Trust and betrayal

وَلَا تَقۡرَبُواْ مَالَ ٱلۡيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِٱلَّتِي هِيَ أَحۡسَنُ حَتَّىٰ يَبۡلُغَ أَشُدَّهُۥۚ وَأَوۡفُواْ بِٱلۡعَهۡدِۖ إِنَّ ٱلۡعَهۡدَ كَانَ مَسۡـُٔولࣰ ا

Do not go near the orphan’s property, except with the best [intentions], until he reaches the age of maturity. Honour your pledges: you will be questioned about your pledges

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَوۡفُواْ بِٱلۡعُقُودِۚ أُحِلَّتۡ لَكُم بَهِيمَةُ ٱلۡأَنۡعَٰمِ إِلَّا مَا يُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡ غَيۡرَ مُحِلِّي ٱلصَّيۡدِ وَأَنتُمۡ حُرُمٌۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَحۡكُمُ مَا يُرِيدُ

You who believe, fulfil your obligations. Livestock animals are lawful as food for you, with the exception of what is about to be announced to you. You are forbidden to kill game while you are on pilgrimage––God commands what He will

إِنَّا عَرَضۡنَا ٱلۡأَمَانَةَ عَلَى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَٱلۡجِبَالِ فَأَبَيۡنَ أَن يَحۡمِلۡنَهَا وَأَشۡفَقۡنَ مِنۡهَا وَحَمَلَهَا ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُۖ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ ظَلُومࣰ ا جَهُولࣰ ا

We offered the Trust to the heavens, the earth, and the mountains, yet they refused to undertake it and were afraid of it; mankind undertook it- they have always been inept and foolish

فَرَجَعَ مُوسَىٰٓ إِلَىٰ قَوۡمِهِۦ غَضۡبَٰنَ أَسِفࣰ اۚ قَالَ يَٰقَوۡمِ أَلَمۡ يَعِدۡكُمۡ رَبُّكُمۡ وَعۡدًا حَسَنًاۚ أَفَطَالَ عَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلۡعَهۡدُ أَمۡ أَرَدتُّمۡ أَن يَحِلَّ عَلَيۡكُمۡ غَضَبࣱ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ فَأَخۡلَفۡتُم مَّوۡعِدِي

Moses returned to his people, angry and aggrieved. He said, ‘My people, did your Lord not make you a gracious promise? Was my absence too long for you? Did you want anger to fall on you from your Lord and so broke your word to me?’

ٱلَّذِينَ يَنقُضُونَ عَهۡدَ ٱللَّهِ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مِيثَٰقِهِۦ وَيَقۡطَعُونَ مَآ أَمَرَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦٓ أَن يُوصَلَ وَيُفۡسِدُونَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡخَٰسِرُونَ

those who break their covenant with God after it has been confirmed, who sever the bonds that God has commanded to be joined, who spread corruption on the earth- these are the losers

وَٱلَّذِينَ هُمۡ لِأَمَٰنَٰتِهِمۡ وَعَهۡدِهِمۡ رَٰعُونَ

who are faithful to their trusts and pledges

And do not come anywhere near an orphan’s property except in the fairest manner until he comes of age. And fulfil the covenant should you make a covenant with God or with people in general. Indeed the covenant will be enquired into.

And come not near to the orphan's property except to improve it, until he attains the age of full strength. And fulfill (every) covenant. Verily, the covenant will be questioned about (34)And give full measure when you measure, and weigh with a balance that is straight. That is good (advantageous) and better in the end (35) The Command to handle the Orphan's Wealth properly and to be Honest in Weights and Measures وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ (And come not near to the orphan's property except to improve it, until he attains the age of full strength.) meaning, do not dispose of the orphan's wealth except in a proper manner. وَلَا تَأْكُلُوهَا إِسْرَافًا وَبِدَارًا أَن يَكْبَرُوا ۚ وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ ۖ وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ (but consume it [the orphan's property] not wastefully

O you who have faith! It is narrated that Jaʿfar ibn MuḤammad said that these words have four traits through which the Lord of the Worlds honored and caressed the community. One is that they are a call, second an intimation, third an allusion, and fourth a bearing witness. O is a call, you is an intimation, who is an allusion, and have faith is a bearing witness. The call is an honor, the intimation of mercy, the allusion to love, and the bearing witness to recognition. “He called them before He made them appear, and He named them before He saw them.” They were in the concealment of nonexistence when He called them to honor. They had not yet come into the circle of existence when He named them with a beautiful name: He named you sub- mitters from before [22:78]. He saw the faults and He approved of the faults. He saw the offenses, and He bought the offenses. He saw the pure ones of the h

O you who believe fulfil your bonds the covenants confirmed between you and God and between you and other people. Lawful to you is the beast of the flocks camels cattle and sheep and goats to eat after slaughtering them except that which is now being recited to you as forbidden in the verse below Forbidden to you are carrion…Q. 53; the exceptive clause here is a discontinuous one but may also be continuous; the forbidding concerns that which has succumbed to death and the like; game not being lawful to you when you are on pilgrimage hurum means muhrimūn; ghayra ‘not’ is in the accusative as it introduces a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject of the pronoun lakum ‘to you’. Verily God decrees whatever He desires in the way of making things lawful or otherwise and there can be no objection thereto.

Surely We offered the Trust to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, but they refused to carry it and feared it, and man carried it. Surely he was a great wrongdoer, deeply ignorant. For a time Adam the Chosen-that first wayfarer, that wellspring of beginningless gentleness, that coffer of the wonders of omnipotence, that jewel-box of the gentleness of the Haqiqah, that shoot in the garden of generosity-was kept between Mecca and Taif in the cradle of the covenant of recognitions. The ill-fortuned, ill-eyed Iblis passed by. With the hand of envy he shook Adam's makeup and found it empty. He said, “This creature will not be self-possessed. He is empty, and nothing comes forth from something empty.” Beginningless good fortune replied on behalf of Adam: “Wait a few days until the falcon of his mystery takes flight! The first prey it hunts will be you.” The abandoned and accursed Ibli

Indeed We offered the Trust — the obligation to prayer and other matters which when performed result in reward and when neglected result in punishment — to the heavens and the earth and the mountains and created in them the power of comprehension and speech at the time of that offer but they refused to bear it and were apprehensive of it; but man Adam undertook it when it was offered to him. Truly he is a wrongdoer to his own soul because of what he undertook ignorant of the responsibility that comes with it —

حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ سَلاَمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سُهَيْلٍ، نَافِعِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ آيَةُ الْمُنَافِقِ ثَلاَثٌ إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ، وَإِذَا اؤْتُمِنَ خَانَ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Abu Huraira:Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The signs of a hypocrite are three: Whenever he speaks, he tells a lie; and whenever he promises, he breaks his promise; and whenever he is entrusted, he betrays (proves to be dishonest)

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ الْغَادِرُ يُرْفَعُ لَهُ لِوَاءٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، يُقَالُ هَذِهِ غَدْرَةُ فُلاَنِ بْنِ فُلاَنٍ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Ibn `Umar:The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "For every betrayer (perfidious person), a flag will be raised on the Day of Resurrection, and it will be announced (publicly) 'This is the betrayal (perfidy) of so-and-so, the son of so-and-so

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، ح وَحَدَّثَنِي زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ أَرْبَعٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ كَانَ مُنَافِقًا خَالِصًا وَمَنْ كَانَتْ فِيهِ خَلَّةٌ مِنْهُنَّ كَانَتْ فِيهِ خَلَّةٌ مِنْ نِفَاقٍ حَتَّى يَدَعَهَا إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ وَإِذَا عَاهَدَ غَدَرَ وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ وَإِذَا خَاصَمَ فَجَرَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ غَيْرَ أَنَّ فِي حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ ‏"‏ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ فِيهِ خَصْلَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ كَانَتْ فِيهِ خَصْلَةٌ مِنَ النِّفَاقِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

It is narrated on the authority of Abdullah b. 'Amr that the Prophet observed:"There are four characteristics, whoever has them all is a pure hypocrite, and whoever has one of its characteristics, he has one of the characteristics of hypocrisy, until he gives it up: When he speaks he lies, when he makes a covenant he betrays it, when he makes a promise he breaks it, and when he disputes he resorts to obscene speech." In the narration of Sufyan (one of the narrators) it is: "And if he has one of them, he has one of the characteristics of hypocrisy

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا طَلْقُ بْنُ غَنَّامٍ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، - قَالَ ابْنُ الْعَلاَءِ وَقَيْسٍ - عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ "‏ أَدِّ الأَمَانَةَ إِلَى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَكَ وَلاَ تَخُنْ مَنْ خَانَكَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏

Narrated AbuHurayrah: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Pay the deposit to him who deposited it with you, and do not betray him who betrayed you

حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا نَافِعُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ أَبُو سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ آيَةُ الْمُنَافِقِ ثَلاَثٌ إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ، وَإِذَا اؤْتُمِنَ خَانَ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "The signs of a hypocrite are three: 1. Whenever he speaks, he tells a lie. 2. Whenever he promises, he always breaks it (his promise ). 3. If you trust him, he proves to be dishonest. (If you keep something as a trust with him, he will not return it)

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سُهَيْلٍ، نَافِعِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَبِي عَامِرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ "‏ آيَةُ الْمُنَافِقِ ثَلاَثٌ إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ، وَإِذَا اؤْتُمِنَ خَانَ، وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخَلَفَ ‏"‏‏.‏

Narrated Abu Huraira:Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The signs of a hypocrite are three: (1) whenever he speaks, he tells a lie, (2) whenever he is entrusted, he proves to be dishonest, (3) whenever he promises, he breaks his promise

وقال معاذ بن جبل قال لي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أوصيك بتقوى الله وصدق الحديث ووفاء العهد وأداء الأمانة وترك الخيانة وحفظ الجار ورحمة اليتيم ولين الكلام وبذل السلام وخفض الجناح + حديث معاذ أوصيك بتقوى الله وصدق الحديث أخرجه الخرائطي في مكارم الأخلاق و البيهقي في كتاب الزهد وأبو نعيم في الحلية ولم يقل البيهقي وخفض الجناح وإسناد ضعيف +

التبرر ونحوه الخامس الخيانة في الأمانة فإذا اؤتمن الرجل أمانة فالواجب عليه أن يردها كما قال تعالى إن الله يأمركم أن تؤدوا الأمانات إلى أهلها النساء وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أد الأمانة إلى من ائتمنك وقال في خطبته في حجة الوداع من كانت عنده أمانة فليؤدها إلى من ائتمنه عليها قال الله عز وجل ياآيها الذين أمنوا لا تخونوا الله والرسول وتخونوا أماناتكم وأنتم تعلمون الأنفال فالخيانة في الأمانة من خصال النفاق وفي حديث ابن مسعود من قوله وروى مرفوعا القتل في سبيل الله يكفر كل ذنب إلا الأمانة يؤتي بصاحب الأمانة فيقال له أد أمانتك فيقول من أين يارب وقد ذهبت الدنيا فيقول اذهبوا به إلى الهاوية فيهوي حتى ينتهي إلى قعرها فيجدها هناك كهيئتها فيحملها فيضعها على عنقه فيصعد بها في نار جهنم حتى إذا رأي أنه قد خرج منها زلت فهوي فيهوي هو في أثرها أبد الآبدين قال والأمانة في الصلاة والأمانة في الصوم والأمانة في الحديث وأشد من ذلك الودائع وقد روى عن محمد بن كعب القرظي أنه استنبط ما في هذا الحديث أعني حديث آي

والزنى يجمع خلال الشر كلها من قلة الدين وذهاب الورع وفساد المروءة وقلة الغيرة فلا تجد زانيا معه ورع ولا وفاء بعهد ولا صدق في حديث ولا محافظة على صديق ولا غيرة تامة على أهله فالغدر والكذب والخيانة وقلة الحياء وعدم المراقبة وعدم الأنفة للحرم وذهاب الغيرة من القلب من شعبه وموجباته

فلم يدع نصيحة جميلة إلا وقد دعانا إليها وأمرنا بها ولم يدع غشا أو قال عيبا أو قال شينا إلا حذرناه ونهانا عنه + حديث أنس لم يدع صلى الله عليه وسلم نصيحة جميلة إلا وقد دعانا إليها وأمرنا بها له أقف له على إسناد وهو صحيح من حيث الواقع + ويكفي من ذلك كله هذه الآية @QB@ إن الله يأمر بالعدل والإحسان @QE@ الآية وقال معاذ أوصاني رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال يا معاذ أوصيك بإتقاء الله وصدق الحديث والوفاء بالعهد وأداء الأمانة وترك الخيانة وحفظ الجار ورحمة اليتيم ولين الكلام وبذل السلام وحسن العمل وقصر الأمل ولزوم الإيمان والتفقه في القرآن وحب الآخرة والجزع من الحساب وخفض الجناح وأنهاك أن تسب حكيما أو تكذب صادقا أو تطيع آثما أو تعصي إماما عادلا أو تفسد أرضا وأوصيك باتقاء الله عند كل حجر وشجر ومدر وأن تحدث لكل ذنب توبة السر بالسر والعلانية بالعلانية + حديث يا معاذ أوصيك باتقاء الله وصدق الحديث الحديث أخرجه أبو نعيم في الحلية والبيهقي في الزهد وقد تقدم في آداب الصحبة + فهكذا أدب عباد الله ودعاهم

وكان أبو عبد الرحمن الزاهد يقول إلهى عاملت الناس فيما بيني وبينهم بالأمانة وعاملتك فيما بيني وبينك بالخيانة ويبكى

قال الله تعالى إن الله يأمركم أن تؤدوا الأمانات إلى أهلها النساء وقال تعالى إنا عرضنا الأمانة على السموات والأرض والجبال فأبين أن يحملنها وأشفقن منها وحملها الإنسان إنه كان ظلوما جهولا الأحزاب

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Oxytocin makes females, but not males, less forgiving following betrayal of trust.: Although oxytocin has been shown to enhance trust behavior, to date no study has directly established whether oxytocin can modulate the effect of repair strategies on restoring damaged trust. In the current double-blind, between-subjects, placebo-controlled design study, two repair strategies were used to examine the effect of intranasal oxytocin administration on modulating trust restoration in a revised trust game. The results showed that although oxytocin had no overall effect on modulating t

Registered Replication Report: Study 1 From Finkel, Rusbult, Kumashiro, & Hannon (2002).: Finkel, Rusbult, Kumashiro, and Hannon (2002, Study 1) demonstrated a causal link between subjective commitment to a relationship and how people responded to hypothetical betrayals of that relationship. Participants primed to think about their commitment to their partner (high commitment) reacted to the betrayals with reduced exit and neglect responses relative to those primed to think about their independence from their partner (low commitment). The priming manipulation did not affect construct

Social capital and health: starting to make sense of the role of generalized trust and reciprocity.

Social capital is widely considered to influence health. It is usually defined as a list of components such as social networks, social participation, trust and reciprocity. It is trust and reciprocity that are the subjects of this article. The presumed relationship of each with health is rarely explained in social capital studies. Trust is usually treated simplistically, both conceptually and in relation to measurement, while reciprocity is misunderstood, under-theorized and rarely measured. Pathways from trust and reciprocity to better health may be by way of reduced stress. Clarification and valid measures are needed to progress studies of social capital and health.

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When and how do young people seek professional help for mental health problems?

Despite the high prevalence of mental health problems and disorders that develop in adolescence and early adulthood, young people tend to not seek professional help. Young men and young people from Indigenous and ethnic minority groups tend to be those most reluctant to seek help. Young people are more inclined to seek help for mental health problems if they: have some knowledge about mental health issues and sources of help; feel emotionally competent to express their feelings; and have established and trusted relationships with potential help providers. Young people are less likely to seek help if they: are experiencing suicidal thoughts and depressive symptoms; hold negative attitudes toward seeking help or have had negative past experiences with sources of help; or hold beliefs that they should be able to sort out their own mental health problems on their own. Young people may seek h…

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Student-teacher connection: a place of possibility.

Aim: This paper expands the understanding of student-teacher connection and offers direction for educators in supporting connection as a place of possibility. Background: The evolution of a humanistic paradigm in nursing education is evident in research exploring student-teacher relationships. Connection is described within humanistic student-teacher relationships, reported as part of experiences of students, educators and clinicians within emancipatory curricula, and emerged as a central metaphor in a metasynthesis of caring in nursing education. Additionally, student-teacher connection in clinical nursing education has been reported as creating positive outcomes for students' learning experiences and professional socialization. Discussion: In this paper, student-teacher connection is envisioned as having a value beyond these tangible outcomes - a value that arises from the essence of c…

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Barriers to uptake of PrEP across the continuum among transgender women: A global scoping review.

Background: Although preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has demonstrated high efficacy for HIV prevention, rates of PrEP uptake remain low among the transgender population, especially in transgender women (TGW). We conducted this scoping review to assess and characterize barriers to PrEP use along the PrEP care continuum among TGW. Methods: We conducted this scoping review by searching studies in Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria included: reporting a PrEP related quantitative result among TGW; peer-reviewed and published in English between 2010-2021. Results: Globally, high willingness (80%) to use PrEP was found, yet uptake and adherence (35.4%) were low. TGW experiencing hardship, including poverty, incarceration, and substance use, were associated with higher odds of PrEP awareness but lower odds of PrEP use. Structural and social barriers such as stigma, m…

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The influence of group membership on young children's prosocial behaviour.

Young children can be extremely prosocial-willing to help and share with others and comfort them in distress. However, the origins of social problems like prejudice and discrimination also appear early in development. In this paper, I discuss research investigating how group membership affects children's tendency to be prosocial. Existing research on this topic has focused primarily on sharing behaviour and shown that, in general, children allocate more resources to members of their own groups. After reviewing this important literature, I make the case for extending research with young children to other forms of prosociality. This has the potential to inform our understanding of the mechanisms behind ingroup favouritism in prosociality and help us understand routes towards interventions to encourage more egalitarian behaviour.

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Racial/ethnic disparities in the assessment and treatment of pain: psychosocial perspectives.

Racial/ethnic disparities not only are prevalent throughout the U.S. health care system but also have proved refractory to change. Such disparities are evident and similarly persistent in the treatment of patients with chronic pain conditions, exacting high personal and societal costs. While psychosocial factors contribute significantly to this intractable problem, an integrated examination of the literature is lacking. This article provides an overview of psychosocial factors that contribute to disparities in the treatment of chronic pain patients and in their adjustment to pain. It focuses initially on aspects of pain assessment that can occasion disparate care. Because pain is a subjective phenomenon that often defies objective medical assessment, it is particularly susceptible to social psychological influences, such as stereotypes. We pay particular attention to negative racial/ethn…

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Attitudes, beliefs and behaviors surrounding organ donation among Hispanic women.

Purpose of review: Hispanic individuals are disproportionately in need of donor organs and are less likely to consent to donation than their non-Hispanic counterparts. This review addresses psychological constructs that include the attitudes and beliefs that surround organ donation within Hispanic communities and highlights the importance of women in the domain of organ donation. Recent findings: Attitudes toward living and posthumous donation are favorable. Mistrust of the medical profession, concerns about religious acceptance of donation, perceptions of inequity in the distribution of donated organs, and the context in which donation requests typically are made all serve as barriers to consent. Women are more likely to consent to donation than are men. Summary: Hispanic-American groups are heterogeneous. Culturally sensitive approaches to communicating a donation request must consider…

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Compassion: a concept analysis.

Compassion is a quality deemed sine qua non for nursing and claimed to underpin the profession in its larger-than-life scope. Yet the meaning of the concept "compassion" (or "compassionate care") is neither clearly defined in nursing scholarship nor widely promoted in the context of contemporaneous everyday nursing practice. The term in its moral dimension has, at best, been downgraded as an optional practice in everyday nursing care and, at worst, dismissed as lofty ideals connected to other disciplines, such as religion and ethics. A concept analysis using Walker and Avant's strategic method as well as Rodgers's evolutionary paradigm was undertaken to clarify the meaning of the concept "compassion" and examine its relevance in the context of everyday nursing practice.

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Attitudes toward death criteria and organ donation among healthcare personnel and the general public.

Objective: To examine attitudes toward death criteria and their relation to attitudes and behaviors regarding organ donation. Data sources: This article reviews empirical studies on the attitudes of healthcare personnel and the general public regarding death criteria and organ donation. Study selection and data extraction: The review was restricted to studies that had as a primary focus attitudes toward 1 or more of the following 3 specific criteria for determining death: (1) brain death, the irreversible loss of all functions of the entire brain; (2) higher brain death, the loss of cerebral cortex function alone; and (3) the circulatory-respiratory criteria commonly used in donation after cardiac death. Data synthesis: Studies consistently show that the general public and some medical personnel are inadequately familiar with the legal and medical status of brain death; attitudes toward …

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Modulation of Trust in Borderline Personality Disorder by Script-Based Imaginal Exposure to Betrayal.

Interpersonal and trust-related difficulties are central features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). In this study, we applied script-driven betrayal imagery to evoke mistrustful behavior in a social reinforcement learning task. In 21 BPD and 20 healthy control (HC) participants, we compared this approach to the standard confederate paradigm used in research studies. The script-driven imagery evoked a transient increase in negative affect and also decreased trusting behavior to a similar degree in both groups. Across conditions, we also replicated previously reported between-group differences in negative affect (increased in BPD) and task behavior (more sensitive to social cues in BPD). These results support the validity of script-driven imagery as an alternative social task stimulus. This script-driven imagery approach is appealing for clinical research studies on reinforcement l…

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An Integrative Review of the Influence of Expectancies on Pain.

Expectancies can shape pain experiences. Attention for the influence of expectancies on pain has increased particularly due to research on placebo effects, of which expectancy is believed to be the core mechanism. In the current review, we provide a brief overview of the literature on the influence of expectancies on pain. We first discuss the central role of expectancy in the major psychological learning theories. Based on these theories, different kinds of expectancies can be distinguished. Pain experiences are influenced particularly by response expectancies directly pertaining to the pain experience itself, but can also be affected by self-efficacy expectancies regarding one's ability to cope with pain, and possibly by stimulus expectancies regarding external events. These different kinds of expectancies might interact with each other, and related emotions and cognitions, as reflecte…

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The role of trust in engaging community-based task forces and agencies among minoritized communities during a public health emergency.

Objectives: To investigate how task forces, networks, and community agencies engaged with faith-based, and ethnoracial communities to improve vaccine confidence and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines, and to understand the perceived enablers and barriers to the implementation of vaccine confidence and uptake in the Peel Region and Toronto, Ontario. Methods: Between June 2023 and March 2024, we conducted ten online focus groups with three task forces and six community agencies. We conducted four interviews with representatives from two task forces and one network. We used thematic analysis to explore respondents' perceptions and experiences. Results: The data revealed that trust operated at interpersonal and organizational levels, which are mutually reinforcing. At the interpersonal level, members of the task forces, network, and ambassadors from community agencies drew on relationships with mem…

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Trust Matters: A Qualitative Study on Healthcare Access and Utilization Among African Immigrants in the United States.

Trust in healthcare is declining in the U.S. and is associated with decreased engagement in preventive care, low adherence to treatments, lack of motivation to seek care and poor health outcomes. Using the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study examined the impacts of trust on the healthcare access and utilization among African immigrants in Florida, United States. In-depth interviews were conducted with purposively selected African immigrants (N = 19) over the age of 18, lived in Florida for five or more years, and had recent experience with the U.S. healthcare system. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using NVivo14. Perceived barriers to trust led to discontinuation and delays of care. Uncertainties on insurance coverage, ambiguous medical bills, and broken patient-provider communication constitute perceived barriers. Perceived benefit determined trust a…

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Building trust and relationship across language barriers: a qualitative study of interpreter-mediated psychotherapy with therapists, interpreters and patients.

Background: Among a variety of barriers to accessing and providing mental health care for migrant and refugee populations, language barriers play a crucial role. Interpreter-mediated psychotherapy (IMP) has emerged as an effective approach to overcoming these challenges and promoting equitable access to mental health care. However, IMP also introduces a more complex relationship structure: the classical therapist-patient dyad evolves into a triad. Relational qualities such as trust, empathy, and mutual understanding are known to be key indicators of a positive therapeutic relationship. Despite the utilisation of interpreters, research on the relational qualities of IMP remains limited. While several qualitative studies have explored relational dynamics in IMP, few have examined these from the perspective of all parties, particularly by incorporating patient's perspectives. Therefore, thi…

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The evolution of trust and trustworthiness.

Trust and trustworthiness form the basis for continued social and economic interactions, and they are also fundamental for cooperation, fairness, honesty, and indeed for many other forms of prosocial and moral behaviour. However, trust entails risks, and building a trustworthy reputation requires effort. So how did trust and trustworthiness evolve, and under which conditions do they thrive? To find answers, we operationalize trust and trustworthiness using the trust game with the trustor's investment and the trustee's return of the investment as the two key parameters. We study this game on different networks, including the complete network, random and scale-free networks, and in the well-mixed limit. We show that in all but one case, the network structure has little effect on the evolution of trust and trustworthiness. Specifically, for well-mixed populations, lattices, random and scale…

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Humble Coaches and Their Influence on Players and Teams: The Mediating Role of Affect-Based (but Not Cognition-Based) Trust.

Humility is a desirable quality for leaders across different domains, but not much is known about humility in sports coaches. This study integrated positive and organizational psychology to define humility as it pertains to sports coaches and examined humble coaches' influence on player development and team climate. Additionally, trust was examined as a mediator between coaches' humility and the two outcomes. Participants (N = 184; Mage = 23.44, SDage = 8.69; 73.4% women) rated their coaches' humility and reflected on the coaches' influence and their team climate. Results indicated that affect-based, but not cognition-based, trust mediated the relationship between humility and coaches' influence on players and team climate. Theoretical and practical implications for sports coaches are discussed.

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Generalized trust predicts young children's willingness to delay gratification.

Young children's willingness to delay gratification by forgoing an immediate reward to obtain a more desirable one in the future predicts a wide range of positive social, cognitive, and health outcomes. Standard accounts of this phenomenon have focused on individual differences in cognitive control skills that allow children to engage in goal-oriented behavior, but recent findings suggest that person-specific trust is also important, with children showing a stronger tendency to delay gratification if they have reason to trust the individual who is promising the future reward. The current research builds on those findings by examining generalized trust, which refers to the extent to which others are generally viewed as trustworthy. A total of 150 3- to 5-year-olds in China were tested. Participants were given the opportunity to obtain one sticker immediately, or wait for 15 min for two st…

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Holistic psychosocial determinants of adherence to medication in people with type 2 diabetes.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether adherent and non-adherent patients with type 2 diabetes can be differentiated according to psychosocial characteristics. Methods: A total of 1214 patients were included in the analysis. Data were derived from a cross-sectional observational study of adults with diabetes of the Access Santé (Access Health) panel of Kantar Health France. Patients completed a questionnaire on adherence to medication, psychological determinants (trust in physicians, constancy of habits, patience, temporal horizon, health locus of control, obedience, psychological reactivity, prevention vs promotion, optimism vs pessimism) and social deprivation. Results: Of these 1214 subjects, 46.2% were considered strictly adherent to antidiabetic medication, as reflected by negative answers to all six questions suggesting a non-adherent behaviours, whereas 48.9% p…

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Shared decision-making as an existential journey: Aiming for restored autonomous capacity.

Objective: We describe the different ways in which illness represents an existential problem, and its implications for shared decision-making. Methods: We explore core concepts of shared decision-making in medical encounters (uncertainty, vulnerability, dependency, autonomy, power, trust, responsibility) to interpret and explain existing results and propose a broader understanding of shared-decision making for future studies. Results: Existential aspects of being are physical, social, psychological, and spiritual. Uncertainty and vulnerability caused by illness expose these aspects and may lead to dependency on the provider, which underscores that autonomy is not just an individual status, but also a varying capacity, relational of nature. In shared decision-making, power and trust are important factors that may increase as well as decrease the patient's dependency, particularly as infor…

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Recruitment of Older Adults: Success May Be in the Details.

Purpose: Describe recruitment strategies used in a randomized clinical trial of a behavioral prospective memory intervention to improve medication adherence for older adults taking antihypertensive medication. Results: Recruitment strategies represent 4 themes: accessing an appropriate population, communication and trust-building, providing comfort and security, and expressing gratitude. Recruitment activities resulted in 276 participants with a mean age of 76.32 years, and study enrollment included 207 women, 69 men, and 54 persons representing ethnic minorities. Recruitment success was linked to cultivating relationships with community-based organizations, face-to-face contact with potential study participants, and providing service (e.g., blood pressure checks) as an access point to eligible participants. Seventy-two percent of potential participants who completed a follow-up call and…

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Cognitive social capital and mental illness during economic crisis: a nationwide population-based study in Greece.

The ongoing financial crisis in Greece has yielded adverse effects on the mental health of the population. In this context, the particular study investigates the link between two indices of cognitive social capital; namely interpersonal and institutional trust, and the presence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder. A random and representative sample of 2256 respondents took part in a cross-sectional nationwide telephone survey the time period February-April 2011 (Response Rate = 80.5%), after being recruited from the national phone number databank. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview, while for interpersonal and institutional trust the pertinent questions of the European Social Survey were utilized. Socio-demographic variables were also encompassed in the research instrument, while participants' degree of …

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A Critical Review: Moral Injury in Nurses in the Aftermath of a Patient Safety Incident.

Background: To date, there has been no published work towards understanding or classifying patient safety incidents (PSIs) or their aftermath as potential morally injurious experiences (pMIEs). A morally injurious experience is one that violates deeply held moral values and beliefs, and can put an individual at risk for burnout, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other trauma-related problems. This can also set the stage for moral injury, which can occur when there has been a betrayal of what is right by someone in a position of legitimate authority, or by one's self, in a high-stakes situation. Objective: The objective of this review of nurse second victim literature is to describe symptoms of moral injury empirically observed in nurses in the aftermath of a PSI. Methods: A critical review using a SALSA (search, appraisal, synthesis, analysis) method commenced with a search of electron…

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When do people cooperate? The neuroeconomics of prosocial decision making.

Understanding the roots of prosocial behavior is an interdisciplinary research endeavor that has generated an abundance of empirical data across many disciplines. This review integrates research findings from different fields into a novel theoretical framework that can account for when prosocial behavior is likely to occur. Specifically, we propose that the motivation to cooperate (or not), generated by the reward system in the brain (extending from the striatum to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex), is modulated by two neural networks: a cognitive control system (centered on the lateral prefrontal cortex) that processes extrinsic cooperative incentives, and/or a social cognition system (including the temporo-parietal junction, the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala) that processes trust and/or threat signals. The independent modulatory influence of incentives and trust on the de…

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Assessing the Credibility and Authenticity of Social Media Content for Applications in Health Communication: Scoping Review.

Background: Nutrition science is currently facing issues regarding the public's perception of its credibility, with social media (SM) influencers increasingly becoming a key source for nutrition-related information with high engagement rates. Source credibility and, to an extent, authenticity have been widely studied in marketing and communications but have not yet been considered in the context of nutrition or health communication. Thus, an investigation into the factors that impact perceived source and message credibility and authenticity is of interest to inform health communication on SM. Objective: This study aims to explore the factors that impact message and source credibility (which includes trustworthiness and expertise) or authenticity judgments on SM platforms to better inform nutrition science SM communication best practices. Methods: A total of 6 databases across a variety o…

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Conduct problems in youth and the RDoC approach: A developmental, evolutionary-based view.

Problems related to aggression in young people are traditionally subsumed under the header of conduct problems, which include conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Such problems in children and adolescents are an important societal and mental health problem. In this paper we present an evolutionarily informed developmental psychopathology view of conduct problems inspired by the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative. We assume that while there are many pathways to conduct problems, chronic or temporary impairments in the domain of social cognition or mentalizing are a common denominator. Specifically, we conceptualize conduct problems as reflecting temporary or chronic difficulties with mentalizing, that is, the capacity to understand the self and others in terms of intentional mental states, leading to a failure to inhibit interpersonal violence through a process…

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