Areas › Focus, starting, and ADHD › Medication and how it works
New medicines will probably come from genetics and from the chemistry of the frontal lobes. None of it is close enough to be worth waiting for.
Compounds acting on particular dopamine receptors, on glutamate, and on nicotinic pathways have all been proposed, and the nicotinic route has repeatedly failed to produce anything usable. If you are quietly hoping for something better around the corner, it is kinder to know the corner is a long way off. Treat what is in front of you now with what exists now.
This explains how treatments work. Never start, stop or change a medication because of something you read here.
Qur’an and Sunnah
'we are not skilled at dream-interpretation' (Quran 12:44). Honest people declined to predict what they could not read, which is the right posture towards medicines that do not exist yet.
قَالُوٓاْ أَضۡغَٰثُ أَحۡلَٰمࣲۖ وَمَا نَحۡنُ بِتَأۡوِيلِ ٱلۡأَحۡلَٰمِ بِعَٰلِمِينَ
They said, ‘These are confusing dreams and we are not skilled at dream-interpretation,’
Qur’an 12:44read it in the library
Translation: M.A.S. Abdel Haleem, The Qur'an, Oxford University Press, 2004.
What the research says
A systematic review of pharmacogenetics found genetic variants explained some of the variation in how adults respond to methylphenidate, though not enough to guide prescribing in practice. That is where the genetics stands today: a real signal, not yet usable at the bedside. It is a reasonable basis for hope about the future and a poor basis for postponing a decision now.
Contini V, Rovaris DL, Victor MM, Grevet EH, Rohde LA, Bau CH. (2013). Pharmacogenetics of response to methylphenidate in adult patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a systematic review.. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology doi
Strength of evidence: one line of research. A single study, or a theoretical account.
Why it works
A treatment that might exist later does nothing for the years you are living through.
This one is still a draft. It is waiting on a scholar and a clinician to read it before it is published.
Near this one
Every workplace runs on a map nobody prints: who really decides, who to ask, what the polite route is. Picking that up by osmosis is exactly the channel that struggles here.
Doing badly on one long acting product does not mean the medicine inside it was wrong for you. The same molecule in a different capsule can behave differently enough to be worth trying before anyone gives up on it.
When appetite disappears at lunchtime, work with the child's rhythm instead of against it. Feed them properly at the hours they are actually hungry, which is usually breakfast and then the late afternoon and evening.