Practices

The blockade is partial. Serotonin is not trapped in there forever: enzymes still break it down and the transporters that are not blocked carry on working.

That matters for accuracy and it matters for reassurance, because people do picture something flooding and stuck. It also explains why serotonin…

When someone says they react badly to normal doses of almost everything, take it as information about their body rather than as a personality trait.

Bodies differ in how fast they break a medicine down. Give two people the same dose and one of them may be holding far more of it for far longer,…

Whether a medicine works can turn on something as ordinary as taking it with food or moving it to bedtime.

Vilazodone is the clear case. On an empty stomach a good deal less of it is absorbed, and the nausea it can cause is easier to sit with overnight…

If a medicine leaves you wired, restless or with a pulse that will not settle, report it rather than tolerating it quietly.

The antidepressants that act on noradrenaline as well as serotonin can raise blood pressure and put nerves on edge, and with some of them that grows…

The same medicine can be dangerous given one way and safe given another. Slow release is not a marketing word.

Bupropion was pulled from the market over seizures and came back once a slow release form existed, because what drove the risk was the sharp peak…

The chemistry story runs backwards from how it is usually told. Nobody found a low chemical and then built a drug. They noticed what certain drugs did to mood and reasoned back to what must have been missing.

Reserpine emptied out the monoamines and people became depressed. Iproniazid and imipramine raised them and mood lifted. Out of that came the account…

Depression is not one thing with one address. Fatigue, blank concentration, lost libido and the loss of pleasure do not all come from the same place, so it helps to name which one you most want moved.

This is why two people with the same diagnosis get offered different tablets. A flat, pleasureless presentation points one way, a fatigued and achey…

Ask why the tablets take weeks. That one question sorts the honest accounts of how they work from the tidy story about a chemical being low.

Four competing versions sit under the same umbrella: too little released, reuptake running too hard, too much broken down, or receptors that need an…

Nearly all of them do the one thing: keep a monoamine hanging about in the synapse for longer. So when you hear that some other tablet is stronger, be a little sceptical.

Head to head, the differences in how much they lift mood are modest. Where they really differ is in everything else they do to you, and in how well…

SSRIs became the default for four reasons, and being more effective is not among them. They are easier to tolerate, taken once a day, far safer in overdose, and cheap as generics.

Tricyclics match them for lifting mood and are dangerous in overdose because of what they do to the heart. MAOIs carry food and drug interactions…

Never come off an antidepressant on your own. The taper belongs to the prescriber, and for some drugs it needs to be slower and longer than people expect.

The moment to raise this is before anybody acts, not afterwards. If a client is feeling better and starting to think about stopping, that thought is…

One person's side effect is another person's treatment. Sedation is a burden for someone who cannot get out of bed and a gift for someone who cannot get to sleep.

Read the comparison charts that way and they stop being lists of harms. They turn into a set of levers: this one settles, this one gets you moving,…

Two rough shapes of low mood are worth telling apart: the irritable, restless, crabby kind, and the flattened, heavy, nothing matters kind.

They ask for different things. The agitated version often tolerates and even welcomes something sedating, while the flattened version needs whatever…

A genetic test can tell you how quickly your body clears a medicine. It cannot tell you whether that medicine will lift your mood, and it helps to keep those two questions apart.

Where these panels earn their place is in dosing and tolerability. Someone who breaks a drug down slowly may need less of it, and someone who clears…

Some antidepressants take weeks to build up and weeks to clear, so both the improvement and the aftermath run on a slower clock than you would expect.

Fluoxetine is the usual example. It and the substance it turns into stay around a long time, which means a fair trial is counted in weeks and…

Some newer antidepressants do two jobs in a single tablet: the familiar one of keeping serotonin available, plus a direct nudge at the receiving end.

This is worth knowing because it explains what a person actually feels. A drug with a second action brings a second set of effects, wanted and…

No option comes without a cost. The useful question is not which medicine has side effects, it is which side effects you could live with.

One drug may unsettle your stomach for a fortnight and leave your sex life alone. Another may be kind to the stomach and flatten desire for as long…

Raising a dose does not simply raise the benefit. It raises everything the drug does, including the parts nobody was asking for.

As the amount climbs, a medicine begins touching things it barely touched before, which is why new side effects can appear at a higher dose of…

A newer version of a familiar medicine is usually a tidier version rather than a leap, and tidier is still worth something.

Desvenlafaxine is venlafaxine after the liver has done its work, given directly. The point of that is fewer differences between people who process…

Most antidepressants share a family resemblance. Bupropion does not, so much of what you have read about the others simply does not apply to it.

It works on the systems carrying drive and alertness rather than on serotonin, which is why its effects, wanted and unwanted, sit at an angle to the…