceptions among Muslims regarding fasting, medication use and provider engagement during Ramadan in the United States.
Background: Muslims with chronic diseases tend to fast during Ramadan, although Islam allows them not to fast. Therefore, understanding their perceptions and how they manage their health, especially as a minority population, is very important.
Objective: To examine Muslims' (1) perceptions of fasting exemptions, (2) medication usage behaviour, (3) perceptions of relationships with healthcare providers and (4) factors impacting health management during Ramadan.
Method: This was a qualitative study employing four focus groups (two groups of women and two groups of men). Adult Muslims (aged 18 years or more) with chronic diseases were invited to participate. Participants were asked open-ended questions about their fasting ability, medication usage behaviours, healthcare access and collaboration with providers during Ramadan. Trained researchers conducted the focus groups interviews in both …
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Saad H (2021)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usJournal of religion and health1 citations A Study of Some Important Issues for a Muslim in the Month of Ramadan.
The month of Ramadan is associated with many worships that might exhaust the weak body. The most important worships in Ramadan are fasting and prayer. Some prayers require the length of sitting and standing, in addition to prayer movements. Many Muslims are spending a long time in the mosque; sitting on the ground for reading or standing for prayer. The questionnaire is focused on those who spend a long time in the mosque. Seven attributes were considered for the understanding of what affects the worshiper's health, especially those who with chronic diseases. We found that there is a strong relationship between age and chronic diseases that may increase with the age. Also, the elderly cannot continue to pray for more than half an hour, and this is if balanced standing and sitting on a chair when is needed to prevent the disorder of the body and the emergence of symptoms of chronic diseas…
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S Arabi ZM, Elhassan EA, Abdalla MI, Farooqui MA, Mateen AA, Kaysi S, Alam SA, Khan SA, Elmuzaini MF, Al Sabbagh MM, Altheaby AR (2020)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usSaudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia2 citations Multi National Survey of the Advice Given to Muslim Kidney Graft Recipients by Muslim Nephrologists about Lifestyle and Religious Rituals with Potential Medical Risk.
Muslim renal transplant recipients often ask their physicians if performing certain lifestyles or religious obligations may be harmful to their health. Permissibility as advised by an expert Muslim physician is considered as being religiously accepted. A cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted enquiring what nephrologists would advise their transplant recipients to do, about some lifestyles and religious duties. Fifty-eight nephrologists responded to the survey. Of these, 77% routinely follow-up post-transplant patients; 34% were from Saudi Arabia, 18% from the USA, and 20% from Pakistan. Fifty-four percent of the respondents would let patients with stable graft function fast during Ramadan, while 20% would not recommend fasting at any time following transplantation. This response did not change much if the patient was diabetic although in these patients, not recommending fasti…
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Pulmonary Function of Young Muslim Males During the Month of Ramadan.
During the month of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF), both dietary and sleep patterns are adversely affected to cope with the rituals of Ramadan. Literature suggests that sleep deprivation and alteration of dietary pattern and nutritional impairment affect the pulmonary structure and function. Pulmonary function during RIF was not explored earlier. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of RIF on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in healthy young Muslim males. Fifty sedentary nonsmoking healthy young Muslim male individuals of 20 to 25 years of age without any history of pulmonary or other major diseases were recruited by simple random sampling from different parts of Kolkata, India. Participants completed the American Thoracic Society questionnaire to record their personal demographic data, health status, and consent to participate in the study. Expirograph and peak flow met…
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Levels of health awareness in diabetic patients during Ramadan 2015: Focus group discussion in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
A qualitative study was carried out to explore the health status of people with diabetes during Ramadan. Fifteen patients participated in two focus group discussions. Most respondents reported lack of knowledge regarding their own conditions and do not follow the medical advice of not fasting during Ramadan. Barriers facing the patients seeking healthcare before and during Ramadan were the atmosphere, long distances to facilities, monthly appointments, and monthly prescribed medication. All respondents agreed on the importance of physical activity but their opinions varied on how to conduct it. Regarding the services, most respondents were unsatisfied due to the lack of health services provided in addition to the shortage of essential medication or laboratory investigations. Others blamed primary healthcare-center staff for the delay in laboratory investigation results and the unavailabi…
matched on Fasting (mesh), Islam (mesh), Ramadan (text)
Effects of fasting during Ramadan on renal function of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Fasting during Ramadan is prohibited when an individual's health is endangered. Little work has been published in this direction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to evaluate the impact of fasting during Ramadan on the renal function of patients with CKD, adjusting for the initial degree of renal impairment. We prospectively studied 60 patients with CKD (35 females; mean age 45.6 ± 15.8 years). All study patients were older than 15 years, being followed-up at the nephrology clinic for more than six months, having a stable CKD during the preceding six months and who had fasted during Ramadan the previous year. Patients who had a medical contra-indication for fasting were excluded from the study [severe or resistant arterial hypertension, insulin-requiring diabetes, acute renal failure (ARF), active renal disease, repetitive urolithiasis or terminal chronic renal fail…
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Patient perspectives on type 2 diabetes and medicine use during Ramadan among Pakistanis in Denmark.
Background: Type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent among people of Pakistani background. Studies show that adherence to medicines is complicated for people with type 2 diabetes in general. Also, studies indicate that many people with type 2 diabetes and Muslim background fast during the month of Ramadan without adequate counselling on how to adjust their medicines.
Objective: To explore patient perspectives on medicine use during Ramadan, reasons for fasting and experiences with counselling on medicine use during Ramadan among people of Pakistani background with type 2 diabetes and at least one other chronic condition.
Setting: Greater Copenhagen, Denmark.
Method: The analysis is based on a study exploring lived experiences with counselling on medicines using semi-structured interviews and medication reviews. The analysis presented here builds on the subset of patients with Pakistani backgr…
matched on Fasting (mesh), Islam (mesh), Ramadan (text)
Muslim person's experiences of diabetes during Ramadan: information for health professionals.
This phenomenological study provides an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of Muslim persons with diabetes during Ramadan. The findings facilitate health professionals' knowledge of the unique needs of these clients during this time. van Manen's (1990) and Hycner's (1985) analytical methods assisted in producing the themes: knowing and understanding - being in harmony with the body, knowing its capabilities and limitations and its response to change; controlling - being in charge of diabetes during Ramadan; accepting and recognising - acknowledging diabetes and its impact on fasting during Ramadan; and faith and belief - the courage of conviction.
matched on Fasting (mesh), Islam (mesh), Ramadan (text)
Does fasting during Ramadan affect the use of topical dermatological treatment by Muslim patients in the UK?
Background: Ritual fasting during the Muslim religious festival of Ramadan is one of the 'Five Pillars' of Islam, and is widely observed by Muslims. Previous studies have highlighted compliance issues in patients prescribed oral medications during this period. Aim. To assess whether fasting during Ramadan influence the use of topical treatments for skin disease in Muslim patients.
Methods: This was a prospective, anonymous, questionnaire survey undertaken in a dermatology centre in a tertiary hospital in the UK. Patients were asked if they would use topical treatment while fasting, and whether they would consider this a breach of their fast.
Results: We found that more than one-third of the people interviewed would not use topical treatment while fasting, and around the same number (> 30%) would also consider this a breach of their fast. Although the majority of these patients thought t…
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[Changes of the potassium ion during the fast of Ramadan: preliminary outcomes].
Background and aims: The Islamic precept of Ramadan (R), imposes on individuals who practice it important physiological and psychological changes due to water and dietary restrictions to which they are subjected during the day, over a month. This fact makes a singular constrat, particularly in multicultural Western societies, where there is no schedule adjustments in daily activities, which are common in predominantly Muslim countries. Among the changes, includes the activation of mechanisms of adaptation to the hydrosalin restriction, with consequences on the homeostasis of water and ion plasma. On the relevance of the issue and the limited knowledge of the effects of (R) on the ion balance, the aim of the present study is to analyze the behaviour of potassium ion for this month, in order to prevent some problems that may affect health.
Methodology: We have selected 10 young Muslim heal…
matched on Fasting (mesh), Islam (mesh), Ramadan (text)
Kridli SA (2011)MEDLINE-indexed journal, not yet read by usMCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing21 citations Health beliefs and practices of Muslim women during Ramadan.
There are clear exemptions in Islam from fasting in Ramadan during sickness, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. Yet, some Muslim women still elect to fast while sick, pregnant, or breastfeeding because of a confluence of social, religious, and cultural factors. Little is known about the physiological effects of fasting during Ramadan on the mother or her unborn baby, and thus nurses and other healthcare providers are faced with the difficult task of providing appropriate medical advice to Muslim women regarding the safety and impact of their fasting. This article describes what is known about this topic and suggests that healthcare professionals learn as much as possible about the multicultural best practices and research-driven information about fasting in order to help Muslim women make informed decisions.
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Diabetes and fasting during Ramadan.
Abstinence from food and liquid during daylight hours is observed by Muslim individuals during the month of Ramadan. Even though the Koran exempts the sick from fasting, many people with diabetes still fast during this religious period. It is essential for patients, family and healthcare professionals to be aware of the religious attitude to and health implications of fasting. Major changes in dietary habits, daily physical activities and sleeping patterns during Ramadan have significant impact on the glycaemic control, lipid profile, weight and dietary intake. Hence, the patient is encouraged to have appropriate pre-Ramadan assessment and education in order to stratify and modify his or her risk with fasting. Dose and timing adjustments to insulin and to some oral hypoglycaemic agents, especially sulphonylureas, may well be necessary during Ramadan.
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